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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jul 2024Personal thermal management technology, which adjusts the heat exchange between the human body and the environment, can passively heat or cool the body to maintain a...
Personal thermal management technology, which adjusts the heat exchange between the human body and the environment, can passively heat or cool the body to maintain a comfortable core temperature, thereby enhancing comfort and reducing energy consumption. However, most existing personal thermal management materials have static properties, such as fixed solar reflectance and infrared emissivity, which do not support real-time dynamic temperature regulation. Moreover, sweat accumulation on the skin surface, while contributing to temperature regulation, can significantly reduce comfort. This study constructs a unidirectional moisture-permeable intelligent thermal management fabric system to achieve superior thermal and moisture comfort in complex environments. The fabric incorporates thermochromic microcapsules into PAN nanofibers by using electrospinning technology for intelligent thermal management. Subsequent hydrophobic treatment of the fiber film surface imparts the fabric with unidirectional wetting properties. The nanofibrous structure provides intrinsic elasticity and breathability. In heating mode, the fabric's average sunlight reflectance is 42.1%, which increases to 82.2% in cooling mode, resulting in a reflectance difference of approximately 40%. The hydrophobic treatment endows the fabric with excellent moisture absorption and perspiration properties, demonstrated by a unidirectional moisture transport index of 696.63 and a perspiration evaporation rate of 5.88 mg/min. When the fabric temperature matches the ambient temperature, the photothermal conversion power difference of the Janus metafabric in two modes reaches 248.37 W m. Additionally, Janus metafabrics show the potential for temperature-responsive design and repeated writing applications. The outstanding wearability and dynamic spectral properties of these metafabrics open new pathways for sustainable energy, smart textiles, and thermal-moisture comfort applications.
PubMed: 38966874
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06170 -
Pediatrics Jul 2024Pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in the United States are facing a rise in the number of children and adolescents who present with opioid use disorder (OUD), often...
Pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in the United States are facing a rise in the number of children and adolescents who present with opioid use disorder (OUD), often driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl. Medication treatment of pediatric OUD in the ED setting is often limited to symptomatic treatment of opioid withdrawal. Pediatric patients are rarely offered medications for OUD, especially in the ED setting. Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist that is Food and Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of OUD in patients aged 16 years and older. Adult studies have demonstrated that ED initiation of medication for OUD such as buprenorphine is feasible, safely treats withdrawal symptoms, and can improve patient compliance with outpatient follow-up. However, initiation of buprenorphine in the ED has not been well-studied in the pediatric population. We present 2 cases of adolescent patients, a 16-year-old male and 17-year-old female, who presented to the ED with opioid withdrawal. They were both diagnosed with severe OUD because of their use of counterfeit pills containing fentanyl. Both patients were successfully started on buprenorphine/naloxone in the pediatric ED before transitioning to an outpatient addiction clinic for continued treatment. The case series demonstrates the feasibility of ED-based buprenorphine initiation for adolescents, an important and timely intervention for adolescents with OUD.
PubMed: 38966873
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2024-066226 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jul 2024Mechanochromic functionality realized via the force-responsive mechanophores in polymers has great potential for damage sensing and information storage. Mechanophores...
Mechanochromic functionality realized via the force-responsive mechanophores in polymers has great potential for damage sensing and information storage. Mechanophores with the ability to recognize multiple stimuli for tunable chromic characteristics are highly sought after for versatile sensing ability and color programmability. Nevertheless, the majority of mechanophores are based on single-component chromophores with limited sensitivity, or require additional fabrication technology for multi-modal chromism. Here, we report a novel multifunctional mechanophore capable of vividly detectable and tunable mechanochromism in polymers. This synergistic optical coupling relies on strategically fusing rhodamine and spiropyran (Rh-SP), and tethering polymer chains on both subunits. The mechanochromic behaviors of the Rh-SP-linked polymers under sonication and compression are thoroughly evaluated in response to changes in force and the light-controlled relaxation process. Non-sequential ring-opening of the two subunits under force is identified, endowing high-contrast mechanochromism. Light-induced differential ring-closing reactions of the two subunits, together with the acidichromism of the SP moiety, are employed to engineer elastomers with programmable and wide-spectrum colors. Our work presents an effective strategy for highly appreciable and regulable mechanochromic functionality, and also provides new insights into the rupture mechanisms of π-fused mechanophores, as well as how the stimuli history controls stress accumulation in polymers.
PubMed: 38966872
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411629 -
Journal of Extracellular Biology Jul 2024Analysis of single extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to yield valuable label-free information on their morphological structure, biomarkers and therapeutic...
Analysis of single extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to yield valuable label-free information on their morphological structure, biomarkers and therapeutic targets, though such analysis is hindered by the lack of reliable and quantitative measurements of the mechanical properties of these compliant nanoscale particles. The technical challenge in mechanical property measurements arises from the existing tools and methods that offer limited throughput, and the reported elastic moduli range over several orders of magnitude. Here, we report on a flow-based method complemented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging to provide a high throughput, whole EV deformation analysis for estimating the mechanical properties of liposarcoma-derived EVs as a function of their size. Our study includes extracting morphological data of EVs from a large dataset of 432 TEM images, with images containing single to multiple EVs, and implementing the thin-shell deformation theory. We estimated the elastic modulus, = 0.16 ± 0.02 MPa (mean±SE) for small EVs (sEVs; 30-150 nm) and = 0.17 ± 0.03 MPa (mean±SE) for large EVs (EVs; >150 nm). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the mechanical property estimation of LPS-derived EVs and has the potential to establish a relationship between EV size and EV mechanical properties.
PubMed: 38966868
DOI: 10.1002/jex2.158 -
Horticulture Research Jul 2024Avocado ( Mill.) is an economically valuable plant because of the high fatty acid content and unique flavor of its fruits. Its fatty acid content, especially the...
A telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome assembly of avocado provides useful resources for identifying genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis and disease resistance.
Avocado ( Mill.) is an economically valuable plant because of the high fatty acid content and unique flavor of its fruits. Its fatty acid content, especially the relatively high unsaturated fatty acid content, provides significant health benefits. We herein present a telomere-to-telomere gapless genome assembly (841.6 Mb) of West Indian avocado. The genome contains 40 629 predicted protein-coding genes. Repeat sequences account for 57.9% of the genome. Notably, all telomeres, centromeres, and a nucleolar organizing region are included in this genome. Fragments from these three regions were observed via fluorescence hybridization. We identified 376 potential disease resistance-related nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes. These genes, which are typically clustered on chromosomes, may be derived from gene duplication events. Five genes (, , , , and ) were highly expressed in leaves, stems, and fruits, indicating they may be involved in avocado disease responses in multiple tissues. We also identified 128 genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and analyzed their expression patterns in leaves, stems, and fruits. , which encodes one of 11 stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturases mediating C18 unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, was more highly expressed in the leaves than in the stems and fruits. These findings provide valuable insights that enhance our understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis in avocado.
PubMed: 38966866
DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae119 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2024Domination is an important factor in determining the robustness of a graph structure. A thorough examination of the graph's topological structure is necessary for...
Domination is an important factor in determining the robustness of a graph structure. A thorough examination of the graph's topological structure is necessary for analyzing and examining it for various aspects. Understanding the stability of a chemical compound is a significant criterion in chemistry, which necessitates conducting numerous experimental tests. The domination number and power domination number are pivotal in defining a wide range of physical properties, which include physiochemical properties, thermodynamic properties, chemical activities, and biological activities. The one-pentagonal carbon nanocone (1-PCNC) is a member of the carbon nanocone family and has a structure similar to that of honeycomb networks, which are renowned for their robustness. In this paper, we find the domination number and power domination number of 1-PCNC by considering it as an (-1)-layered infinite graph.
PubMed: 38966861
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1423055 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2024In this study, phosphoric acid activation was employed to synthesize nitrogen-doped mesoporous activated carbon (designated as MR1) from (shiitake mushroom) residue,...
In this study, phosphoric acid activation was employed to synthesize nitrogen-doped mesoporous activated carbon (designated as MR1) from (shiitake mushroom) residue, while aiming to efficiently remove acetaminophen (APAP), carbamazepine (CBZ), and metronidazole (MNZ) from aqueous solutions. We characterized the physicochemical properties of the produced adsorbents using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). MR1, MR2, and MR3 were prepared using phosphoric acid impregnation ratios of 1, 2, and 3 mL/g, respectively. Notably, MR1 exhibited a significant mesoporous structure with a volume of 0.825 cm/g and a quaternary nitrogen content of 2.6%. This endowed MR1 with a high adsorption capacity for APAP, CBZ, and MNZ, positioning it as a promising candidate for water purification applications. The adsorption behavior of the contaminants followed the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting a multilayer adsorption process. Notably, MR1 showed excellent durability and recyclability, maintaining 95% of its initial adsorption efficiency after five regeneration cycles and indicating its potential for sustainable use in water treatment processes.
PubMed: 38966860
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1419287 -
International Journal For Parasitology.... Aug 2024The wild boar, an impactful invasive species in Brazil, is subject to population control activities, which often include the use of hunting dogs. Hunters commonly...
The wild boar, an impactful invasive species in Brazil, is subject to population control activities, which often include the use of hunting dogs. Hunters commonly consume wild boar meat, which is also used to feed their dogs, posing a risk of infection for humans and both and for dogs. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infection in wild boars (n = 127) and hunting dogs (n = 73) from São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná states. We employed histopathological, serological (indirect fluorescent antibody test), and molecular techniques (endpoint polymerase chain reaction). Histopathology slides of wild boar tissue (central nervous system, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lymph nodes, and thyroid) sections revealed no or cysts (0/47). Antibodies anti- were detected in 35/108 (32.4%) and anti- in 45/108 (41.7%) wild boars. Only 2/18 (11.1%) wild boar tissue homogenate samples tested positive for on endpoint PCR. Hunting dogs showed antibodies against in 62/73 (85%) and against in 31/73 (42%). The presence of antibodies against and in wild boars and hunting dogs, along with DNA detection in wild boars, indicates the circulation of these parasites. Educating hunters on preventing these foodborne diseases, including zoonotic risks, is crucial.
PubMed: 38966859
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100951 -
International Journal For Parasitology.... Aug 2024Platypuses are the world's most evolutionarily distinct mammal and have several host-specific ecto- and endoparasites. With platypus populations declining, consideration...
Applying a modified streamlined disease risk analysis framework to a platypus conservation translocation, with special consideration for the conservation of ecto- and endoparasites.
Platypuses are the world's most evolutionarily distinct mammal and have several host-specific ecto- and endoparasites. With platypus populations declining, consideration should also be given to preserving these high conservation priority parasites alongside their charismatic host. A disease risk analysis (DRA) was performed for a platypus conservation translocation, using a modified streamlined methodology that incorporated a parasite conservation framework. DRA frameworks rarely consider parasite conservation. Rather, parasites are typically considered myopically in terms of the potential harm they may cause their host. To address this, a previously proposed parasite conservation framework was incorporated into an existing streamlined DRA methodology. Incorporation of the two frameworks was achieved readily, although there is opportunity for further refinement of this process. This DRA is significant as it is the first performed for any monotreme species, and implements the emerging approach of balancing the health and disease risk of the host with parasite conservation.
PubMed: 38966858
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100948 -
Journal of Abdominal Wall Surgery : JAWS 2024Our study addresses the gap in ventral hernia repair literature, regarding the long-term effectiveness of robotic transabdominal retrorectus umbilical prosthetic repair...
BACKGROUND
Our study addresses the gap in ventral hernia repair literature, regarding the long-term effectiveness of robotic transabdominal retrorectus umbilical prosthetic repair (r-TARUP) for primary and incisional ventral hernias. This study aimed to report the 3-year recurrence rates and overall patient outcomes including quality of life.
METHOD
A retrospective review of prospective collected data analyzed 101 elective r-TARUP patients from August 2018 to January 2022. Data collected included demographics, hernia sizes, mesh types, postoperative outcomes and the European Hernia Society Quality of Life questionnaire (EuraHS-QoL) before and after surgery.
RESULTS
The average age of the group of patients was 53, having a mean body mass index (BMI) of 32 kg/m, with 54% incisional and 46% primary hernias, with mean length and width of 4.4 cm and 6.1 cm, utilizing synthetic 58% and bioabsorbable 42% mesh types. The majority were classified as Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) class I wounds. Postoperative complications included seroma (2%), hematoma (3%), which required surgical intervention, with no significant correlation to mesh type. A strong positive correlation was found between Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) and increased length of hospital stay (correlation coefficient: 0.731, 0.001). Preoperative quality of life assessments demonstrated statistically significant improvements when compared to postoperative assessments at 3 years, with a mean (±SD) of 61.61 ± 5.29 vs. 13.84 ± 2.6 ( 0.001). Mean follow up of 34.4 months with no hernia recurrence at 1 year and 3 recurrence at the 2-3 years follow up (3.2%).
CONCLUSION
The r-TARUP technique has proven to be safe and effective for repairing primary and incisional ventral hernias, with a low recurrence rate during this follow up period with a noticeable improvement in quality of life (QoL).
PubMed: 38966856
DOI: 10.3389/jaws.2024.12907