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Cureus Jun 2022A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. Vitals, laboratory findings, and chest X-ray revealed concern for tension...
A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. Vitals, laboratory findings, and chest X-ray revealed concern for tension empyema. Thoracostomy was performed, and hemodynamics subsequently improved. Later, was cultured. This is the first known reported case of tension empyema.
PubMed: 35832761
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25853 -
PeerJ 2022Primary dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease among preschool children, which can cause severe damage to teeth and even affect the mental well-being of...
BACKGROUND
Primary dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease among preschool children, which can cause severe damage to teeth and even affect the mental well-being of children. Various studies have demonstrated that the oral microbiome plays a pivotal role in the onset and development of dental caries. However, it remains uncertain about the key microbial markers associated with caries, owing to the limited evidence.
METHODS
Fifteen S-ECC children and fifteen healthy controls were selected from three-year-old children in this study. Their clinical data and oral saliva samples were collected. Shotgun sequencing was conducted to investigate the microbial differences and the relevant functions between the two groups.
RESULTS
We observed no apparent difference in oral microbial community diversity between the two groups. Still, at the genus/species levels, several characteristic genera/species such as , and increased significantly in S-ECC children, compared with the oral health group. Furthermore, we found that functional pathways involving glycolysis and acid production, such as starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, were prominently up-regulated in the high-caries group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that dental caries in children were associated with the alterations in the oral microbiota at the composition and functional levels, which may potentially inspire the exploration of microbial diagnosis or therapeutic treatments.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Actinomyces; Microbiota
PubMed: 35669952
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13529 -
Cureus Jan 2022Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) have an increased risk for various types of local and systemic infections including necrotizing fasciitis (NF), which is a...
Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) have an increased risk for various types of local and systemic infections including necrotizing fasciitis (NF), which is a life-threatening bacterial soft tissue infection that requires a prompt diagnosis and treatment. is a part of the species, which are obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative rods related to genus and often implicated in periodontal and dental disease, but have been associated with soft tissue infections and other systemic complications such as cerebral abscess and endocarditis. This case reports a 30-year-old female IVDU who presented with necrotizing fasciitis of the right anterior thigh with associated right knee septic arthritis due to . The patient was treated with emergent irrigation and radical debridement along with IV antibiotic treatment for eight weeks. A review of literature was performed regarding necrotizing fasciitis caused by species. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by species is rare; however, there must be a high index of suspicion among IVDUs to allow for a prompt diagnosis and treatment.
PubMed: 35145805
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20901 -
Radiation Research Feb 2022Microbiota can both negatively and positively impact radiation-induced bone loss. Our prior research showed that compared to mice with conventional gut microbiota (CM),...
Microbiota can both negatively and positively impact radiation-induced bone loss. Our prior research showed that compared to mice with conventional gut microbiota (CM), mice with restricted gut microbiota (RM) reduced inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in bone marrow, interleukin (IL)-17 in blood, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) in bone marrow under anti-IL-17 treatment. We showed that Muribaculum intestinale was more abundant in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from the small intestine of female RM mice and positively associated with augmented skeletal bone structure. Female C57BL/6J pun RM mice, which were injected with anti-IL-17 antibody one day before exposure to 1.5 Gy 28Si ions of 850 MeV/u, showed high trabecular numbers in tibiae at 6 weeks postirradiation. Irradiated CM mice were investigated for lower interferon-γ and IL-17 levels in the small intestine than RM mice. IL-17 blockage resulted in bacterial indicator phylotypes being different between both microbiota groups before and after irradiation. Analysis of the fecal bacteria were performed in relation to bone quality and body weight, showing reduced tibia cortical thickness in irradiated CM mice (-15%) vs. irradiated RM mice (-9.2%). Correlation analyses identified relationships among trabecular bone parameters (TRI-BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp) and Bacteroides massiliensis, Muribaculum sp. and Prevotella denticola. Turicibacter sp. was found directly correlated with trabecular separation in anti-IL-17 treated mice, whereas an unidentified Bacteroidetes correlated with trabecular thickness in anti-IL-17 neutralized and radiation-exposed mice. We demonstrated radiation-induced osteolytic damage to correlate with bacterial indicator phylotypes of the intestinal microbiota composition, and these relationships were determined from the previously discovered dose-dependent particle radiation effects on cell proliferation in bone tissue. New translational approaches were designed to investigate dynamic changes of gut microbiota in correlation with conditions of treatment and disease as well as mechanisms of systemic side-effects in radiotherapy.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 35130347
DOI: 10.1667/RADE-21-00065.1 -
Microorganisms Jul 2021Antimicrobial surface modifications are required to prevent biomaterial-associated biofilm infections, which are also a major concern for oral implants. The aim of this...
Antimicrobial surface modifications are required to prevent biomaterial-associated biofilm infections, which are also a major concern for oral implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different coatings on the biofilm formed by human saliva. Biofilms grown from human saliva on three different bioactive poly(oxanorbornene)-based polymer coatings (the protein-repellent : poly(oxanorbornene)-based poly(sulfobetaine), the protein-repellent and antimicrobial : poly(carboxyzwitterion), and the mildly antimicrobial and protein-adhesive : synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides) were analyzed and compared with the microbial composition of saliva, biofilms grown on uncoated substrates, and biofilms grown in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate. It was found that the polymer coatings significantly reduced the amount of adherent bacteria and strongly altered the microbial composition, as analyzed by 16S RNA sequencing. This may hold relevance for maintaining oral health and the outcome of oral implants due to the existing synergism between the host and the oral microbiome. Especially the reduction of some bacterial species that are associated with poor oral health such as and (observed for and ), and (observed for all coatings) may positively modulate the oral biofilm, including in situ.
PubMed: 34361863
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071427 -
BMC Anesthesiology Apr 2021Laryngeal mask airways (LMA) are commonly used for airway management. Complications with this device are rare. However, when they do occur, there is a high risk for...
BACKGROUND
Laryngeal mask airways (LMA) are commonly used for airway management. Complications with this device are rare. However, when they do occur, there is a high risk for respiratory problems, necessitating early diagnosis and treatment. We present the first case of a life-threatening abscess spreading in the visceral space caused by a penicillin and metronidazole resistant Prevotella Denticola after the use of an LMA.
CASE PRESENTATION
A female patient was admitted to our day care centre for bunion surgery. A single use LMA size 3 (Solus®, intersurgical, Wokingham, Berkshire, United Kingdom) was successfully inserted. After surgery, the patient complained of a sore throat and amoxicillin was prescribed by the general practitioner. Three days after surgery the patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for obstructive breathing, due to an abscess in the visceral space. Retropharyngeal and certainly parapharyngeal abscesses in adults are already rare. This case however, is unique because it is the first case of abscess spreading into the visceral space after the use of an LMA. Amoxicillin/clavulanate and vancomycin were started. The abscess was incised 5 days later and microbiology showed 3 positive cultures of the anaerobe Prevotella denticola, resistant for penicillin and metronidazole, but sensitive for amoxicillin/clavulanate. The patient fully recovered.
CONCLUSION
LMA's are easy to use and are established, safe tools to support ventilation of the airway. In this case, the authors hypothesise a small wound in the lateral pharyngeal wall probably created an opening into the visceral space causing infection with Prevotella denticola, supporting the idea that the pharyngeal mucosal space must be part of the visceral space. Additionally, early recognition and treatment of an LMA induced abscess is necessary to prevent evolution of complications leading to airway obstruction.
Topics: Abscess; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Middle Aged; Prevotella; Vancomycin
PubMed: 33820534
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01322-9 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2021Brain abscesses are associated with an increased long-term risk of new seizures and increased mortality within several years after infection. Common microorganisms that...
Brain abscesses are associated with an increased long-term risk of new seizures and increased mortality within several years after infection. Common microorganisms that cause brain abscesses include bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. We report a 75-year-old man with a brain abscess caused by , an oral pathogen. Based on the clinical condition, we suspected that the patient had a blood-borne brain abscess, and he received antibiotics and systemic supportive treatment. The patient developed shock for the second time after negative Gram-staining results. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing showed one strain from the oral microbiome, confirming our hypothesis, and targeted antibiotic treatment was administered quickly. Thus, we report a case in which genomic analysis was the critical factor in determining the best antimicrobial therapy for administration.
PubMed: 33693022
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.644130 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease, and a cause of oral microbiome dysbiosis. While this has been evaluated for traditional cigarette smoking, there is...
Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease, and a cause of oral microbiome dysbiosis. While this has been evaluated for traditional cigarette smoking, there is limited research on the effect of other tobacco types on the oral microbiome. This study investigates subgingival microbiome composition in smokers of different tobacco types and their effect on periodontal health. Subgingival plaques were collected from 40 individuals, including smokers of either cigarettes, medwakh, or shisha, and non-smokers seeking dental treatment at the University Dental Hospital in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The entire (~ 1500 bp) 16S rRNA bacterial gene was fully amplified and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. Subjects were compared for the relative abundance and diversity of subgingival microbiota, considering smoking and periodontal condition. The relative abundances of several pathogens were significantly higher among smokers, such as Prevotella denticola and Treponema sp. OMZ 838 in medwakh smokers, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella dispar in cigarette smokers, Streptococcus sanguinis and Tannerella forsythia in shisha smokers. Subgingival microbiome of smokers was altered even in subjects with no or mild periodontitis, probably making them more prone to severe periodontal diseases. Microbiome profiling can be a useful tool for periodontal risk assessment. Further studies are recommended to investigate the impact of tobacco cessation on periodontal disease progression and oral microbiome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria; Cigarette Smoking; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Pilot Projects; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tobacco Smoking; United Arab Emirates; Young Adult
PubMed: 33441919
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80937-3 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial diseases induced by subgingival plaque accumulation, with some differing clinical features. Studies on the...
Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial diseases induced by subgingival plaque accumulation, with some differing clinical features. Studies on the microbial and gene transcription activity of peri-implantitis microbiota are limited. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that disease-specific microbial and gene transcription activity lead to disease-specific clinical features, using an integrated metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and network analysis. Metagenomic data in peri-implantitis and periodontitis were obtained from the same 21 subjects and metatranscriptomic data from 12 subjects were obtained from a database. The microbial co-occurrence network based on metagenomic analysis had more diverse species taxa and correlations than the network based on the metatranscriptomic analysis. and had high activity and were core species taxa specific to peri-implantitis in the co-occurrence network. Moreover, the activity of plasmin receptor/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes was higher in peri-implantitis. These activity differences may increase complexity in the peri-implantitis microbiome and distinguish clinical symptoms of the two diseases. These findings should help in exploring a novel biomarker that assist in the diagnosis and preventive treatment design of peri-implantitis.
Topics: Firmicutes; Humans; Microbiota; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis; Prevotella
PubMed: 33425781
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596490 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting the oral mucosa. The pathogenesis of OLP is incompletely understood but is thought to be...
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting the oral mucosa. The pathogenesis of OLP is incompletely understood but is thought to be related to the immune system. As the oral cavity is a major reservoir and transmission gateway for bacteria, viruses, and fungi, the microbial composition of the oral cavity could play a role in the pathogenesis of OLP. However, limited by analytic technology and knowledge of the microbial community in the oral cavity, it is not yet clear which pathogens are associated with OLP. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool to identify pathogens for many infectious diseases. In this study, we compared the host cell gene expression profiles and the microbial profiles between OLP patients and matched healthy individuals. We identified the activation of the hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha (HNF4A) network in OLP patients and potential pathogens, including , , , , and . is capable of activating the HNF4A gene network. Our findings shed light on the previously elusive association of OLP with various diseases like hepatitis, and indicate that OLP is a T-helper type 17 (Th17) mediated mucosal inflammatory process. The identified molecular pathways and microbes could be used to inform future investigations into OLP pathogenesis and to develop novel therapeutics for OLP treatment.
PubMed: 33207582
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110952