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Scientific Reports Sep 2021In the years 2006-2011, 617 Proteus spp. strains isolated mostly from urine and wounds or other clinical sources were collected in Łódź, Poland, to determine the...
In the years 2006-2011, 617 Proteus spp. strains isolated mostly from urine and wounds or other clinical sources were collected in Łódź, Poland, to determine the offensive O serotypes frequently occurring among patients. P. mirabilis exhibited the most intensive swarming growth and was dominating species (86.9%), followed by P. genomospecies, P. vulgaris, and P. penneri. Ninety four per cent strains were recognized as S (smooth) forms. Serological studies (involving ELISA-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting using native and adsorbed rabbit antisera) enabled classification of 80% S isolates into respective Proteus O serogroups among the 83 ones, described so far. The remaining strains seemed to be serologically unique. Despite the observed big serological variety of Proteus spp. isolates, we found the O78 serogroup recently described in Poland as dominating and identified other widespread serotypes: O3, O6, O10, O11, O27, O28, and O30 reported earlier as predominating also in other countries; O77 and O79 detected lately in Poland; O16, O18, O20, and O50. No unique structural feature of the prevalent O serotypes has been indicated. However, the prevalence of some O serogroups indicates that particular serotypes may be in some ways beneficial to the strains producing these kinds of O antigen.
Topics: Humans; O Antigens; Poland; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Serogroup; Serotyping; Virulence
PubMed: 34556711
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98228-w -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021spp. and spp. cause hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are often related to the use of catheters. To create a vaccine preventing UTI, immunogenic...
spp. and spp. cause hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are often related to the use of catheters. To create a vaccine preventing UTI, immunogenic bacterial antigens with common epitopes are still being looked for. In this work, the role of polysaccharide antigens of four spp. and eight spp. strains in serological cross-reactions with specific antisera was examined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and silver staining by Tsai method were performed. The and spp. LPSs and cells were used as antigens. Polyclonal rabbit sera specific to 0.023 and 0.062 strains and four spp. LPSs were obtained. The ELISA and Western blotting results showed the strongest cross-reactions occurring between lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from four strains and O42 antiserum. The silver-staining procedure revealed the patterns typical of both slow- and fast-migrating mass species of the LPSs. The spp. antigens also cross-reacted with four antisera, and most of the reactions were observed as low-migrating patterns. From two antisera obtained in this work, only one, the 0.062 antiserum, cross-reacted with satisfactory strength with LPSs (19, 22, and 60). Obtaining cross-reactions between the antigens of strains and antisera and in the opposite systems is important for proving the immunogenic role of polysaccharide antigens in triggering the immunological response.
Topics: Animals; Cross Reactions; Klebsiella; Lipopolysaccharides; O Antigens; Proteus; Rabbits; Serotyping
PubMed: 34513729
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.707578 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Apr 2021Naja atra is a major venomous snake found in Taiwan. The bite of this snake causes extensive wound necrosis or necrotizing soft tissue infection. Conventional microbial...
An investigation of conventional microbial culture for the Naja atra bite wound, and the comparison between culture-based 16S Sanger sequencing and 16S metagenomics of the snake oropharyngeal bacterial microbiota.
Naja atra is a major venomous snake found in Taiwan. The bite of this snake causes extensive wound necrosis or necrotizing soft tissue infection. Conventional microbial culture-based techniques may fail to identify potential human pathogens and render antibiotics ineffective in the management of wound infection. Therefore, we evaluated 16S Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra. Using conventional microbial culture methods and the VITEK 2 system, we isolated nine species from snakebite wounds. On the basis of the 16S Sanger sequencing of bacterial clones from agar plates, we identified 18 bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra, including Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, and Proteus mirabilis, which were also present in the infected bite wound. Using NGS of 16S metagenomics, we uncovered more than 286 bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra. In addition, the bacterial species identified using 16S Sanger sequencing accounted for only 2% of those identified through NGS of 16S metagenomics. The bacterial microbiota of the oropharynx of N. atra were modeled better using NGS of 16S metagenomics compared to microbial culture-based techniques. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus penneri were also identified in the NGS of 16S metagenomics. Understanding the bacterial microbiota that are native to the oropharynx of N. atra, in addition to the bite wound, may have additional therapeutic implications regarding empiric antibiotic selection for managing N. atra bites.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Naja naja; Oropharynx; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Snake Bites; Taiwan; Wound Infection
PubMed: 33857127
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009331 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022The aim of this study was phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant food-borne . The largest number of isolates was identified as (42.4%)...
The aim of this study was phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant food-borne . The largest number of isolates was identified as (42.4%) followed by (9.8%), (7.6% each), (6.6%), and (5.4% each). More than half of isolates (52.2%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The majority were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate (28.3%) and ampicillin (19.5%). ESBL(+) phenotype was showed by 26 isolates and AmpC(+) phenotype by 32 isolates. The gene was carried by 53.8% of ESBL-positive isolates, gene from CIT family by 43.8% of AmpC-positive isolates. Our results suggest that more attention should be paid to antibiotic resistance of food-borne . The presence of transmissible antibiotic resistance markers is an important criterion in the evaluation of food safety.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 33784901
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1908522 -
Archives of Microbiology Jan 2021Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment...
Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identified their response towards 46 antimicrobials of 15 different classes. Thirteen significant bacterial isolates such as Edwardsiella tarda, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus penneri, P. hauseri, Enterobacter cloacae, E. cancerogenus, E. ludwigii, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Providencia vermicola were recovered from the infected fish with the Shannon-wiener diversity index of 2.556. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was found to be maximum for P. penneri (0.87) and minimum for C. freundii and E. cloacae (0.22), highlighting the hyper antibiotic selection pressure in the farm. The minimum concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit most of the resistant isolates was found to be > 256 mcg/ml. All the isolates were susceptible towards ciprofloxacin. Plasmid curing and further AMR tests could reveal the location of antibiotic resistance genes mainly as plasmids which determine the large extent of AMR spread through horizontal gene transfer. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterobacteriaceae recovered from goldfish, before and after plasmid curing.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fresh Water; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Goldfish; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 32803348
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02021-8 -
International Journal of Biological... Nov 2020The serological classification scheme of the opportunistic Proteus bacilli includes a number of Proteus penneri strains. The tested P. penneri 4034-85 strain turned out...
The unique structure of bacterial polysaccharides - Immunochemical studies on the O-antigen of Proteus penneri 4034-85 clinical strain classified into a new O83 Proteus serogroup.
The serological classification scheme of the opportunistic Proteus bacilli includes a number of Proteus penneri strains. The tested P. penneri 4034-85 strain turned out to be serologically distinguished in ELISA and Western blotting. The O-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of this strain and studied by sugar and methylation analyses and dephosphorylation along with H and C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D H,H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, H,C HSQC, HMBC, and HSQC-TOCSY experiments, The O-polysaccharide was found to have a linear repeating unit containing glycerol 1-phosphate and two residues each of Gal and GlcNAc. The following O-polysaccharide structure was established, which, to our knowledge, is unique among known bacterial polysaccharide structures.
Topics: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; O Antigens; Phosphorylation; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Proteus penneri; Serogroup
PubMed: 32652158
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.012 -
Nature Communications Jun 2020Bacteria have evolved sophisticated adaptive immune systems, called CRISPR-Cas, that provide sequence-specific protection against phage infection. In turn, phages have...
Bacteria have evolved sophisticated adaptive immune systems, called CRISPR-Cas, that provide sequence-specific protection against phage infection. In turn, phages have evolved a broad spectrum of anti-CRISPRs that suppress these immune systems. Here we report structures of anti-CRISPR protein IF9 (AcrIF9) in complex with the type I-F CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex (Csy). In addition to sterically blocking the hybridization of complementary dsDNA to the CRISPR RNA, our results show that AcrIF9 binding also promotes non-sequence-specific engagement with dsDNA, potentially sequestering the complex from target DNA. These findings highlight the versatility of anti-CRISPR mechanisms utilized by phages to suppress CRISPR-mediated immune systems.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriophages; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Cryoelectron Microscopy; DNA; Models, Molecular; Multiprotein Complexes; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Proteus penneri; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 32483187
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16512-1 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Mar 2020This study aimed to isolate and identify of pathogenic bacteria in tiny freshwater shrimp () and in Kung Ten, which is an unusual Thai cuisine that eaten alive shrimp...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to isolate and identify of pathogenic bacteria in tiny freshwater shrimp () and in Kung Ten, which is an unusual Thai cuisine that eaten alive shrimp directly. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and identification of antibiotic resistance genes for isolated bacteria were conducted.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty of fresh shrimp samples and forty of Kung Ten salads were collected from four fresh markets, which were located in Bangkok and Nonthaburi province ( = 120). The isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility test of pathogenic bacteria were done following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were screened for β-lactamase relating genes, such as C ( and genes), , and genes.
RESULTS
The number of bacterial isolates in tiny freshwater shrimp and Kung Ten salad was 136 and 65, respectively. , , , , and were commonly found. Ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, cefuroxime, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance were observed, and common antibiotic-resistant bacteria were , , , and . , , , and were positive for gene; , and genes; and genes; and gene, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Raw or uncooked shrimps in Kung Ten salad may a risk in foodborne diseases due to positive for pathogenic bacterial isolates. However, hygienic control on food preparation is difficult to apply because of the difficulty of changing in local Thai food behavior.
PubMed: 32219114
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g397 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jun 2020During a snake bite, the microbes may get transferred to the bite site and may cause secondary infection along with envenomation. The knowledge on the oral bacterial...
During a snake bite, the microbes may get transferred to the bite site and may cause secondary infection along with envenomation. The knowledge on the oral bacterial flora of snakes constitutes information important for snake bite management. The inadequately studied oral microflora of snakes differ geographically, temporally and among the members of the same species. The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of oral bacterial flora of Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Oral swabs were collected from nine healthy Saw-scaled vipers, subjected to microbiological, biochemical and molecular characterization. Additionally, these isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using ICOSA-20-Plus and ICOSA-20-Minus. A wide range of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella arizonae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Proteus penneri, Alcaligenes faecalis; Citrobacter diversus, C. freundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus sciuri and Achromobacter xylosoxidans were isolated as new additions to the floral diversity of saw scale viper. Most of the isolates were sensitive towards amikacin, azithromycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, tobramycin, levofloxacin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol while resistant to amoxyclav, cephalothin, cefpodoxime, Co-Trimoxazole, oxacillin and penicillin. The present study revealed that the bacterial flora of the oral cavity of Saw-scaled viper is resistant to many common antibiotics, which are often used for the treatment of snake-bite victims.
Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Ceftizoxime; Ciprofloxacin; Gentamicins; Imipenem; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; Mouth; Penicillins; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Viperidae; Cefpodoxime
PubMed: 32169497
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104121 -
Microbiological Research Nov 2019Endophytic bacteria isolated from cactus were characterized and assessed for their capability to induce drought tolerance and growth promotion in tomato. A total of...
Endophytic bacteria isolated from cactus were characterized and assessed for their capability to induce drought tolerance and growth promotion in tomato. A total of 191-bacteria representing 13-genera and 18-species were isolated from wild cactus, Euphorbia trigonas. Bacillus (58), Lysinibacillus (36), Enterobacter (29), Stenotrophomonas (18), Lelliottia (12) and Pseudomonas (12) were the most represented genera. 16S rDNA sequence (>1400-bp) comparison placed the bacterial isolates with Bacillus xiamenensis; Bacillus megaterium; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus velezensis; Brevibacillus brevis; Lysinibacillus fusiformis; Enterobacter cloacae; Lelliottia nimipressuralis; Proteus penneri; Sphingobacterium multivorum; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Citrobacter freundii; Chryseobacterium indologenes and Paracoccus sp. Bacillus xiamenensis was identified for the first time as plant endophyte. Upon bacterization, the endophytes triggered germination and growth promotion in tomato as indicated by 118 % and 52 % more root-biomass under drought-free and drought-induced conditions, respectively. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CBa_RA37 and B. megaterium RR10 displayed broad spectrum endophytism in tomato. Bacterization of tomato with cactus endophyte showed altered oxidative status, stomatal and photosystem II functioning, internal leaf temperature and relative water content suggestive of physiological de-stressing from moisture stress. Activity of oxidative stress enzymes such as guaiacol peroxidase and catalase was also indicative of endophyte assisted de-stressing of tomato. Re-irrigation on 20-days of drought infliction showed 86.9% recovery of B. amyloliquefaciens CBa_RA37 primed tomato when non-primed plantlets succumbed. The cactus endophytic bacterial strain B. amyloliquefaciens CBa_RA37 showed promise for low-cost, efficient and environmentally friendly bio-inoculant technology to mitigate drought in arid zones of Asian and African continents.
Topics: Acclimatization; Bacillus; Biomass; Cactaceae; Cameroon; DNA, Ribosomal; Desert Climate; Droughts; Endophytes; Solanum lycopersicum; Phylogeny; Plant Development; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rifamycins; Sequence Analysis; Soil Microbiology; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 31442862
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126302