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New Solutions : a Journal of... Aug 2022Researchers, corporate decision-makers, government agencies, and international bodies want to know how to improve safety and limit the serious social and economic...
Researchers, corporate decision-makers, government agencies, and international bodies want to know how to improve safety and limit the serious social and economic consequences of occupational injuries. Understanding how to deliver effective training is important to achieving this aim. Gamification is considered a new frontier in effective safety training. This study tested the use of gamification in safety training, considering two Italian companies that used a live-action role-play methodology called "PratiCARE la Sicurezza." Workers who were required by Italian law to receive safety training or retraining participated in a pre-post study. Collection of measures relating to knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and perception of the health and safety climate took place at baseline and immediately after the intervention. Participants' average safety knowledge at the end of the training was significantly better than the initial level, indicating that the training improved workers' knowledge level.
Topics: Humans; Italy; Occupational Health; Occupational Injuries; Role Playing
PubMed: 35686304
DOI: 10.1177/10482911221105785 -
Clinical Gerontologist 2024Anxiety is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), negatively impacting daily functioning and quality of life in PD patients and their families. This systematic review...
OBJECTIVES
Anxiety is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), negatively impacting daily functioning and quality of life in PD patients and their families. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of different psychotherapeutic approaches for reducing anxiety in PD and provides recommendations for clinical practise.
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, 36 studies were included and risk of bias was evaluated.
RESULTS
We identified cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based therapies, acceptance and commitment therapy, and psychodrama psychotherapies. There is good evidence-base for anxiety reduction using CBT approaches, but with mixed results for mindfulness-based therapies. Other therapeutic approaches were under researched. Most randomized control trials examined anxiety as a secondary measure. There was a paucity of interventions for anxiety subtypes. Secondarily, studies revealed the consistent exclusion of PD patients with cognitive concerns, an importance of care partner involvement, and a growing interest in remote delivery of psychotherapy interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
Person-centered anxiety interventions tailored for PD patients, including those with cognitive concerns, and trials exploring modalities other than CBT, warrant future investigations.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Practitioners should consider PD-specific anxiety symptoms and cognitive concerns when treating anxiety. Key distinctions between therapeutic modalities, therapy settings and delivery methods should guide treatment planning.
Topics: Humans; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Anxiety; Mindfulness; Parkinson Disease; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35634720
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2074814 -
Community Mental Health Journal Nov 2022The impact of drama therapy on mental health recovery remains poorly understood. We examined the effects of a pilot remote drama therapy program for community members...
The impact of drama therapy on mental health recovery remains poorly understood. We examined the effects of a pilot remote drama therapy program for community members living with serious mental illness. The entire intervention was delivered remotely. Participants with serious mental illness completed a 12-week drama therapy program which included an online performance open to the public. Four quantitative scales were administered pre- and post-program. A focus group was conducted 1 week after the performance. Six participants completed the program and crafted a public performance themed around hope. No significant differences were identified in the quantitative measures. Five themes were identified in the post-performance focus group. Drama therapy presents an opportunity for individuals with serious mental illness to process and share their journeys with their diagnoses and re-create a healthy sense of self with increased community awareness.
Topics: Humans; Psychodrama; Drama; Mental Health Recovery; Focus Groups; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 35583837
DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-00977-z -
Journal of Professional Nursing :... 2022Promoting ethical and professional principles through education is the major way to build and maintain people's trust in the nursing. However, despite remarkable efforts...
BACKGROUND
Promoting ethical and professional principles through education is the major way to build and maintain people's trust in the nursing. However, despite remarkable efforts in this area, sensitivity to these principles and their application in clinical practice remain low.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the effect of educating codes of nursing ethics through methods of role-playing and lecture on the Ethical Sensitivity and Ethical Performance of nursing students.
METHODS
A single-blinded quasi-experimental study conducted on 114 nursing students of Urmia University of medical sciences, which recruited using convenience sampling and assigned to two groups of intervention (role-paly and lecture) and one group of control, so that the sixth-, seventh- and eighth-semester nursing students were allocated to the control, role-play and lecture groups, respectively. Data were collected using the Nurses' Ethical Performance Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Lutzen's Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) at three time-points of before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The same educational content was provided for both intervention groups, so that the role-play group received the intervention over an eight-day period and the lecture group received it in five sessions.
RESULTS
The results showed there was a significant difference in the mean scores of ethical sensitivity and ethical performance between the three groups immediately (p < .001) and two months after the intervention (p < .001), so the mean scores were significantly higher in the role-play and lecture groups compared to the control group after the intervention (p < .001). In addition, after the intervention, the mean scores of ethical sensitivity and ethical performance in the role-play group were higher than the lecture group (p < .001).
CONCLUSION
Educating codes of ethics by role-playing method had a greater positive effect on the promotion of the ethical sensitivity and ethical performance compared to the lecture.
Topics: Codes of Ethics; Ethics, Nursing; Humans; Morals; Role Playing; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 35568451
DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.11.002 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022
PubMed: 35463488
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.890889 -
BMC Medical Education Apr 2022Traditional lecture-based medical ethics and law courses deliver knowledge but may not improve students' learning motivation. To bridge this theory-to-practice gap and...
BACKGROUND
Traditional lecture-based medical ethics and law courses deliver knowledge but may not improve students' learning motivation. To bridge this theory-to-practice gap and facilitate students' learning effectiveness, we applied situated-learning theory to design an interdisciplinary court-based learning (CBL) component within the curriculum. Our study aimed to investigate students' learning feedbacks and propose a creative course design.
METHODS
A total of 135 fourth-year medical students participated in this course. The CBL component included 1 h of introduction, 1 h of court attendance, and 2 h of interdisciplinary discussion with senior physicians, judges, and prosecutors. After the class, we conducted a survey using a mixed-methods approach to gauge students' perceptions of engagement, performance, and satisfaction.
RESULTS
A total of 97 questionnaires were received (72% response rate). Over 70% of respondents were satisfied and felt that the class was useful except for role-playing activities (60%). More than 60% reported a better understanding of the practical applications of medical law. Approximately half (54%) reported less anxiety about medical disputes. 73% reported that the lecture provided awareness of potential medical disputes, and most respondents expressed an interest in medical law courses after the court visit (78%). 80% of the respondents were able to display empathy and apply mediation skills. Qualitative analyses showed that students demonstrated new knowledge, including recognizing the significance of the medical profession, distinguishing the importance of physician-patient communication, having confidence in the fairness of the justice system, and being willing to increase their legal knowledge.
CONCLUSIONS
CBL curriculum increases students' learning motivation in strengthening medical professionalism and medical law, develops students' empathy for patients and communication skills, as well as builds up students' trust in the justice system. This novel course design can be applied to teach medical ethics and law.
Topics: Curriculum; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Learning; Role Playing; Students, Medical
PubMed: 35428246
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03349-z -
Dementia (London, England) May 2022COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns created a global public health crisis generating mental health problems including social isolation, stress, and anxiety...
COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns created a global public health crisis generating mental health problems including social isolation, stress, and anxiety especially for persons with dementia and their carers. This article reports on the use of digital technology to maintain social connectivity via a virtual group session that focused on the topic of "what is home." Participants in this session included 16 day-care center clients representing an immigrant community identified with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. A trained psychodrama therapist conducted the virtual group meeting based on five key techniques: spectrogram, role reversal, doubling, mirroring, and soliloquy. The NVivo software was used for the qualitative analysis of the transcribed video recording to identify key themes based on grounded theory methodology. Zooming from home, clients engaged in significant social interaction. Findings of the NVivo analysis identified the following themes of "what is home": Emotions and home, Home is family, Home is community, and Reminiscence (with objects and traditions). Findings suggest that digital interactive technologies, like Zoom, enhance social connectivity thus mitigating the negative impact of social isolation for persons with dementia especially during pandemic lockdowns. Our pilot findings based on virtual group meetings from home demonstrate that participants can express significant emotive capacity and enhanced connectivity with one another despite a diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia. While larger studies are needed to confirm these findings, we suggest that this methodology may be used to support persons with dementia not only in times of pandemics but also as an addition to other community and home care services. Changes in reimbursement policies to include these innovative home services may be helpful in building more resilient communities for the more highly vulnerable populations.
Topics: COVID-19; Caregivers; Communicable Disease Control; Dementia; Humans; Pandemics; Psychodrama; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35236150
DOI: 10.1177/14713012221074484 -
Journal of Hospice and Palliative... Jun 2022The authors provided six 180-minute interpersonal assistance workshops using teaching materials from the End-of-Life Care Association: 90 minutes each on supportive...
The authors provided six 180-minute interpersonal assistance workshops using teaching materials from the End-of-Life Care Association: 90 minutes each on supportive communication and role-playing. The content included the following: ・ Suffering people are "at peace" with someone who understands their suffering, which starts with building a relationship through empathetic listening. The goal is not to "understand them" but for them to "feel understood." ・ Realizing the suffering of others and recognizing the internal moral and emotional strength of those who live with suffering. ・ Resilience building: helping caregivers face difficulties even when helpless; remembering one's support networks and valuing oneself. Participants (n = 114) wrote reflective journals after each session. Two domains and 10 key themes were identified through thematic analysis. The domains comprised topics on the importance of using listening techniques, such as repetition, waiting in silence, and asking questions (not to understand but for dialogue). The 3-month postinterviews revealed that participants could ease their sense of weakness by helping suffering people, which is relevant to work, grief care, and daily life. Changes in relationships between participants and patients were also identified. Role-playing can teach supportive communication, such as listening attentively and accepting others, which may help supporters engage with people experiencing incurable suffering.
Topics: Caregivers; Communication; Empathy; Hospice Care; Humans; Qualitative Research; Resilience, Psychological; Role Playing; Terminal Care
PubMed: 35213867
DOI: 10.1097/NJH.0000000000000852 -
The Journal of Nursing Research : JNR Dec 2021The prevalence of dementia in Taiwan continues to rise, and related patient care is becoming challenging for family members and caregivers. Nondrug treatments are often... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of dementia in Taiwan continues to rise, and related patient care is becoming challenging for family members and caregivers. Nondrug treatments are often used as a care strategy to alleviate the behaviors associated with worsening dementia. Many international researchers have examined the effectiveness of drama therapy on dementia care. However, there is a lack of related studies in Taiwan.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of drama therapy in terms of improving depressive symptoms, attention, and quality of life in patients with senile dementia.
METHODS
A two-group pretest-and-posttest design was employed in this randomized controlled trial. Cluster sampling was employed at four dementia daycare centers in central Taiwan. Two centers were randomly assigned to the experimental group, and the other two centers were assigned to the control group.
RESULTS
Forty-two patients with dementia (23 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group) participated in this study. The study results showed that, after 8 weeks of drama therapy, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in depressive symptoms (β = -5.07, p < .001), attention (β = 5.86, p < .001), and quality of life (β = -6.08, p < .001). Furthermore, after 12 weeks of drama therapy, the experimental group continued to show a significant improvement in depressive symptoms (β = -4.65, p < .01), attention (β = 6.76, p < .001), and quality of life (β = -4.94, p < .01).
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of the results of this study, patients with senile dementia who participate in 8- and 12-week drama therapy programs significantly improved in terms of depressive symptoms, attention, and quality of life. The authors hope that the findings of this study provide a reference for the intervention method, content, frequency, and timing of drama therapy in patients with dementia.
Topics: Attention; Dementia; Depression; Humans; Psychodrama; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35050954
DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000468 -
Cureus Nov 2021Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists following tissue injury or disease processes and is believed to have taken place after healing. It is a functional...
Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists following tissue injury or disease processes and is believed to have taken place after healing. It is a functional impairment that causes discomfort and leads to the inability to perform various essential daily activities. Chronic pain in pediatrics can be of various types, the most commonly prevalent types being headaches, abdominal pain, and limb pain. Adolescents with chronic pain have been found to have generalized anxiety scores twice that of the average population, along with significant impairment of family dynamics. Some forms of chronic pain respond effectively to medication and psychotherapy, and recurrence is common when stress is triggered by external or environmental factors, most recently in the form of COVID-19. In this case series, we discuss three cases of worsening mental health presentations and chronic pain exacerbation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We talk about the unique perspective of chronic pain in the pediatric population and comorbid mental illnesses and their management from a psychiatric standpoint.
PubMed: 34987917
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20032