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Cirugia Y Cirujanos 2021To analyze a medical prescription from the 18th century in the New Kingdom of Granada, nowadays Colombia, used in the treatment of soft tissue injuries, specifically... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To analyze a medical prescription from the 18th century in the New Kingdom of Granada, nowadays Colombia, used in the treatment of soft tissue injuries, specifically wounds and skin ulcers.
METHOD
A documentary search was conducted in the Cipriano Rodríguez Santamaria Historical Archive of the Octavio Arizmendi Posada Library, at Universidad de La Sabana (Chía, Colombia), and a review of the literature available in electronic databases.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
The colonial medical prescription mentions the benefits of lead acetate in poultice for inflammatory processes in general and skin alterations. However, its use is not recommended due to its potential cytotoxic effect at tissue level in various organs.
Topics: Humans; Plant Extracts; Prescriptions
PubMed: 33498064
DOI: 10.24875/CIRU.20000745 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Apr 2021The genus Lilium (family Liliaceae) is native to China and is mainly distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere such as Eastern Asia, Europe, and... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The genus Lilium (family Liliaceae) is native to China and is mainly distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere such as Eastern Asia, Europe, and North America. There are about 109 species of this genus and 55 species in China. In America, the bulbs were used as food. In Europe, the petals and bulbs of Lilium candidum uesd as pectoral poultices, wound-healing remedy and a treatment for mastitis and shingles, the bulbs of L. martagon were used to treat every liver disease. In India, the bulbs are used medicinally as galactagogue, expectorant, aphrodisiac, diuretic, antipyretic and revitalizing tonic. In Asia, bulbs of this genus are often used to treat coughs, lung diseases, burns and swellings.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of this work was to summarize traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, which provided a theoretical basis for the further study of Lilium plants and their applications in medicine, food and other industries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Online scientific databases including Science Direct, American chemical society (ACS), Wiley Online Library, the Web of Science, China national knowledge internet (CNKI) and others were searched to identify eligible studies. More data were obtained from other Chinese medicine books.
RESULTS
The literature survey revealed diverse traditional uses of the genus Lilium, mainly for the treatment of lung deficiency, hemostasis, anxiety, palpitations, asthma and vomiting. Over 180 compounds have been isolated and identified from the genus Lilium, including steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, phenolic glycerides, flavonoids and alkaloids. Different extracts and monomer compounds were so far evaluated for number of pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antidepressant and hepatoprotective activities.
CONCLUSIONS
Lilium spp. are of much significance as ornamental flowers, but also have potential to treat various diseases, especially anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, most of the studies on pharmacological effects are still in in vitro, and further studies on mechanism-based pharmacological activities in vivo and in vitro are needed in the future. At present, there are limited researches on its safety and toxicological effects, which should be further explored.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lilium; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Structures
PubMed: 33485985
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113852 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021Infusions and poultices prepared from the aerial parts of Kunth (Asteraceae) are widely used in Oaxaca (Mexico) for relieving painful and inflammatory complaints....
Infusions and poultices prepared from the aerial parts of Kunth (Asteraceae) are widely used in Oaxaca (Mexico) for relieving painful and inflammatory complaints. Therefore, the antinociceptive potential of an aqueous extract (31.6-316 mg/kg, p.o.) and essential oil (30-177 µg/paw, i.pl.) of the plant was assessed using the formalin test. Both preparations inhibited the formalin-induced nociception response (100-316 mg/kg and 100-177 µg/paw, respectively) during the test's second phase. Chemical analysis of the aqueous extract revealed that the major active components were chlorogenic acid (), 3,4-di--()-caffeoylquinic acid (), 3,5-di--()-caffeoylquinic acid (), 4,5-di--()-caffeoylquinic acid (), 3,5-di--()-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (), apigenin (), genkwanin (), acacetin (). Compounds - and are new for . A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for quantifying chlorogenic acid () and di-caffeoylquinic acids - in the plant was developed and validated. Analyses of the essential oil and the headspace solid-phase microextraction products, via gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealed that the major volatiles were β-pinene, myrcene, D-limonene, β-caryophyllene, and α-caryophyllene, which have demonstrated antinociceptive properties.
PubMed: 33429861
DOI: 10.3390/plants10010116 -
Critical Military Studies Oct 2019The subject of British military medicine during the First World War has long been a fruitful one for historians of gender. From the bodily inspection of recruits and...
The subject of British military medicine during the First World War has long been a fruitful one for historians of gender. From the bodily inspection of recruits and conscripts through the expanding roles of women as medical care providers to the physical and emotional aftermath of conflict experienced by men suffering from war-related wounds and illness, the medical history of the war has shed important light on how the war shaped British masculinities and femininities as cultural, subjective and embodied identities. Much of this literature has, however, focused on the gendered identities of female nurses and sick and wounded servicemen. Increasingly, however, more complex understandings of the ways in which medical caregiving in wartime shaped the gender identities of male caregivers are starting to emerge. This article explores some of these emerging understandings of the masculinity of male medical caregivers, and their relationship to the wider literature around the complex and sometimes contradictory relationship between warfare and medicine. It examines the ways in which the masculine identity of male medical caregivers from the ranks of the Royal Army Medical Corps, namely stretcher bearers and medical orderlies, was perceived and represented both by the men themselves and those they cared for. In doing so it argues that total war played a crucial role in shaping social and cultural perceptions of caregiving as a gendered practice. It also identifies particular tensions between continuity and change in social understandings of medical care as a gendered practice which would continue to shape twentieth-century British society in the war's aftermath.
PubMed: 32984444
DOI: 10.1080/23337486.2019.1677040 -
F1000Research 2020Enveloped viruses such as SAR-CoV-2 are sensitive to heat and are destroyed by temperatures tolerable to humans. All mammals use fever to deal with infections and heat... (Review)
Review
Enveloped viruses such as SAR-CoV-2 are sensitive to heat and are destroyed by temperatures tolerable to humans. All mammals use fever to deal with infections and heat has been used throughout human history in the form of hot springs, saunas, hammams, steam-rooms, sweat-lodges, steam inhalations, hot mud and poultices to prevent and treat respiratory infections and enhance health and wellbeing. This paper reviews the evidence for using heat to treat and prevent viral infections and discusses potential cellular, physiological and psychological mechanisms of action. In the initial phase of infection, heat applied to the upper airways can support the immune system's first line of defence by supporting muco-ciliary clearance and inhibiting or deactivating virions where they first lodge. This may be further enhanced by the inhalation of steam containing essential oils with anti-viral, mucolytic and anxiolytic properties. Heat applied to the whole body can further support the immune system's second line of defence by mimicking fever and activating innate and acquired immune defences and building physiological resilience. Heat-based treatments also offer psychological benefits and enhanced mental wellness by focusing attention on positive action, enhancing relaxation and sleep, inducing 'forced-mindfulness', and invoking the power of positive thinking and 'remembered wellness'. Heat is a cheap, convenient and widely accessible therapeutic modality and while no clinical protocols exist for using heat to treat COVID-19, protocols that draw from traditional practices and consider contraindications, adverse effects and infection control measures could be developed and implemented rapidly and inexpensively on a wide scale. While there are significant challenges in implementing heat-based therapies during the current pandemic, these therapies present an opportunity to integrate natural medicine, conventional medicine and traditional wellness practices, and support the wellbeing of both patients and medical staff, while building community resilience and reducing the likelihood and impact of future pandemics.
Topics: Humans; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Hot Temperature; Hyperthermia, Induced; Oils, Volatile; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Steam
PubMed: 32742639
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.23299.2 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Nov 2020Epilobium species are generally known as "Yakı Otu" in Turkey, which mens "plaster herb" in English. Young shoots of Epilobium angustifolium L., Epilobium stevenii...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Epilobium species are generally known as "Yakı Otu" in Turkey, which mens "plaster herb" in English. Young shoots of Epilobium angustifolium L., Epilobium stevenii Boiss., and Epilobium hirsutum L. are consumed as salad or meal. These species have been used as a poultice for the treatment of mouth wounds in traditional medicine. An ointment prepared from leaves is used for skin disorders in children.
AIM OF THE STUDY
We aimed to evaluate the ethnopharmacological use of Epilobium angustifolium, E. stevenii, and E. hirsutum by using in vivo and in vitro experimental models, and to identify the active wound-healer compound(s) and to explain the probable mechanism of the wound-healing activity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Evaluation of wound healing effects of plant extracts was performed in rats and mice by linear incision and circular excision wound models. Determination of total phenolic constituents and antioxidant capacities, which are known to promote the wound healing process, were carried out through Folin-Ciocalteau method and 2,2 Diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay as well as determination of total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) on the treated tissues. The active ethyl acetate (EtOAc) sub-extract of E. angustifolium was fractionated by different chromatographic separation techniques. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated via detailed analyzes (NMR and LC/MS). In addition, in vitro collagenase, hyaluronidase, and elastase enzymes inhibitory activity tests were performed on the isolated compounds to discover the activation pathways of the samples.
RESULTS
Among the methanol (MeOH) extracts, E. angustifolium had the highest wound healing activity. Among the sub-extracts, EtOAc showed the highest wound healing activity. Thus, EtOAc sub-extract was subjected to chromatography to isolate the active compounds. Five known flavonoids namely hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside) (1), kaempferol (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamno pyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamno pyranoside (4), and quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabino pyranoside (5) were isolated from the EtOAc sub-extract of E. angustifolium. In vitro tests showed that hyperoside could be the compound responsible for the wound-healing activity by its significant anti-hyaluronidase, anti-collagenase, and antioxidant activities.
CONCLUSION
The EtOAc sub-extract of the aerial part of Epilobium angustifolium displayed remarkable wound-healing activity with anti-hyaluronidase, anti-collagenase, and antioxidant activities. Hyperoside was detected as the primary active compound of the aerial parts. According to the results, we suggest that EtOAc sub-extract of E. angustifolium and hyperoside may be a potent nominee to be used for the improvement of a wound-healing agent.
Topics: Animals; Epilobium; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32730870
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113207 -
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2021Human skin is considered as the first line of defense and barrier against the majority of infections caused through the skin that affect humans. Healthy skin promotes a... (Review)
Review
Human skin is considered as the first line of defense and barrier against the majority of infections caused through the skin that affect humans. Healthy skin promotes a healthy body that can be achieved with the usage of modern, allopathic and natural remedies. Major skin ailments affecting humans are skin cancers, eczema, herpes infection, fungal infection, anti-aging, itching, insect bites, pemphigus vulgaris, trauma, psoriasis, athlete's foot infections, rashes, skin pigmentation, acne, major and minor wound infections that are slowly becoming a burden on health care. Skin infections can be treated from sources that originate from animals and plants. In spite of advancements in science and technology, the emergence of natural herbal remedies for managing skin disorders has become a pivotal and essential contributor in treating skin infections due to increased demand for herbals and their lower price, and continuous adverse effects of modern medicines. In the recent era, herbal extracts and their phytomedicines have made a vital contribution to human health care. Herbal products nowadays are considered as a single line of treatment for many diseases like Cancers, Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Brain disorders, thereby creating awareness regarding purity, efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for health care management. Many therapeutically active natural herbal resources like Aloe, Neem, Liquorice, Tulsi, Amla, Papaya, Ginger and Eucalyptus are potent and safe in the treatment of dermatological infections. This review article summarizes the significance of herbal plants for protecting, treating and minimizing skin infections through the utility of herbal pharmaceuticals like creams, decocted extracts, poultice, paste and lotions that aid in the treatment of skin infections and diseases at a relatively lower cost with lesser side effects as compared to modern and allopathic medicines.
Topics: Animals; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32568024
DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200622142710 -
The American Journal of Nursing Mar 2020Editor's note: From its first issue in 1900 through to the present day, AJN has unparalleled archives detailing nurses' work and lives over more than a century. These...
Editor's note: From its first issue in 1900 through to the present day, AJN has unparalleled archives detailing nurses' work and lives over more than a century. These articles not only chronicle nursing's growth as a profession within the context of the events of the day, but they also reveal prevailing societal attitudes about women, health care, and human rights. Today's nursing school curricula rarely include nursing's history, but it's a history worth knowing. To this end, From the AJN Archives highlights articles selected to fit today's topics and times.In this month's article, from the May 1925 issue, nurse Ellen G. Dawson from Evanston Hospital in Illinois presents three case studies as evidence for a new use for immobilizing traction: the treatment of osteoarthritis. The protocol includes the use of traction for days or weeks, hot fomentations (poultices) applied to the skin over the painful joint, and a body cast (for back pain) or leg cast (for knee pain) worn for an extended period afterward. If the joint pain was severe, a lotion made from tinctures of opium and arnica, witch hazel, and lead water was also applied. The author notes, "We could cite case after case, with varying lengths of time, where the results have been equally gratifying."Today, nurses are involved in more formal arthritis research. In this issue, So-Hyun Park and Shiela M. Strauss examine the impact of arthritis on recommended physical activity in their original research article, "Arthritis-Related Functional Limitations and Inadequate Physical Activity Among Female Adult Cancer Survivors."
Topics: Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Traction
PubMed: 32079801
DOI: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000656356.44155.63 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jan 2020Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) suffer from a degenerative disease that causes several physical disabilities and pain. Despite the few studies involving exercise... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) suffer from a degenerative disease that causes several physical disabilities and pain. Despite the few studies involving exercise combined with geotherapy (a therapy using poultices made from earth materials such as clay or mud) for patients with OA, this subject is still under debate, as effect of the earth material remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare pain, joint stiffness and disability in patients who underwent kinesiotherapy (K) or geotherapy combined with kinesiotherapy (GK).
METHOD
This was a clinical randomized single-blinded prospective study, in which 48 individuals participated. Volunteers were evaluated for pain perception, pressure pain tolerance thresholds, and responded to questionnaires about pain, joint stiffness and physical disability (WOMAC) and about symptoms and disability (Lequesne Algofunctional Index). Patients in K group underwent 15 twice-weekly sessions of kinesiotherapy consisting of stretching and strengthening exercises for lower limbs. GK patients received a poultice of powder dolomite mixed with hot water on the knees for 25 min before each of the 15 sessions of the same kinesiotherapy program.
RESULTS
Both interventions were effective in reducing pain, joint stiffness and physical disability (p < 0.001), and in increasing pressure pain thresholds (p < 0.05); however, patients who underwent GK presented a more pronounced reduction in pain perception (p = 0.006) than those in K group. They also exhibited more tolerance to pain in all sites evaluated.
CONCLUSION
Both interventions were effective in reducing pain, joint stiffness and physical disability, but GK produced significantly better results in pain perception.
Topics: Arthralgia; Combined Modality Therapy; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Kinesiology, Applied; Male; Middle Aged; Mud Therapy; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pain Measurement; Prospective Studies; Range of Motion, Articular; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31987566
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.05.032