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Biological Trace Element Research Nov 2023Lactoferrin (LCF), a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, is a crucial component in preventing potassium dichromate (PDC) toxicity. The goal of the current work was...
Lactoferrin (LCF), a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, is a crucial component in preventing potassium dichromate (PDC) toxicity. The goal of the current work was to study the potential efficacy of LCF in preventing PDC(CrVI)-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative injury in rats. Six groups of male rats of Wistar stain were randomly categorized into: group 1, which served as the control; group 2 and 3 received LCF (200 and 300 mg/kg orally, respectively); group 4 received PDC (2 mg/kg i.p.); group 5 and 6 pretreated with LCF, followed by PDC as in group 4 with 90 min apart for 28 days. PDC-intoxicated rats showed a significantly altered spermogram with abnormal sperm morphology. PDC significantly upregulated serum FSH and downregulated testosterone levels. Additionally, PDC decreased the levels of testicular key antioxidant biomarkers (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)) with elevated lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS) and testicular chromium content. Moreover, it upregulated testicular proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, induced histopathological changes in testes with significant immunohistochemical expression of FasL and moderate expression of Nrf2. Pretreatment with LCF significantly mitigated PDC-induced testicular toxicity by enhancing spermogram, improving hormonal levels, restoring testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance, and decreasing testicular IL-1, IL6, IL-10, and TNFα levels, and amending both FasL and Nrf2 immunohistochemical-expression. Additionally, LCF improved testicular histopathological picture and spermatogenesis. Our results highlight the importance of LCF as a superior protective modulator of PDC-induced testicular injury.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Testis; Antioxidants; Lactoferrin; Interleukin-10; Chromium; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Rats, Wistar; Semen; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione; Potassium Dichromate; Interleukin-1
PubMed: 36877398
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03605-3 -
Archives of Environmental &... 2023Chromium (Cr) is an environmental pollutant, has high redox potential, and can exist in various oxidation states, possibly leading to nephrotoxicity. As a potential...
Chromium (Cr) is an environmental pollutant, has high redox potential, and can exist in various oxidation states, possibly leading to nephrotoxicity. As a potential treatment option, () is an herb remedy traditionally used as a phytomedicine to cure ailments. However, efficient validation of its protective effect and molecular mechanisms has not yet been established. As such, this study aims to investigate the protective effect of against Cr-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss mice. Mice were divided into five groups: group I (negative control), group II (), group III (potassium dichromate [PDC]-treated), group IV (PDC + saline), and group V (PDC + ). Our results demonstrate that group III exhibited decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione s-transferases (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin peroxidase (TPX) levels. Meanwhile, protein carbonyl (PCO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in kidney homogenates, increasing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). This was followed by elevated NF-κB, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine serum levels in group III compared with group I. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated severe damage to the renal tubular epithelial cells, as well as marked congestion and expressions of caspase-3 and NF-κB. Further, group V showed an improvement in antioxidant activity parameters and reductions in the IL-6, caspase-3, and NF-κB expressions, followed by significant decreases in NF-κB, BUN, and creatinine serum levels. Furthermore, fewer histopathological disturbances were observed compared with untreated group III. Such alterations may be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of . Therefore, our exploration reveals that is effective in protecting against Cr-induced nephrotoxicity, and it could be applied in the future to human kidney diseases caused by environmental pollutants.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Mice; Animals; Antioxidants; Caspase 3; Cytokines; NF-kappa B; Interleukin-6; Creatinine; Rats, Wistar; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 36876577
DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2023.2185189 -
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Potassium Dichromate; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
PubMed: 36865427
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.5.2022.037 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023Daphnia magna is an important organism in ecotoxicity studies because it is sensitive to toxic substances and easy to culture in laboratory conditions. Its locomotory...
Daphnia magna is an important organism in ecotoxicity studies because it is sensitive to toxic substances and easy to culture in laboratory conditions. Its locomotory responses as a biomarker are highlighted in many studies. Over the last several years, multiple high-throughput video tracking systems have been developed to measure the locomotory responses of Daphnia magna. These high-throughput systems, used for high-speed analysis of multiple organisms, are essential for efficiently testing ecotoxicity. However, existing systems are lacking in speed and accuracy. Specifically, speed is affected in the biomarker detection stage. This study aimed to develop a faster and better high-throughput video tracking system using machine learning methods. The video tracking system consisted of a constant temperature module, natural pseudo-light, multi-flow cell, and an imaging camera for recording videos. To measure Daphnia magna movements, we developed a tracking algorithm for automatic background subtraction using k-means clustering, Daphnia classification using machine learning methods (random forest and support vector machine), and tracking each Daphnia magna location using the simple online real-time tracking algorithm. The proposed tracking system with random forest performed the best in terms of identification (ID) precision, ID recall, ID F1 measure, and ID switches, with scores of 79.64%, 80.63%, 78.73%, and 16, respectively. Moreover, it was faster than existing tracking systems such as Lolitrack and Ctrax. We conducted an experiment to observe the impact of toxicants on behavioral responses. Toxicity was measured manually in the laboratory and automatically using the high-throughput video tracking system. The median effective concentration of Potassium dichromate measured in the laboratory and using the device was 1.519 and 1.414, respectively. Both measurements conformed to the guideline provided by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States; therefore, our method can be used for water quality monitoring. Finally, we observed Daphnia magna behavioral responses in different concentrations after 0, 12, 18, and 24 h and found that there was a difference in movement according to the concentration at all hours.
Topics: United States; Animals; Daphnia; Locomotion; Algorithms; Cluster Analysis; Machine Learning
PubMed: 36864205
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27554-y -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Mar 2023Hexavalent chromium, toxic heavy metal, among the top-rated environmental contaminants, is declared a potent endocrine disruptor in humans and animals. The present study...
Hexavalent chromium, toxic heavy metal, among the top-rated environmental contaminants, is declared a potent endocrine disruptor in humans and animals. The present study was planned to find harmful effects on the reproductive system caused by Cr (VI) and the ameliorative effect of and -mediated AgNP on male mice (). In the present study, known infertility medicine, clomiphene citrate is also used as a positive control. The main objective of the present study was to assess the ameliorative potential of oral administration of a dose of 50 mg/kg BW clomiphene citrate (control), AgNP via chemical synthesis, seed extract, and -mediated AgNP against the Cr (VI) at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg BW from KCrO orally induced toxicity over eight weeks on the reproductive performance of male albino mice. mediated AgNPs were characterized by UV, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The histological analysis, smear study, antioxidant capacity test, and hormone analysis were conducted by blood samples of albino mice. Cr exposed groups showed a significant decrease in sperm head breadth (5.29 ± 0.54 µ) and length (19.54 ± 1.18 µ), middle piece length, tail length, LH (1.65 ± 0.15 ng/mL), testosterone (2.63 ± 0.29 ng/mL), SOD (61.40 ± 2.48 mmol/mL), CAT (87.40 ± 6.01 mmol/mL), GSH (1.54 ± 0.09 µmol/mL), and no of spermatogonia (1.22 ± 0.25), and spermatocytes (2.33 ± 0.943). However, FSH level (160.00 ± 4.98 ng/mL), seminiferous tubule CSA (1094.69 ± 49.76 mm), size of spermatogonia (41.30 ± 1.24 µ), and spermatocytes (26.07 ± 1.34 µ) were significantly increased. Administration of and -mediated AgNPs reduced the toxicity.
PubMed: 36860759
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103570 -
Veterinary Sciences Jan 2023spp. causes eimeriosis in the guts of numerous domestic mammals and poultry, and the employment of medication and the effects of certain aspects of synthetic...
spp. causes eimeriosis in the guts of numerous domestic mammals and poultry, and the employment of medication and the effects of certain aspects of synthetic anticoccidials in the treatment of eimeriosis have given rise to the appearance of resistant parasites that require the search for alternate remedies. Natural products, which are safe and have no negative impact on the environment, may be utilized in the therapy of an enormous range of parasitic infections. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of VVLE on the oocyst sporulation of an infection in the mouse jejunum. In addition, obtaining the ideal concentration will interrupt the parasite's life cycle and limit infection. In vitro: Collected unsporulated oocysts (1 × 10) of were given six different concentrations (/) of leaf extract (10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/mL) and toltrazuril (25 mg/mL), three replicates per group, whereas the control group received 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. In vivo: The mice were separated into six groups; the first and second groups did not receive infection, whilst the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were each given 1 × 10 sporulated oocysts of in the experiment. In addition, an oral dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg VVLE were given to the fourth and fifth groups, while the sixth group was given toltrazuril at 25 mg/kg. On the fifth day, unpopulated oocysts were collected from each mouse separately. The incubation period and treatments had considerable impacts on the rate of sporulation. The infrared spectroscopy of extract revealed many expected active classes of chemical compounds. Further, the infection of mice with caused an oocyst output of nearly 2 × 10 oocysts/g of faeces. VVLE significantly decreased the oocyst output to nearly 88%. In addition, we detected an inhibitory effect on the sporulation (%) and harm (%) of oocysts in a dosage-dependent modality compared with the control group. Furthermore, they destroyed the oocyst morphology in terms of the shape, size, and quantity of sporocysts. The results indicate that grape vines have powerful activity as anticoccidials.
PubMed: 36851401
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020097 -
Chemico-biological Interactions Apr 2023Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that can cause reproductive toxicity. However, the exact mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced testis toxicity...
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that can cause reproductive toxicity. However, the exact mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced testis toxicity remains largely elusive. This study aims to explore the possible molecular mechanism of Cr(VI)-provoked testicular toxicity. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 2, 4, or 6 mg/kg body weight/day of potassium dichromate (KCrO), respectively, for 5 weeks. The results revealed that Cr(VI)-treated rat testis presented varying degrees of damage in a dose-dependent manner. Concretely, Cr(VI) administration suppressed Sirtuin 1/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α pathway and led to mitochondrial dynamics disorder, along with the elevation of mitochondrial division and the repression of mitochondrial fusion. Meanwhile, the downstream effector of Sirt1, nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), was downregulated, and correspondingly exacerbated oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dynamics disorder and Nrf2 inhibition collectively contribute to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in testis, which further promotes apoptosis and autophagy, evidenced by dose-dependently increasing the protein levels and gene expressions of apoptosis-related (including Bcl-2-associated X protein, cytochrome c, and cleaved-caspase 3) and autophagy-related (Beclin-1, ATG4B, and ATG5). Collectively, our results demonstrate that Cr(VI) exposure induced testis apoptosis and autophagy by disrupting the balance of mitochondrial dynamics and the oxidation-reduction process in rats.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Rats, Wistar; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Testis; Chromium; Apoptosis; Autophagy
PubMed: 36849043
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110424 -
Ultrastructural Pathology Feb 2023Potassium dichromate is widely used in various laboratory and industrial applications. Vitamin C and melatonin are well-known antioxidants. Study the microscopic and...
Potassium dichromate is widely used in various laboratory and industrial applications. Vitamin C and melatonin are well-known antioxidants. Study the microscopic and morphometric alterations in the thyroid gland in adult male albino rats after the administration of potassium dichromate for successive 2 months and also to assess the possible protective effect of vitamin C versus melatonin on these changes. Sixty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four main groups. Group I (The control group). Group II received potassium dichromate (25 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection for 2 months. Group III received the same dose of potassium dichromate with vitamin C (120 mg/kg/day) orally through an intragastric intubation. Group IV received the same dose of potassium dichromate and melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) as an i.p injection. Thyroid gland samples were prepared for light and electron microscopic studies. Potassium dichromate group demonstrated congested blood vessels, follicular hyperplasia, follicular enlargement with degenerated lining cells that were exfoliated in the lumen. The parafollicular cells appeared with darkly stained nuclei. PAS reaction showed weak reaction in the colloid with an abnormal pattern of vacuolization. A highly significant increase in the percentage area of fibrosis was detected in Mallory trichrome sections. Ultrastructurally, follicular cells and parafollicular cells appeared irregular in shape with dark, small heterochromatic nuclei. Small, electron-dense granules in the parafollicular cells were found. Potassium dichromate and vitamin C-treated group III showed partial improvement of the thyroid gland. The PAS reaction showed that nearly all the follicles were more or less similar to those of the control group. A significant decrease in the percentage area of fibrosis in group III was found as compared to those in group II. Potassium dichromate and melatonin-treated group showed that the thyroid gland was nearly similar to that of the control group. Vitamin C and melatonin could partially protect against potassium dichromate induced changes in the thyroid gland and the protective effect of melatonin was better than that of vitamin C.
PubMed: 36841779
DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2178568 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences Jun 2023Hexavalent chromium (CrVI)-exposure of suckling rats has been shown to delay tooth eruption. However, the effects of CrVI-exposure on bone formation at the base of the...
OBJECTIVES
Hexavalent chromium (CrVI)-exposure of suckling rats has been shown to delay tooth eruption. However, the effects of CrVI-exposure on bone formation at the base of the alveolus, which provides a motive force for tooth eruption in the early stages of the process, remain unknown. The present work sought to evaluate the effect of CrVI-exposure on bone formation at the base of the alveolus during the intraosseous stage of tooth eruption in suckling rats, using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical studies.
METHODS
Experimental animals received 12.5 mg/kg-bw/day of potassium dichromate dissolved in saline solution by gavage starting on day 4 of the experiment; controls similarly received an equivalent volume of saline. All the animals were euthanized at the age of 9 days. The base of the developing alveolus at the level of the mesial root of the first lower molar was analyzed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically. Data were statistically analyzed using student's t-test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
CrVI-exposed animals showed lower bone volume and height at the base of the alveolus, a significant preponderance of bone rest on the surface adjacent to the dental follicle, and a significantly lower percentage of positive Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2+) osteoblasts and a significantly higher number of mesenchymal-like RUNX2+ cells at the latter site.
CONCLUSION
CrVI-exposure during lactation affects bone formation at the base of the developing alveolus, delaying tooth eruption. These findings underscore the importance of controlling drinking water levels of toxic substances since their effects can alter the growth and development of individuals exposed during early childhood.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Rats; Humans; Animals; Tooth Eruption; Osteogenesis; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Chromium
PubMed: 36822318
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.02.003 -
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Mar 2023Recent studies have shown that Cr uses other element transporters such as phosphate transporters to enter cells. The aim of this work is to explore the interaction...
Recent studies have shown that Cr uses other element transporters such as phosphate transporters to enter cells. The aim of this work is to explore the interaction between dichromate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the plant of Vicia faba L. To study this interaction, we used three concentrations of Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (KHPO) 10 mM (Pi10), 50 mM (Pi50) and 100 mM (Pi100) added alone or in combination with potassium dichromate (KCrO) Cr + Pi10, Cr + Pi50 and Cr + Pi100. In order to investigate the impact of this interaction on morpho-physiological parameters, the biomass, chlorophyll content, proline level, HO level, Catalase and Ascorbate peroxidase activity and Cr-bioaccumulation has been determined. For the molecular scale, the theoretical chemistry was used via molecular docking to explore the various interactions between dichromate CrO/HPO/HOP and the phosphate-transporter. We have selected the eukaryotic phosphate transporter (PDB: 7SP5) as the module. The results showed that KCrO negatively affects morpho-physiological parameters and generates oxidative damage (+84% HO than the control), which involved the production of antioxidant enzymes (+147% Catalase and +176% Ascorbate-peroxidase) and Proline (+108%). The addition of Pi improved the growth of Vicia faba L. and induces the partial restoration of the parameters affected by Cr (VI) to the normal levels. Also, it decreased oxidative damage and reduce Cr (VI) bioaccumulation in shoots and roots. Molecular docking has shown that the dichromate structure is more compatible and establishes more bonds with the Pi-transporter which generates a very stable complex compared to HPO/HOP. Overall, these results confirmed that there is a strong relationship between dichromate uptake and the Pi-transporter.
Topics: Catalase; Vicia faba; Molecular Docking Simulation; Hydrogen Peroxide; Antioxidants; Oxidative Stress; Proline
PubMed: 36809730
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.029