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East Asian Archives of Psychiatry :... Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Clozapine; Schizophrenia; Antipsychotic Agents; Delirium; Ivabradine; Male; Adult; Benzazepines
PubMed: 38955780
DOI: 10.12809/eaap2338 -
East Asian Archives of Psychiatry :... Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Dreams; Male; Singapore; Adult; Female; Prazosin; Middle Aged; Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Young Adult
PubMed: 38955779
DOI: 10.12809/eaap2344 -
East Asian Archives of Psychiatry :... Mar 2024COVID-19 infection is associated with significant depressive and anxiety symptoms and stress. We examined the prevalences of depressive and anxiety symptoms and...
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 infection is associated with significant depressive and anxiety symptoms and stress. We examined the prevalences of depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress among patients with COVID-19.
METHODS
Clinically stable patients with COVID-19 aged 18 to 60 years who were admitted between April 2021 and September 2021 to the MES Medical College in Kerala, India were prospectively recruited. They were assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale.
RESULTS
Of 112 patients screened, 103 were included in the analysis. Depression scores were higher in patients of lower socio-economic status (p = 0.04), of unemployed (p = 0.01), and with longer hospital stays (p < 0.001). Anxiety scores were higher in patients aged 31 to 40 years (p = 0.04), of lower socio-economic status (p = 0.01), with a history of psychiatric illness (p = 0.006), and with a history of self-harm (p = 0.019). Perceived stress scores were higher in patients of lower socio-economic status (p = 0.02), with a history of psychiatric illness (p = 0.001), and with a history of self-harm (p = 0.022).
CONCLUSION
Socio-economic status, employment status, a history of psychiatric illness, and duration of hospital stay are associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Adult; Male; Female; Prevalence; India; Middle Aged; Stress, Psychological; Depression; Anxiety; Young Adult; Adolescent; Hospitalization; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Prospective Studies; Length of Stay; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38955778
DOI: 10.12809/eaap2346 -
East Asian Archives of Psychiatry :... Mar 2024During the COVID-19 pandemic, social-distancing and confinement measures were implemented. These may affect the mental health of patients with mental disorders such as... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
During the COVID-19 pandemic, social-distancing and confinement measures were implemented. These may affect the mental health of patients with mental disorders such as schizophrenia. This study examined the clinical course of patients with schizophrenia at a public hospital in Morocco during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
This longitudinal observational study was conducted across three periods in 15 months: 1 April 2020 (start of strict home confinement) to 30 June 2020 (T1), 1 July 2020 to 31 January 2021 (corresponding to the Delta wave) [T2], and 1 February 2021 to 30 June 2021 (corresponding to the Omicron wave) [T3]. Patients aged 18 to 65 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (based on DSM 5) made before the pandemic who presented to the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat were invited to participate. Psychotic symptomatology was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Severity and improvement of mental disorder were evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-Severity and -Improvement subscales. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Calgary Depression Scale (CDS). Adherence to treatments was assessed using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). All assessments were made by psychiatrists or residents face-to-face (for T1) or via telephone (for T2 and T3).
RESULTS
Of 146 patients recruited, 83 men and 19 women (mean age, 39 years) completed all three assessments. The CGI-Severity score was higher at T2 than T1 and T3 (3.24 vs 3.04 vs 3.08, p = 0.041), and the MARS score was higher at T1 and T2 than T3 (6.80 vs 6.83 vs 6.35, p = 0.033). Patient age was negatively correlated with CDS scores for depressive symptoms at T1 (Spearman's = -0.239, p = 0.016) and at T2 (Spearman's = -0.231, p = 0.019). The MARS score for adherence was higher in female than male patients at T1 (p = 0.809), T2 (p = 0.353), and T3 (p = 0.004). Daily tobacco consumption was associated with the PANSS total score at T3 (p = 0.005), the CGI-Severity score at T3 (p = 0.021), and the MARS score at T3 (p = 0.002). Patients with a history of attempted suicide had higher CDS scores than those without such a history at T1 (p = 0.015) and T3 (p = 0.018) but not at T2 (p = 0.346).
CONCLUSION
Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic had limited negative impact on the mental health of patients with schizophrenia in Morocco.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Morocco; Male; Female; Adult; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Young Adult; Adolescent; Psychotic Disorders; Antipsychotic Agents; Aged; Medication Adherence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Depression; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38955777
DOI: 10.12809/eaap2255 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jul 2024Systemic vasculitis encompasses a wide range of conditions characterized by varying degrees of inflammation in blood vessels. Although the etiology of vasculitis remains... (Review)
Review
Systemic vasculitis encompasses a wide range of conditions characterized by varying degrees of inflammation in blood vessels. Although the etiology of vasculitis remains unclear, accumulated data suggest that it is triggered in genetically predisposed individuals by the concurrence of certain environmental factors. The importance of the genetic component has been consistently supported by evidence of familial aggregation, differential prevalence by ethnicity, and multiple genetic associations with disease susceptibility and severity reported in recent years. The strongest association signals in most vasculitides correspond to genetic variants within the HLA region, suggesting an important role of the immune system in its pathophysiology. However, each type of vasculitis has distinct defining HLA association markers, likely due to disease-specific differences in antigenic drivers. Furthermore, other genetic polymorphisms located outside the HLA region play an important role in susceptibility to different vasculitides. More recent research has assessed the shared genetic susceptibility evident across different vasculitides. Future studies should focus on the identification of genetic markers that can serve as reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response in systemic vasculitis.
PubMed: 38955656
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101969 -
The American Journal of Geriatric... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38955650
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.06.003 -
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice Jul 2024Revisional bariatric surgery (RBS) for insufficient weight loss/weight regain or metabolic relapse is increasing worldwide. There is currently no large multinational,...
INTRODUCTION
Revisional bariatric surgery (RBS) for insufficient weight loss/weight regain or metabolic relapse is increasing worldwide. There is currently no large multinational, prospective data on 30-day morbidity and mortality of RBS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the 30-day morbidity and mortality of RBS at participating centres.
METHODS
An international steering group was formed to oversee the study. The steering group members invited bariatric surgeons worldwide to participate in this study. Ethical approval was obtained at the lead centre. Data were collected prospectively on all consecutive RBS patients operated between 15th May 2021 to 31st December 2021. Revisions for complications were excluded.
RESULTS
A total of 65 global centres submitted data on 750 patients. Sleeve gastrectomy (n = 369, 49.2 %) was the most common primary surgery for which revision was performed. Revisional procedures performed included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 41.1 % (n = 308) patients, One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) in 19.3 % (n = 145), Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) in 16.7 % (n = 125) and other procedures in 22.9 % (n = 172) patients. Indications for revision included weight regain in 615(81.8 %) patients, inadequate weight loss in 127(16.9 %), inadequate diabetes control in 47(6.3 %) and diabetes relapse in 27(3.6 %). 30-day complications were seen in 80(10.7 %) patients. Forty-nine (6.5 %) complications were Clavien Dindo grade 3 or higher. Two patients (0.3 %) died within 30 days of RBS.
CONCLUSION
RBS for insufficient weight loss/weight regain or metabolic relapse is associated with 10.7 % morbidity and 0.3 % mortality. Sleeve gastrectomy is the most common primary procedure to undergo revisional bariatric surgery, while Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most commonly performed revision.
PubMed: 38955573
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.06.001 -
Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.) Jul 2024
PubMed: 38954840
DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae055 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jul 2024Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by major symptomatic, cognitive, and neuroanatomical changes. Recent studies have used optical coherence...
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by major symptomatic, cognitive, and neuroanatomical changes. Recent studies have used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate retinal changes in SZ and BD, but their unique and shared changes require further evaluation. Articles were identified using PubMed and Google Scholar. 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. Diagnostic groups were proband (SZ/BD combined), SZ, BD, and healthy control (HC) eyes. Meta-analyses utilized fixed and random effects models when appropriate, and publication bias was corrected using trim-and-fill analysis ("meta" package in R). Results are reported as standardized mean differences with 95% CIs. Data from 3145 patient eyes (1956 SZ, 1189 BD) and 3135 HC eyes were included. Studies identified thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL, overall and in 2 subregions), m-Retina (overall and all subregions), mGCL-IPL, mIPL, and mRPE in SZ patients. BD showed thinning of the pRNFL (overall and in each subregion), pGCC, and macular Retina (in 5 subregions), but no changes in thickness or volume for the total retina. Neither SZ nor BD patients demonstrated significant changes in the fovea, mRNFL, mGCL, mGCC, mINL, mOPL, mONL, or choroid thicknesses. Moderating effects of age, illness duration, and smoking on retinal structures were identified. This meta-analysis builds upon previous literature in this field by incorporating recent OCT studies and examining both peripapillary and macular retinal regions with respect to psychotic disorders. Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated both peripapillary and macular structural retinal abnormalities in people with SZ or BD compared with HCs.
PubMed: 38954839
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae102 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Tardive Dyskinesia; Phentermine; Male; Female; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38954794
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.24cr03710