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Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Jun 2024Effect concentrations of ammonia, nickel, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride from short-term 7-day tests were compared to those from standard chronic 28-day...
Effect concentrations of ammonia, nickel, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride from short-term 7-day tests were compared to those from standard chronic 28-day toxicity tests with juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) to evaluate the sensitivities of the 7-day tests. The effect concentrations for nickel (59 µg Ni/L), chloride (316-519 mg Cl/L, a range from multiple tests), and potassium (15 mg K/L) obtained from the 7-day tests were within a range of effect concentrations for each corresponding chemical in the 28-day tests (41-91 µg Ni/L, 251->676 mg Cl/L, 15-23 mg K/L), whereas the 7-day ammonia effect concentration (0.40 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen; TAN) was up to 3.3-fold greater than the 28-day effect concentrations (0.12-0.36 mg TAN/L) but with overlapped 95% confidence limits. These results indicate that the 7-day tests produced similar estimates compared to the 28-day tests. Further studies are needed to evaluate the 7-day test sensitivity using additional chemicals with different modes of toxic action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-6. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
PubMed: 38887151
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5935 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024BRASH syndrome is a vicious cycle of hyperkalemia and bradycardia and is an under-recognized life-threatening clinical diagnosis. It is usually initiated by hypovolemia...
BRASH syndrome is a vicious cycle of hyperkalemia and bradycardia and is an under-recognized life-threatening clinical diagnosis. It is usually initiated by hypovolemia or hyperkalemia. We report here on the case of a 92-year-old man with hypertension and heart failure who presented to the emergency department with weakness following diarrhea. He was on amlodipine, benazepril, metoprolol, furosemide and spironolactone. The patient's blood pressure was 88/53 mmHg and the serum creatinine was 241 μmol/L. Within 2 h, the patient's heart rate decreased from 58 beats per minute to 26 beats per minute, and serum potassium levels gradually increased from 6.07 mmol/L to 7.3 mmol/L. The electrocardiogram showed a junctional escape rhythm with accidental sinus capture. The diagnosis of BRASH syndrome was made based on clinical symptoms, a biochemical profile and the results of an electrocardiogram. The patient was rapidly stabilized with the administration of intravenous calcium gluconate, dextrose and insulin, 5% sodium bicarbonate, 0.9% sodium chloride, furosemide, and oral zirconium cyclosilicate. Sinus rhythm at a heart rate of 75 bpm was detected 5 h later, along with normal serum potassium levels. After 2 weeks, kidney function returned to normal. Clinicians should be alert to patients with hyperkalemia and maintain a high index of suspicion for BRASH syndrome. Timely diagnosis and comprehensive intervention are critical for better outcomes in managing patients with BRASH.
PubMed: 38873207
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1405494 -
Water Research Jun 2024In-situ hydrogen peroxide (HO) finds applications in disinfection and oxidation processes. Photoproduction of HO from water and oxygen, avoids reliance upon organic...
In-situ hydrogen peroxide (HO) finds applications in disinfection and oxidation processes. Photoproduction of HO from water and oxygen, avoids reliance upon organic chemicals, and potentially enables smaller-sized or lower-cost reactors than electrochemical methods. In ultrapure water, we previously demonstrated a novel dual-fiber system coupling a light emitting diode (LED) with a metal-organic framework (MOF) catalyst-coated optical fiber (POF-MIL-101(Fe)) and O-based hollow-membrane fibers and achieved a remarkable HO yield, 308 ± 1.4 mM h catalyst-g. To enable HO production anywhere we sought to understand the impacts of common water quality parameters. The production of HO was not affected by added sodium, potassium, hydroxide, sulfate or nitrate ions. There was consistent performance over a wide pH range (4-10), maintaining a high production rate of 232 ± 3.5 mM h catalyst-g even at pH 10, a condition typically unfavorable for HO photoproduction. Chloride ions produced hypochlorous acid, consuming in-situ produced HO. Phosphate adsorption on the iron-based MOF catalysts blocked HO production. Inorganic carbon species inhibited HO production due to in-situ formic acid. Encouraging results were obtained using atmospheric water (i.e., condensate), with rates reaching 288 ± 6.1 mM h catalyst-g, comparable to ultrapure water. This underscores atmospheric water as a variable alternative, available in nearly all building air conditioning systems or could overcome geographical constraints, particularly in regions where obtaining pure water resources is challenging, offering a cost-effective solution. The dual-fiber reactor using atmospheric water enables high-efficiency HO production anytime and anywhere.
PubMed: 38870861
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121880 -
Food Chemistry May 2024κ-Carrageenan (CG) was employed to mask the bitterness induced by 50% KCl in surimi gels to achieve salt reduction and gel performance improvement. The combination of...
κ-Carrageenan (CG) was employed to mask the bitterness induced by 50% KCl in surimi gels to achieve salt reduction and gel performance improvement. The combination of KCl and CG (KCl + CG) yielded the increased textural characteristics and water-holding capacity (WHC) of surimi gels and facilitated the transition of free water to immobilized water. In addition, the KCl + CG supplement increased the turbidity and particle size of myofibrillar protein (MP) sols but decreased the surface hydrophobicity in a dose-dependent manner. The hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds played crucial roles in maintaining the stability of MP gels. The specific binding of potassium ions to the sulfate groups of CG limited the release and diffusion of potassium ions from the surimi gels during oral processing, effectively masking the bitterness perception and maintaining the saltiness perception. This study provides a promising strategy to reduce the utilization of sodium salt in surimi products.
PubMed: 38870800
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139859 -
Cureus May 2024The choice of irrigation fluid used in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has a significant impact on serum electrolyte levels. Among the many available...
BACKGROUND
The choice of irrigation fluid used in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has a significant impact on serum electrolyte levels. Among the many available options, 0.9% normal saline (NS) is considered to be more physiological.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This observational study was conducted on 60 adult males aged 50-70 years, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1 and 2, undergoing TURP with 0.9% NS irrigation under spinal anesthesia achieved with a mixture of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine. The patients' hematocrit and serum electrolyte levels were obtained after six hours and compared with preoperative values.
RESULTS
Hematocrit reduced from 40.32 ± 6.27 to 31.07 ± 5.40 (p < 0.001). Both serum sodium and potassium decreased from 136.77 ± 3.27 to 128.31 ± 5.91 and from 4.02 ± 0.26 to 3.81 ± 0.36, respectively (p < 0.001). However, serum chloride showed only a minimal increase from 101.58 ± 2.88 to 102.25 ± 1.66 (p < 0.12).
CONCLUSION
Although the changes in serum sodium and potassium were statistically significant, they did not have any physiological consequences in our study. However, this emphasizes the importance of vigilant electrolyte monitoring to identify and mitigate the risk of electrolyte disturbances during TURP surgeries.
PubMed: 38860064
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59976 -
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... Jun 2024A 1,1-bis(silylene)silole has been synthesised by a double salt-metathesis reaction from potassium silacyclopentadienediide, K[1], and an amidinato-stabilized silylene...
A 1,1-bis(silylene)silole has been synthesised by a double salt-metathesis reaction from potassium silacyclopentadienediide, K[1], and an amidinato-stabilized silylene chloride in a 1 : 2 ratio. The red colour of the title compound is due to the lp(Si)/π*(silole) transition. This band is bathochromically shifted compared to that of other 1,1-bissilylsiloles suggesting enhanced conjugation between the silole π-system and the newly formed Si(II)-Si(IV)-Si(II) group. The bissilylene is easily oxidised by the elemental chalcogens S, Se, and Te and forms a bissilaimide by reaction with an arylazide.
PubMed: 38855883
DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01112k -
PeerJ 2024Salt stress is one of the significant abiotic stress factors that exert harmful effects on plant growth and yield. In this study, five cultivars of mung bean ( L.) were...
Salt stress is one of the significant abiotic stress factors that exert harmful effects on plant growth and yield. In this study, five cultivars of mung bean ( L.) were treated with different concentrations of NaCl and also inoculated with a salt-tolerant bacterial strain to assess their growth and yield. The bacterial strain was isolated from the saline soil of Sahiwal District, Punjab, Pakistan and identified as . Plant growth was monitored at 15-days interval and finally harvested after 120 days at seed set. Both sodium and potassium uptake in above and below-ground parts were assessed using a flame photometer. Fresh and dry mass, number of pods, seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant and weight of 100 seeds reduced significantly as the concentration of NaCl increased from 3 to 15 dSm. There was a significant reduction in the growth and yield of plants exposed to NaCl stress without bacterial inoculum compared to the plants with bacterial inoculum. The latter plants showed a significant increase in the studied parameters. It was found that the cultivar Inqelab mung showed the least reduction in growth and yield traits among the studied cultivars, while Ramzan mung showed the maximum reduction. Among all the cultivars, maximum Na uptake occurred in roots, while the least uptake was observed in seeds. The study concludes that NaCl stress significantly reduces the growth and yield of mung bean cultivars, but inoculum alleviates salt stress. These findings will be helpful to cultivate the selected cultivars in soils with varying concentrations of NaCl.
Topics: Bacillus; Vigna; Sodium Chloride; Salt Stress; Potassium; Pakistan; Soil Microbiology; Sodium; Seeds; Plant Roots; Salt Tolerance
PubMed: 38854802
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17465 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024Cornelian cherry pomace is produced during the production of juice from this traditional superfood. Due to its high nutritive value, the by-product can be utilized as a...
Cornelian cherry pomace is produced during the production of juice from this traditional superfood. Due to its high nutritive value, the by-product can be utilized as a source of bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to develop a sustainable methodology for the recovery of bioactive compounds based on the combination of atmospheric cold plasma (CAP) with ultrasound assisted extraction. The pomace was treated with cold plasma under different conditions. Cyclodextrin was used as green extraction enhancer due to its capacity to develop inclusion complexes with bioactive compounds. CAP pretreatment before extraction appeared to enhance the recovery of the target compounds. GC-MS analysis and in vitro digestion analysis conducted in order to evaluate the composition and the protentional bioavailability of the bioactive compounds. CHEMICALS COMPOUNDS: β-cyclodextrin (PubChem CID: 444041), DPPH free radical (PubChem CID: 2735032), Trolox (PubChem CID: 40634), sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340), gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370) potassium chloride (PubChem CID: 4873), sodium acetate (PubChem CID: 517045), loganic acid (PubChem CID: 89640), pyridine (PubChem CID: 1049, BSTFA(PubChem CID: 94358), potassium chloride (PubChem CID: 4873), ammonium carbonate (PubChem CID: 517111), calcium chloride dehydrate (PubChem CID: 24844), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PubChem CID: 516951), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (PubChem CID: 24644), sodium hydrogen carbonate (PubChem CID: 516892), sodium chloride (PubChem CID: 5234).
PubMed: 38850969
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139989 -
Aging Jun 2024This meta-analysis aimed to describe the efficacy of bumetanide in improving infarct volume, brain edema, and behavioral outcomes in animal models of cerebral ischemia.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This meta-analysis aimed to describe the efficacy of bumetanide in improving infarct volume, brain edema, and behavioral outcomes in animal models of cerebral ischemia. Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception to February 2024 (INPLASY:202430023). Data on the animal species, stroke model, drug dose, time of treatment, method of administration, study quality, and outcomes were extracted and pooled in a meta-analysis. The combined standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models. Thirteen eligible studies involving >200 animals fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analyses demonstrated that bumetanide treatment significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume (SMD: -0.42; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.09; < 0.01; = 186 animals) and consistently relieved brain edema (SMD: -1.39; 95% CI: -2.06, -0.72; < 0.01; = 64 animals). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that bumetanide treatment reduced infarct volume in transient but not permanent cerebral ischemia models. When administered after the stroke, it was more effective than treatment initiation before the stroke. Eight studies assessed the effect of bumetanide on behavioral function and the results showed that bumetanide treatment significantly improved neurobehavioral deficits (SMD: -2.35; 95% CI: -2.72, -1.97; < 0.01; = 250 animals). We conclude that bumetanide appears to be effective in reducing infarct volume and brain edema and improving behavioral recovery in animal models of cerebral ischemia. This mechanism needs to be confirmed through further investigation.
Topics: Bumetanide; Animals; Ischemic Stroke; Disease Models, Animal; Brain Edema; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Neuroprotective Agents
PubMed: 38850525
DOI: 10.18632/aging.205910 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... May 2024The chemical reaction of 4-bromo-benzoyl-chloride and 2-amino-thia-zole in the presence of potassium thio-cyanate yielded a white solid formulated as CHBrNOS, which...
The chemical reaction of 4-bromo-benzoyl-chloride and 2-amino-thia-zole in the presence of potassium thio-cyanate yielded a white solid formulated as CHBrNOS, which consists of 4-bromo-benzamido and 2-benzo-thia-zolyl moieties connected by a thio-urea group. The 4-bromo-benzamido and 2-benzo-thia-zolyl moieties are in a conformtion (sometimes also called -trans due to the single bond) with respect to the N-C bond. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the 4-bromo-phenyl and the 2-benzo-thia-zolyl units is 10.45 (11)°. The thio-urea moiety, -C-NH-C(=S) -NH- fragment forms a dihedral angle of 8.64 (12)° with the 4-bromo-phenyl ring and is almost coplanar with the 2-benzo-thia-zolyl moiety, with a dihedral angle of 1.94 (11)°. The mol-ecular structure is stabilized by intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of an (6) ring. In the crystal, pairs of adjacent mol-ecules inter-act inter-molecular hydrogen bonds of type C-H⋯N, C-H⋯S and N-H⋯S, resulting in mol-ecular layers parallel to the plane.
PubMed: 38845707
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989024004742