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Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) May 2024Adverse intestinal microbiome profiles described as a dysbiotic gut are a complicit etiological operative factor that can progress and maintain inflammatory sequelae in... (Review)
Review
Adverse intestinal microbiome profiles described as a dysbiotic gut are a complicit etiological operative factor that can progress and maintain inflammatory sequelae in the intestines. The disruption of the gut microbiome that ensues with intestinal dysbiosis is, for example, posited by decreases in the alpha-diversity of the gut microbiome, which is characterized by significant reductions in the abundance of bacterial members from the and phyla. Proteobacteria have often been recognized as gut microbial signatures of disease. For example, this happens with observed increases in abundance of the phyla and , such as the adherent-invasive strain, which has been significantly linked with maintaining inflammatory bowel diseases. Research on the administration of probiotics, often identified as gut-functional foods, has demonstrated safety, tolerability, and efficacy issues in treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In this narrative review, we explore the efficacy of probiotics in treating IBDs with bacterial strain- and dose-specific characteristics and the association with multi-strain administration.
Topics: Probiotics; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Functional Food
PubMed: 38939911
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1602013 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) May 2024Flaxseed mucilage (FSM) is one of the healthy components of flaxseed. FSM is an example of a material that can be used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical...
BACKGROUND
Flaxseed mucilage (FSM) is one of the healthy components of flaxseed. FSM is an example of a material that can be used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its rheological properties. FSM consists mainly of two polysaccharides, arabinoxylan, and rhamnogalacturonan I, and it also contains protein components and minerals. The prospect of using FSM in food is due to its gelling, water binding, emulsifying, and foaming properties. In addition, valuable natural sources of phenolic compounds such as lignans, phenolic acids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and tannins are partially extracted from flaxseed in FSM. These antioxidant components have pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. A combination of FSM and lactobacilli in dairy foods can improve their functional properties. This study aimed to develop dairy products by adding of FSM and using two lactic acid bacteria (LAB). FSM (0.2%) was used as an ingredient to improve both the texture and antioxidant properties of the product.
METHODS
Skim milk was fermented with 0.2% flaxseed mucilage using and the probiotic AG9. The finished fermented milk products were stored at 4 °C for 14 days. Quantitative chemical, textural, and antioxidant analyses were carried out.
RESULTS
Adding 0.2% FSM to the dairy product stimulated the synthesis of lactic acid. FSM increased the viscosity and water-holding capacity of or AG9 fermented milk products. Combining these starter strains with FSM promoted the formation of a hard, elastic, resilient casein matrix in the product. When only AG9 was used for the fermentation, the dairy product had a high syneresis and a low viscosity and firmness; such a product is inferior in textural characteristics to the variant with commercial . The addition of FSM improved the textural properties of this variant. The use of AG9 and FSM makes it possible to obtain a fermented milk product with the highest content of polyphenolic compounds, which have the highest antioxidant properties and stimulate lipase and α-glucosidase inhibitor synthesis. Combining of and AG9 in the starter (20% of the total mass of the starter) and adding of 0.2% FSM is the optimal combination for obtaining a dairy product with high textural and antioxidant properties.
CONCLUSIONS
The physicochemical properties (viscosity, syneresis, water holding capacity, texture) and antioxidant properties of fermented milk were improved. In the future, as part of the work to investigate the functional properties of dairy products with FSM, studies will be conducted using in models.
Topics: Flax; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Plant Mucilage; Lactobacillus plantarum; Antioxidants; Cultured Milk Products; Animals; Milk; Fermentation
PubMed: 38939910
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1602011 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024This review aims to comprehensively chronicle the biosynthesis, classification, properties, and applications of bacteriocins produced by genus strains, particularly... (Review)
Review
This review aims to comprehensively chronicle the biosynthesis, classification, properties, and applications of bacteriocins produced by genus strains, particularly emphasizing their potential benefits in food preservation, human health, and animal productivity. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a class of microorganisms well-known for their beneficial role in food fermentation, probiotics, and human health. A notable property of LAB is that they can synthesize antimicrobial peptides known as bacteriocins that exhibit antimicrobial action against both closely related and other bacteria as well. Bacteriocins produced by spp. are known to exhibit antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic bacteria including food spoilage species, making them highly invaluable for potential application in food preservation and food safety. Importantly, they provide significant health benefits to humans, including combating infections, reducing inflammation, and modulating the gut microbiota. In addition to their applications in food fermentation and probiotics, bacteriocins show promising prospects in poultry production, processing, and improving animal productivity. Future research should explore the utilization of bacteriocins in innovative food safety measures and medical applications, emphasizing their potential to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens, enhance gut microbiota composition and function, and synergize with existing antimicrobial therapies.
PubMed: 38939182
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406904 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024The diversity and delicate balance of the oral microbiome contribute to oral health, with its disruption leading to oral and systemic diseases. Toothpaste includes...
The diversity and delicate balance of the oral microbiome contribute to oral health, with its disruption leading to oral and systemic diseases. Toothpaste includes elements like traditional additives such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as well as novel postbiotics derived from probiotics, which are commonly employed for maintaining oral hygiene and a healthy oral cavity. However, the response of the oral microbiota to these treatments remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the impact of SLS, and toothpaste containing postbiotics (hereafter, postbiotic toothpaste) across three systems: biofilms, animal models, and clinical populations. SLS was found to kill bacteria in both preformed biofilms (mature biofilms) and developing biofilms (immature biofilms), and disturbed the microbial community structure by increasing the number of pathogenic bacteria. SLS also destroyed periodontal tissue, promoted alveolar bone resorption, and enhanced the extent of inflammatory response level. The postbiotic toothpaste favored bacterial homeostasis and the normal development of the two types of biofilms , and attenuated periodontitis and gingivitis via modulation of oral microecology. Importantly, the postbiotic toothpaste mitigated the adverse effects of SLS when used in combination, both and . Overall, the findings of this study describe the impact of toothpaste components on oral microflora and stress the necessity for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of oral microbial ecology by considering multiple aspects.
PubMed: 38939048
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2372224 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024In recent years, a growing body of research has confirmed that the gut microbiota plays a major role in the maintenance of human health and disease. A gut microbiota... (Review)
Review
In recent years, a growing body of research has confirmed that the gut microbiota plays a major role in the maintenance of human health and disease. A gut microbiota imbalance can lead to the development of many diseases, such as pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and cancer. Short-chain fatty acids are metabolites of specific intestinal bacteria and are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and regulating metabolism and immunity. Endometriosis is the result of cell proliferation, escape from immune surveillance, and invasive metastasis. There is a strong correlation between the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbes and the development of endometriosis. Given that the mechanism of action of gut microbiota and Short-chain fatty acids in endometriosis remain unclear, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the complex interactions between intestinal flora, short-chain fatty acids and endometriosis. In addition, we explored potential microbial-based treatment strategies for endometriosis, providing new insights into the future development of diagnostic tests and prevention and treatment methods for endometriosis.
Topics: Endometriosis; Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Animals; Bacteria; Probiotics
PubMed: 38938880
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1373004 -
Food & Function Jun 2024Gastrointestinal symptoms constitute a frequent complication in postoperative patients with valvular heart disease (VHD), impacting their postoperative recovery....
subsp. LPL-RH improves postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms and nutrition indexes by regulating the gut microbiota in patients with valvular heart disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Gastrointestinal symptoms constitute a frequent complication in postoperative patients with valvular heart disease (VHD), impacting their postoperative recovery. Probiotics contribute to regulating human gut microbiota balance and alleviating postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms. Our objective involved assessing the potential of subsp. LPL-RH to alleviate postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms and expedite patient recovery. Adult patients diagnosed with VHD scheduled for valve surgery were enrolled. 110 patients were randomly divided into two groups and received LPL-RH or a placebo for 14 days. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Questionnaire. An analysis of the time to recovery of bowel function and various postoperative variables was conducted in both study groups. Variations in the intestinal microbiota were detected 16S rRNA sequencing. The study was completed by 105 participants, with 53 in the probiotic group and 52 in the placebo group. Compared to the placebo group, LPL-RH significantly reduced the total gastrointestinal symptom score after surgery ( = 0.004). Additionally, LPL-RH was found to significantly reduce abdominal pain ( = 0.001), bloating ( = 0.018), and constipation ( = 0.022) symptom scores. Furthermore, LPL-RH dramatically shortened the time to recovery of bowel function ( = 0.017). Moreover, LPL-RH administration significantly enhanced patients' postoperative nutrition indexes (red blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, < 0.05). Microbiome analysis showed that the composition and diversity of the postoperative intestinal microbiota differed between the probiotic and placebo groups. No adverse incidents associated with probiotics were documented, emphasizing their safety. This study initially discovered that oral subsp. LPL-RH can assist in regulating intestinal microbiota balance, alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms, promoting intestinal function recovery, and enhancing nutrition indexes in patients with VHD after surgery. Regulating the intestinal microbiota may represent a potential mechanism for LPL-RH to exert clinical benefits.
PubMed: 38938120
DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01471e -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The objective was to investigate growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, immune cell distribution, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile,...
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to investigate growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, immune cell distribution, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile, and microbiota in broiler chickens fed a diet containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ15.
METHODS
A total of 120-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to 2 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. A control group was fed a corn-soybean meal control diet, and an NSMJ15-supplemented group was fed a control diet supplemented with 1 g/kg L. paracasei NSMJ15 at the expense of cornstarch. Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with 10 birds per cage. Growth performance was recorded on day 9. On day 10, one bird representing median body weight was selected to collect serum for antioxidant enzyme activity, jejunal tissue for immune cell isolation and morphometric analysis, and cecal digesta for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and SCFA analysis.
RESULTS
Supplementation of L. paracasei NSMJ15 did not affect growth performance, serum antioxidant enzyme activity, and jejunal histomorphology compared to the control group. In the NSMJ15-supplemented group, the population of CD3+CD4+CD8- T cells increased (p=0.010), while the population of CD3+CD8+TCRγδ+ T cells decreased (p=0.022) compared to the control group. The L. paracasei NSMJ15 supplementation decreased (p=0.022) acetate concentration in the cecal digesta compared to the control group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that NSMJ15-supplemented group differentially expressed (p<0.05) 10 more amplicon sequence variants compared to control group without affecting alpha and beta diversity indices of the cecal microbiota. Genera Mediterraneibacter and Negativibacillus were positively (p<0.05) correlated with CD4+ T cells, while genera Gemmiger, Coprococcus, Sellimonas, Massilimicrobiota, and Blautia were negatively (p<0.05) correlated with SCFA concentration.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study suggest dietary L. paracasei NSMJ15 supplementation may increase percentage of CD4+ T cells and decrease acetate concentration in broiler chickens by increasing the differential expression of specific microbial genera.
PubMed: 38938030
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0162 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024This study aimed to determine the effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and...
Effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and cecal microflora of broilers during the starter phase.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and cecal microflora of broilers during the starter phase.
METHODS
A total of 600 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into two groups with six replicates in each group. Chickens in the control group were fed a basal diet, while chickens in the experimental group were fed a diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/kg of C. butyricum and 1 × 109 CFU/kg of B. subtilis. The experimental period was 21 days.
RESULTS
Addition of C. butyricum and B. subtilis significantly increased (p<0.05) the body weight and liver NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) activity of broilers, enhanced (p<0.05) the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers. However, the addition of C. butyricum and B. subtilis did not significantly affect the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the serum, the activities of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the liver, the total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde content in the serum and liver. Besides, microbial analysis revealed that supplementation of C. butyricum and B. subtilis increased (p<0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes such as CHKCI001 and Faecalibacterium, decreased (p<0.05) the abundance of Bacteroidota such as Bacteroides and Alistipes. Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that the above cecal microbiota were closely related to the growth performance of broilers (p<0.05). In addition, simultaneous supplementation of C. butyricum and B. subtilis significant affected (p<0.05) 33 different functional pathways such as lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. This explains the phenomenon of increased growth performance and liver NADP-ME activity in the probiotics group.
CONCLUSION
The compatibility of C. butyricum and B. subtilis could improve the growth of broilers during the starter phase by changing the cecal microflora.
PubMed: 38938023
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0132 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jun 2024Branched-chain hydroxy acids (BCHAs), produced by lactic acid bacteria, have recently been suggested as bioactive compounds contributing to the systemic metabolism and...
Branched-chain hydroxy acids (BCHAs), produced by lactic acid bacteria, have recently been suggested as bioactive compounds contributing to the systemic metabolism and modulation of the gut microbiome. However, the relationship between BCHAs and gut microbiome remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of BCHAs on the growth of seven different families in the gut microbiota. Based on in vitro screening, both 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid (HIVA) and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) stimulated the growth of and , with HIVA showing a significant growth promotion. Additionally, we observed not only the growth promotion of probiotic strains but also growth inhibition of pathogenic in a dosedependent manner. The production of HIVA and HICA varied depending on the family of the gut microbiota and was relatively high in case of and . Furthermore, HIVA and HICA production by each strain positively correlated with their growth variation. These results demonstrated gut microbiota-derived BCHAs as active metabolites that have bacterial growth modulatory effects. We suggest that BCHAs can be utilized as active metabolites, potentially contributing to the treatment of diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hydroxy Acids; Probiotics; Caproates; Bacteria; Lactobacillaceae; Humans; Pentanoic Acids
PubMed: 38938006
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2404.04009 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Jun 2024While probiotics-based therapies have exhibited potential in alleviating alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), the specific role of postbiotics derived from...
SCOPE
While probiotics-based therapies have exhibited potential in alleviating alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), the specific role of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) in ALD remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the impact of postbiotics on ameliorating alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Using network pharmacology, the study elucidates the targets and pathways impacted by postbiotics from L. reuteri, identifying the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) as a promising target for postbiotics against ALD, and lipid metabolism and alcoholism act as crucial pathways associated with postbiotics-targeting ALD. Furthermore, the study conducts histological and biochemical analyses coupled with LC/MS to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of postbiotics against ALD. Postbiotics may modulate bile acid metabolism in vivo by regulating FXR signaling, activating the FXR/FGF15 pathway, and influencing the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (BAs). Subsequently, postbiotics regulate hepatic FXR activated by BAs and modulate the expression of FXR-mediated protein, including short regulatory partner (SHP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), thereby ameliorating hepatic steatosis in mice with ALD.
CONCLUSION
Postbiotics effectively alleviate ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating the FXR/SHP/SREBP-1c axis, as rigorously validated in both in vivo and in vitro.
PubMed: 38937862
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300927