-
Journal of Dairy Science Jul 2024This study investigated the effects of feeding an amylase-enabled corn silage (ACS) on the performance and enteric gas emissions in lactating dairy cows. Following a...
This study investigated the effects of feeding an amylase-enabled corn silage (ACS) on the performance and enteric gas emissions in lactating dairy cows. Following a 2-wk covariate period, 48 mid-lactation Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a 10-wk randomized complete block design experiment. Treatments were diets containing the same proportion of corn silage (40% of dietary DM) as follows: (1) a conventional hybrid corn silage control (CON), (2) ACS replacing the control silage (ADR), and (3) the ADR diet replacing soybean hulls with ground corn grain to achieve the same dietary starch concentration as CON (ASR). Control corn silage and ACS were harvested on the same day and contained 40.3% and 37.1% DM and (% of DM): 37.2% and 41.0% NDF and 37.1% and 30.0% starch, respectively. Enteric gas emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system. Two cows were culled due to health-related issues during the covariate period. Ruminal fluid was collected from 24 cows (8 per treatment) using the orogastric ruminal sampling technique. When compared with CON, cows fed ADR had increased DMI during experimental wk 3, 4, and 9, but treatment did not affect milk or ECM milk yields (39.0 kg/d on average; SEM = 0.89). Compared with CON, feed efficiency (per unit of milk, but not ECM) tended to be lower for ADR, whereas milk true protein concentration (a tendency) and yield were lower for ASR. Milk urea N was decreased by both ADR and ASR diets relative to CON. Compared with CON, daily CH emission and emission intensity were increased by ADR but not ASR. Total protozoal count tended to be increased by both diets formulated with ACS when compared with control corn silage. Total-tract digestibility of dietary NDF was greater for ASR, and that of ADF was greater for both ADR and ASR versus CON. The molar proportion of acetate (a tendency) and acetate-to-propionate ratio were increased by ADR, but not ASR, when compared with CON. Replacement of CON with ACS (having lower starch concentration) in the diet of dairy cows increased DMI during the initial weeks of the experiment, maintained ECM, tended to decrease feed efficiency, and increased enteric CH emissions, likely due to increased intake of digestible fiber, compared with CON.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Starch; Lactation; Zea mays; Silage; Rumen; Diet; Milk; Fermentation; Amylases; Animal Feed; Gases
PubMed: 38942561
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23957 -
Environment International Jun 2024As the COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, increasing evidences suggest that the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Thus,...
As the COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, increasing evidences suggest that the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the influence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of organisms exposed to environmental contaminants, i.e., plasticizers: phthalate esters. We found that in mice, exposure to dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) and bis -2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) decreased the blood glucose level and white fat weight, induced inflammatory responses, caused damage to liver and intestinal tissues, and disrupted the gut microbiota composition and SCFAs metabolism. Specifically, the Bacteroidetes phylum was positively correlated with BBIBP-CorV vaccine, while acetic acid was negatively associated with the vaccine. Interestingly, the BBIBP-CorV vaccine somewhat alleviated tissue inflammation and reduced the contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in mice exposed to DEHP and DOTP. These findings were confirmed by a fecal microbiota transplantation assay. Overall, this study revealed that exposure to DEHP and DOTP adversely affects the gut microbiota and SCFAs, while the BBIBP-CorV vaccine can protect mice against these effects. This work highlighted the relationship between BBIBP-CorV vaccination, gut microbiome composition, and responses to plasticizers, which may facilitate the development and risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and environmental contaminants on microbiota health.
PubMed: 38941942
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108851 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Myocardial ischemia (MI) is a significant contributor to ischemic heart diseases like angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Reactive oxygen species produced during...
Salvia miltiorrhiza stem-leaf of total phenolic acid conversion products alleviate myocardial ischemia by regulating metabolic profiles, intestinal microbiota and metabolites.
Myocardial ischemia (MI) is a significant contributor to ischemic heart diseases like angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Reactive oxygen species produced during MI can trigger lipid peroxidation, damaging cell structure and function. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has been widely used clinically in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, in the process of rooting, the aboveground parts of this plant are usually discarded by tons. To make better use of these plant resources, the phenolic acids extracted and purified from the aerial part of SM were studied and chemically transformed, and the potential protective effect and possible mechanism of salvianolic acids containing a higher content of salvianolic acid A on MI were obtained. The transformed products of SM stem-leaves total phenolic acids with 8.16 % salvianolic acid A showed a better protective effect on the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute MI injury rat model. It can improve ST segment changes and has good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects. In addition, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the related metabolic levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenylalanine and glycerophospholipids were improved. This was achieved by reducing the abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibaculum, and L-phenylalanine levels. In addition, the abundance of probiotics in Butyricoccus, Roseburia, and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, as well as the contents of propionic acid and isobutyric acid, LPCs and PCs were increased. In conclusion, total phenolic acids of SM stem-leaves showed protective effects against ISO-induced rats, especially the strongest effect after conversion, which is a new option for the prevention and treatment of MI.
PubMed: 38941891
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117055 -
Food & Function Jun 2024Copper II oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), a kind of widely used nanomaterial, have been detected in food and the environment, which has aroused widespread public concern....
Copper II oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), a kind of widely used nanomaterial, have been detected in food and the environment, which has aroused widespread public concern. Recently, increasing data have suggested that intestinal microecology is closely related to immune homeostasis. However, the intestinal immunotoxicity induced by CuO NPs through intestinal microbiota is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, zebrafish were exposed to CuO NPs to explore intestinal immunotoxicity by evaluating physiological indicators, intestinal tissue injury, antioxidant enzyme activities, gene expression of immune factors, and changes in intestinal microbiota and its metabolites (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)). The results revealed that the intestinal immunotoxicity of CuO NPs was mediated by the impact on intestinal microbiota and its metabolite levels. Specifically, changes were observed in the abundance of microbes that participated in the metabolism of SCFAs and LPS. The reduction in acetic acid, propionic acid and valeric acid upregulated GPR84 expression, and the decline in LPS levels further resulted in the suppression of the key immune regulatory pathways TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, ultimately leading to intestinal immunotoxicity. This study would provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment of CuO NPs and a new perspective for research on the immunotoxicity of nanoparticles.
PubMed: 38940701
DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01032a -
European Journal of Clinical... Jun 2024The rise in obesity highlights the need for improved therapeutic strategies, particularly in addressing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)....
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The rise in obesity highlights the need for improved therapeutic strategies, particularly in addressing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aim to assess the role of tryptophan metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of obesity and in the different histological stages of MASLD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography to quantify circulating levels of 15 tryptophan-related metabolites from the kynurenine, indole and serotonin pathways. A cohort of 76 subjects was analysed, comprising 18 subjects with normal weight and 58 with morbid obesity, these last being subclassified into normal liver (NL), simple steatosis (SS) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Then, we conducted gene expression analysis of hepatic IDO-1 and kynyrenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO).
RESULTS
Key findings in obesity revealed a distinct metabolic signature characterized by a higher concentration of different kynurenine-related metabolites, a decrease in indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-propionic acid, and an alteration in the serotonin pathway. Elevated tryptophan levels were associated with MASLD presence (37.659 (32.577-39.823) μM of tryptophan in NL subjects; 41.522 (38.803-45.276) μM in patients with MASLD). Overall, pathway fluxes demonstrated an induction of tryptophan catabolism via the serotonin pathway in SS subjects and into the kynurenine pathway in MASH. We found decreased IDO-1 and KMO hepatic expression in NL compared to SS.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified a distinctive metabolic signature in obesity marked by changes in tryptophan catabolic pathways, discernible through altered metabolite profiles. We observed stage-specific alterations in tryptophan catabolism fluxes in MASLD, highlighting the potential utility of targeting these pathways in therapeutic interventions.
PubMed: 38940215
DOI: 10.1111/eci.14279 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Jun 2024Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a serious surgical complication. We assessed the different POCD incidences between anesthesia using sevoflurane and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of different anesthetic regimens on postoperative cognitive function of elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a serious surgical complication. We assessed the different POCD incidences between anesthesia using sevoflurane and sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine, with propofol-based sedation in elderly patients who underwent a thoracic surgical procedure.
METHODS
A total of 90 patients aged 65 to 80 years old who underwent a thoracic surgical procedure at our hospital and 15 nonsurgical participants as controls, were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided in a randomized 1:1:1 ratio into 3 groups. All participants were randomized into a trial with three anesthesia groups (P, PS, PSD) or a control group (C) of healthy matches. All trial groups received distinct anesthetic combinations during surgery, while controls mirrored patient criteria.Group P (propofol and remifentanil were maintained during the surgery), Group PS (propofol, remifentanil, and sevoflurane were maintained during the surgery), and Group PSD (propofol, remifentanil, sevoflurane, and dexmedetomidine were maintained during the surgery).All participants were rated using a series of cognitive assessment scales before and three days after surgery. All participants were interviewed over the telephone, 7 days, 30 days, and 90 days postoperatively.
RESULTS
POCD incidences in the PSD (combined anesthetization with propofol, sevoflurane, and dexmedetomidine) group was significantly lower than that in the PS (combined anesthetization with propofol and sevoflurane) group, 1 day post-surgery (10.0% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.008), and the results were consistent at 3 days post-surgery. When the patients were assessed 7 days, 30 days, and 90 days postoperatively, there was no significant difference in POCD incidence among the three groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of POCD one day after surgery showed that education level was negatively correlated with incidence of POCD (P = 0.018) and single lung ventilation time was positively correlated with incidence of POCD (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
For elderly patients who underwent a thoracic surgical procedure, dexmedetomidine sedation shows an obvious advantage on improving short-term POCD incidence, which is caused by sevoflurane.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Male; Female; Thoracic Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Cognitive Complications; Double-Blind Method; Sevoflurane; Aged, 80 and over; Dexmedetomidine; Propofol; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cognition; Incidence; Remifentanil; Anesthetics, Intravenous
PubMed: 38937812
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02939-w -
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology... Jun 2024Limited data exist comparing inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) plus adjunctive therapy versus ICS alone in pediatric asthma patients.
BACKGROUND
Limited data exist comparing inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) plus adjunctive therapy versus ICS alone in pediatric asthma patients.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) versus FF in children and adolescents with asthma.
METHODS
This Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study (NCT03248128) included participants aged 5-17 years with ≥6 months' asthma history uncontrolled on ICS monotherapy. Participants received 4 weeks' open-label fluticasone propionate (100 µg) twice daily before 1:1 randomization to 24 weeks' double-blind FF (50 µg:100 µg) or FF/VI (50/25 µg:100/25 µg) once daily. Two populations with different primary endpoints were analyzed to meet United States (Week 12 weighted mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1; 0-4 hours]; participants aged 5-17 years) and European (change from baseline pre-dose morning peak expiratory flow [ΔAM PEF] averaged over Weeks 1-12; participants aged 5-11 years) regulator requirements.
RESULTS
Overall, 902 participants were randomized and treated, including 673 children aged 5-11 years. In participants aged 5-17, Week 12 weighted mean FEV1 (0-4 hours) was greater with FF/VI versus FF (difference: 0.083 L; P < .001). In participants aged 5-11, ΔAM PEF over Weeks 1-12 showed numerical improvement with FF/VI versus FF but was not statistically significant (difference: 3.2 L/minute; P = .228). No drug-related serious adverse events or deaths were reported.
CONCLUSION
FF/VI significantly improved weighted mean FEV1 (0-4 hours; participants aged 5-17 years), but not ΔAM PEF (participants aged 5-11 years) versus FF. No new safety concerns were apparent.
PubMed: 38936466
DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.06.024 -
Animal : An International Journal of... May 2024No single enteric CH mitigating strategy has been consistently effective or is readily applicable to ruminants in grassland systems. When CH mitigating strategies are...
No single enteric CH mitigating strategy has been consistently effective or is readily applicable to ruminants in grassland systems. When CH mitigating strategies are effective under grazing conditions, mitigation is mild to moderate at best. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of combining two CH mitigation strategies deemed feasible to apply in grazing dairy cows, the methanogenesis inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol additive (3-NOP) and cottonseed supplementation (CTS), seeking to enhance their individual CH mitigating potential. Forty-eight dairy cows were evaluated in a continuous grazing study and supplemented with either a starch-based concentrate (STA) or one that contained cottonseeds (1.75 kg DM/d; CTS), and with either 19 g/d of 10% 3-NOP (Bovaer®) or the additive's carrier (placebo), in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were supplied mixed with a concentrate supplement (5 kg/d as fed) and offered in two equal rations at milking. Methane emissions were measured on weeks 4 and 8 using the sulphur hexafluoride tracer gas technique over a 5-d period. The 3-NOP and CTS treatments tended to interact on absolute CH such that 3-NOP decreased CH by 13.4% with STA, but there was no mitigation with 3-NOP and CTS. Treatment interactions were also obtained for CH yield, where 3-NOP tended to decrease CH when supplied with STA, and tended to increase it with CTS. The increase in CH yield with the CTS diet was driven by a numerical decrease in DM intake. Methane intensity was not affected by the 3-NOP or CTS treatments. Total volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid were not affected by 3-NOP supplementation, but a reduction in acetate and an increase in propionate proportion occurred, resulting in decreased acetate: propionate. The 3-NOP additive decreased grass intake; however, energy-corrected milk yield and milk composition were largely unaffected. Milk urea increased with 3-NOP supplementation. Combining twice daily supplementation of 3-NOP and CTS did not enhance their CH mitigation potential when fed to grazing dairy cows. The relatively low inhibition of CH production by 3-NOP compared to studies with total mixed rations may result from the mode of delivery (pulse dosed twice daily) and time gap caused by experimental handling and moving of animals to pasture after 3-NOP supplementation in the milking parlour, which could have impaired the synchrony between the additive presence in the rumen and grass intake in paddocks.
PubMed: 38935983
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101203 -
MSphere Jun 2024Bacterial ribonuclease E (RNase E) is vital for posttranscriptional regulation by degrading and processing RNA. The RraA protein inhibits RNase E activity through...
Bacterial ribonuclease E (RNase E) is vital for posttranscriptional regulation by degrading and processing RNA. The RraA protein inhibits RNase E activity through protein-protein interactions, exerting a global regulatory effect on gene expression. However, the specific role of RraA remains unclear. In this study, we investigated expression in ZJ-T and identified three promoters responsible for its expression, resulting in transcripts with varying 5'-UTR lengths. During the stationary phase, was significantly posttranscriptionally inhibited. Deletion of had no impact on bacterial growth in rich medium Luria-Bertani broth with salt (LBS) but resulted in decreased biofilm formation and increased resistance to polymyxin B. Transcriptome analysis revealed 350 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the wild type and the mutant, while proteome analysis identified 267 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Integrative analysis identified 55 genes common to both DEGs and DEPs, suggesting that RraA primarily affects gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis demonstrated that RraA facilitates the conversion of fatty acids, propionic acid, and branched-chain amino acids to acetyl-CoA while enhancing amino acid and peptide uptake. Notably, RraA positively regulates the expression of virulence-associated genes, including those involved in biofilm formation and the type VI secretion system. This study expands the understanding of the regulatory network of RraA through transcriptome analysis, emphasizing the importance of proteomic analysis in investigating posttranscriptional regulation.IMPORTANCERraA is an inhibitor protein of ribonuclease E that interacts with and suppresses its endonucleolytic activity, thereby playing a widespread regulatory role in the degradation and maturation of diverse mRNAs and noncoding small RNAs. However, the physiological functions and associated regulon of RraA in have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that RraA impacts virulence-associated physiological processes, namely, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, in . By conducting an integrative analysis of both the transcriptome and proteome, we revealed the involvement of RraA in carbon metabolism, amino acid catabolism, and transport, as well as in the type VI secretion system. Collectively, these findings elucidate the regulatory influence of RraA on multiple pathways associated with metabolism and pathogenesis in .
PubMed: 38934599
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00020-24 -
Cytotechnology Aug 2024A previous study indicated that patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) have significantly reduced levels of . This study investigates whether promotes hair-follicle...
UNLABELLED
A previous study indicated that patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) have significantly reduced levels of . This study investigates whether promotes hair-follicle recovery and its possible mechanism. Hair alteration and cutaneous histopathological changes induced by testosterone propionate were observed by H&E and bromodeoxyuridinc (BrdU) stain to evaluate the therapeutic effect of in C57BL/6 J mice. The cellular viability was analyzed in -transfected human hair-follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in vitro. The signaling pathways and pro-proliferative factors were investigated by transcriptomic gene sequencing and qRT-PCR. transfection successfully recovered hair growth and hair-follicle cells in AGA mice. In a series of HFSC studies in vitro, transfection greatly promoted cellular proliferation and decreased cellular apoptosis. Transcriptome gene sequencing suggested that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway was upregulated by . The qRT-PCR results showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 was 14-times upregulated after transfection. Hair-follicle recovery activity of may involve the upregulation of and PI3K-Akt to promote follicle stem cell survival. These data not only provide a theoretical basis for AGA development but also reveal a novel therapeutic method for AGA patients.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-024-00624-3.
PubMed: 38933868
DOI: 10.1007/s10616-024-00624-3