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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jun 2024Periodontal disease affects supporting dental structures and ranks among one of the top most expensive conditions to treat in the world. Moreover, in recent years, the...
Periodontal disease affects supporting dental structures and ranks among one of the top most expensive conditions to treat in the world. Moreover, in recent years, the disease has also been linked to cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases. At present, there is a serious lack of accurate diagnostic tools to identify people at severe risk of periodontal disease progression. Porphyromonas gingivalis is often considered one of the most contributing factors towards disease progression. It produces the Arg- and Lys-specific proteases Rgp and Kgp, respectively. Within this work, a short epitope sequence of these proteases is immobilised onto a magnetic nanoparticle platform. These are then used as a template to produce high-affinity, selective molecularly imprinted nanogels, using the common monomers N-tert-butylacrylamide (TBAM), N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA). N,N-Methylene bis(acrylamide) (BIS) was used as a crosslinking monomer to form the interconnected polymeric network. The produced nanogels were immobilised onto a planar gold surface and characterised using the optical technique of surface plasmon resonance. They showed high selectivity and affinity towards their template, with affinity constants of 79.4 and 89.7 nM for the Rgp and Kgp epitope nanogels, respectively. From their calibration curves, the theoretical limit of detection was determined to be 1.27 nM for the Rgp nanogels and 2.00 nM for the Kgp nanogels. Furthermore, they also showed excellent selectivity against bacterial culture supernatants E8 (Rgp knockout), K1A (Kgp knockout), and W50-d (wild-type) strains in complex medium of brain heart infusion (BHI).
PubMed: 38898327
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05395-6 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024This study investigates the incorporation of block natural rubber (NR) as a viscosity-inducing agent in NR oily liquids designed for drug delivery systems. A variety of...
This study investigates the incorporation of block natural rubber (NR) as a viscosity-inducing agent in NR oily liquids designed for drug delivery systems. A variety of liquids, encompassing natural oils, synthetic and non-oil liquids, and a eutectic mixture, were incorporated with NR using solvent displacement technique. Successful formulations were achieved for several oily liquids, with viscosity correlating to NR concentration. Particularly, a eutectic mixture of menthol and camphor exhibited optimal viscosity by direct dissolving enabling the development of transdermal ibuprofen delivery and injectable azithromycin for periodontitis treatment. NR prolonged the release of both drugs. The extended-release ibuprofen system holds promise for transdermal applications, while the azithromycin system displayed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, suggesting potential for periodontitis treatment. Overall, this investigation advances the development of NR oily liquids as a versatile drug delivery system that can be applied both on the skin and for the local injection into the periodontal pocket, showcasing promise for various therapeutic applications.
PubMed: 38897513
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133237 -
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of No-Ozone Cold Plasma in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Periodontitis Rats.International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by () in the oral cavity. This periodontal disease causes damage to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and can...
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by () in the oral cavity. This periodontal disease causes damage to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and can cause tooth loss, but there is no definite treatment yet. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using no-ozone cold plasma to safely treat periodontitis in the oral cavity. First, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were treated with -derived lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, and then the anti-inflammatory effect of NCP was examined, and a study was conducted to identify the mechanism of action. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of NCP was verified in rats that developed an inflammatory response similar to periodontitis. When NCP was applied to PG-LPS-treated HGFs, the activities of inflammatory proteins and cytokines were effectively inhibited. It was confirmed that the process of denaturing the medium by charged particles of NCP is essential for the anti-inflammatory effect of NCP. Also, it was confirmed that repeated treatment of periodontitis rats with NCP effectively reduced the inflammatory cells and osteoclast activity. As a result, this study suggests that NCP can be directly helpful in the treatment of periodontitis in the future.
Topics: Animals; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontitis; Lipopolysaccharides; Rats; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Humans; Gingiva; Fibroblasts; Ozone; Plasma Gases; Male; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Nitric Oxide; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38892350
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116161 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024GV1001, an anticancer vaccine, exhibits other biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. It also suppresses the development of...
GV1001, an anticancer vaccine, exhibits other biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. It also suppresses the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. (), a major human oral bacterium implicated in the development of periodontitis, is associated with various systemic disorders, such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the protective effects of GV1001 against -induced periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, and AD-like conditions in ()-deficient mice. GV1001 effectively mitigated the development of -induced periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, and AD-like conditions by counteracting -induced local and systemic inflammation, partly by inhibiting the accumulation of DNA aggregates, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and gingipains in the gingival tissue, arterial wall, and brain. GV1001 attenuated the development of atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation, lipid deposition in the arterial wall, endothelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EndMT), the expression of Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) from arterial smooth muscle cells, and the formation of foam cells in mice with -induced periodontal disease. GV1001 also suppressed the accumulation of AD biomarkers in the brains of mice with periodontal disease. Overall, these findings suggest that GV1001 holds promise as a preventive agent in the development of atherosclerosis and AD-like conditions associated with periodontal disease.
Topics: Animals; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Mice; Apolipoproteins E; Periodontal Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Telomerase; Peptide Fragments; Alzheimer Disease; Periodontitis; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Male; Humans
PubMed: 38892314
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116126 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The impact of gut and oral microbiota on the clinical outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We compared the bacterial composition of...
The impact of gut and oral microbiota on the clinical outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We compared the bacterial composition of dental plaque and feces between patients with OSCC and healthy controls (HCs). Fecal and dental plaque samples were collected from 7 HCs and 18 patients with OSCC before treatment initiation. Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed. Differences in bacterial diversity between the HC and OSCC groups were examined. We compared the occupancy of each bacterial species in samples taken from patients with OSCC and HCs and analyzed the correlation between PD-L1 expression in the tumor specimens and the occupancy of each bacterial species. The gut and oral microbiota of patients with OSCC were more varied than those of HCs. and were significantly more abundant in patients with OSCC than in HCs. The abundance of subcluster XIVa in the gut microbiota of the PD-L1-positive group was significantly greater than that in the PD-L1-negative group. The oral and gut microbiomes of patients with OSCC were in a state of dysbiosis. Our results suggest the possibility of new cancer therapies targeting these disease-specific microbiomes using probiotics and synbiotics.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mouth Neoplasms; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Aged; Feces; Mouth; B7-H1 Antigen; Microbiota; Adult; Dysbiosis; Dental Plaque; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38892262
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116077 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the periodontal tissues. Although it is associated with various systemic diseases, the impact of...
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the periodontal tissues. Although it is associated with various systemic diseases, the impact of periodontitis on kidney transplantation (KT) outcomes, particularly allograft rejection, remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of periodontitis on transplant immunity, specifically examining Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS-PG). In vitro experiments revealed that LPS-PG increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Lewis rat spleen cells. In a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, concentrations of interferon-γ, indicative of alloreactivity, were lower than in controls when LPS-PG was added to the culture and when LPS-PG-administered Lewis rat spleen cells were used as responders. In a rat KT model, LPS-PG administration to recipients promoted mild tubulitis and low serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels 5 days post-KT compared with PBS-administered controls. Furthermore, LPS-PG-administered recipients had an elevated Treg proportion in their peripheral blood and spleen cells, and increased infiltrating Tregs in kidney allografts, compared with controls. The elevated Treg proportion in peripheral blood and spleen cells had a significant negative correlation with serum creatinine, suggesting elevated Tregs modulated allograft rejection. These findings suggest that periodontitis might modulate alloimmune reactivity through LPS-PG and Tregs, offering insights to refine immunosuppressive strategies for KT recipients.
Topics: Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Kidney Transplantation; Rats; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Rats, Inbred Lew; Male; Graft Rejection; Allografts; Periodontitis; Disease Models, Animal; Spleen
PubMed: 38886503
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64771-5 -
Journal of Periodontology Jun 2024Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with periodontitis, and...
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with periodontitis, and antibodies against the bacterium may be used as a serological proxy to account for periodontal status, when studying diseases associated with periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to identify an easily accessible and reliable serological biomarker for determination of periodontal status and oral carriage of the bacterium.
METHODS
Saliva and serum samples were collected from periodontally healthy controls (n = 27), and patients with periodontitis stage II (n = 12) or stages III or IV (n = 44). Serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against intact and fragmented P. gingivalis, recombinant gingipains (RgpA and RgpB), and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Capnocytophaga ochracea as controls were quantified with a multiplex bead-based assay. P. gingivalis was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
RESULTS
Serum IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria were good indicators of periodontitis (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.85). The same was observed for levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis fragments (AUC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68-0.88). Likewise, levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria or P. gingivalis fragments were good indicators of oral carriage of P. gingivalis (AUC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98 and AUC: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1, respectively). Conversely, antibodies against recombinant RgpA and RgpB were not good indicators of periodontitis or oral carriage of the bacterium. None of the antibody levels differed significantly between stage II and stage III or IV periodontitis.
CONCLUSION
Serum IgG antibody levels against heat-inactivated whole P. gingivalis proved to be the preferable biomarker for periodontitis and oral carriage of the bacterium.
PubMed: 38884611
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.23-0766 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Jun 2024The association between sleeve gastrectomy and halitosis remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on...
BACKGROUND
The association between sleeve gastrectomy and halitosis remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on halitosis and the oral bacterial species associated with halitosis in patients with obesity.
METHODS
This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study that examined patients before and after sleeve gastrectomy and followed the patients at three time intervals (1, 3, and 6 months) after sleeve gastrectomy. Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD]) were obtained. In addition, plaque samples were collected for quantification of the periodontopathogenic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, breath samples were collected to analyze the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), namely hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), via portable gas chromatography (Oral Chroma™).
RESULTS
Of the 43 patients initially included, 39 completed the study, with a mean age of 32.2 ± 10.4 years. For PI and GI repeated measurements one way analysis of variance showed a significant increase (p-value < 0.001 for both) one month after surgery, with mean values of 1.3 and 1.59, respectively, compared to the baseline. During the same period, the number of increased, with a p-value = 0.04. Similarly, the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) increased significantly in the first month after surgery (p-value = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that sleeve gastrectomy may lead to increased halitosis one month post-surgery, attributed to elevated and counts, contributing to the development of gingivitis in obese patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. This emphasizes the importance of including oral health professionals in the multidisciplinary team for the management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
PubMed: 38883904
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.04.005 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Wild bitter melon () extracts were prepared and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm assay were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria ( and ) for...
Wild bitter melon () extracts were prepared and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm assay were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria ( and ) for the first time to the best of our knowledge based on the presence of different phytochemical compounds. solvent extracts were prepared and phytochemical analysis was performed. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the standard well diffusion method. Anti-inflammatory studies on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation were performed. Molecular docking was investigated between the bioactive compound (Charantadiol A) of plant extract and biofilm-expressing genes in each test organism. Phytochemicals from ethanol extract showed promising results; alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins were found present at considerable levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 400 μg/mL for and . Antibacterial activity expressed in terms of zone of inhibition showed 14 mm to 18 mm zones against the test organisms. The molecular docking report revealed the maximum binding energy of about -6.54 Kcal/Mol of binding energy between Charantadiol A and fimA of . Anti-biofilm study showed that the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of expressed significantly good results against the test organisms. The PDL cell viability values expressed in percentage indicated the anti-inflammatory properties of extracts at three different known concentrations. The findings concluded that extracts have promising prospects as an anti-periodontopathic and anti-inflammatory agent.
PubMed: 38882883
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_512_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using...
Herbal Composite Preparation and Investigating its Efficiency to Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of and - Formulation of Mouthwash Using a Herbal Composite and Evaluating its Anti-microbial Activity.
Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using the herbal extracts of and . During the study, the following observations were noted. The minimal inhibitory concentration of and composites (WBc) was obtained for the test concentration of 20 μg/ml (16 ± 0.57 mm and 15 ± 0.75 mm of inhibitory zones against and , respectively). Biofilm inhibition assay results revealed about 0.51 ± 1.25 mg/ml and 0.53 ± 0.57 mg/ml of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) against and , respectively. The effect of WBc on lactic acid production showed that 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml concentrates reduced up to 80% and 70% in and , respectively. Formulated herbal mouthwash showed good stability under all three different test conditions (5°C, 25°C, and 40°C) as the color, odor, phase separation, and homogeneity were not changed for the period of 3 months. The anti-bacterial activity of formulated mouthwash (30 μg/ml) exhibited maximum inhibitory zones of about 18 ± 0.75 mm and 19 ± 1.05 mm against the respective test bacteria - and . Amplification of and genes showed 246 bp and 294 bp fragments of and 238 bp and 280 bp fragments of during agarose electrophoretic analysis. The docking report revealed -5.84 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found three hydrogen bonding between the quercetin and target protein, of . The target protein, of , and quercetin had -6.72 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found four hydrogen bonds between them. The developed composite could be optimized in future to develop a novel and biocompatible herbal mouthwash for the prevention of different dental caries and gingival inflammation associated with dental biofilm formation.
PubMed: 38882878
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_998_23