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Open Veterinary Journal Oct 2023Prostate disease represents about 0.7% of diseases in canines. The main diagnosed pathology is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the reports that study the...
BACKGROUND
Prostate disease represents about 0.7% of diseases in canines. The main diagnosed pathology is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the reports that study the association of a certain clinical sign with a specific prostate disease are scarce.
AIM
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of the most commonly observed clinical signs associated with the different prostatic disorders in canines admitted to the hospital of the Facultad de Veterinaria-Universidad de la República between 2011 and 2019.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 7,729 male canines treated at the hospital de la Facultad de Veterinaria-Universidad de la República (Montevideo, Uruguay) between 2011 and 2019. 289 canines with a presumptive/definitive diagnosis of prostate diseases were selected, recording the presence/absence of associated clinical signs. Results were reported in terms of odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
The five most frequently reported clinical signs were tenesmus (34%), anorexia (32%), lethargy (27%), prostatomegaly or pain during rectal examination (25%), and abdominal pain from palpation (22%). Diarrhea (3.39 . 0.33 OR), anorexia (2.07 . 0.39 OR), weight loss (2.27 . 0.27 OR), hematuria (3.25 . 0.44 OR), and urinary incontinence (2.96 . 0.33 OR) indicated a highest predictive value ( < 0.05) with prostatitis versus BPH, respectively. Being weight loss, the clinical sign is more frequently associated with neoplasia (20.2 OR, = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
This study shows that there are clinical signs with a higher degree of association for certain canine prostatic disorders than others.
Topics: Male; Animals; Dogs; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Retrospective Studies; Uruguay; Anorexia; Weight Loss; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38027403
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i10.10 -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Nov 2023Globally, more than 50 countries have been affected by Monkey pox virus after COVID-19 has subsided. WHO declared "public health emergency of international concern" in... (Review)
Review
Globally, more than 50 countries have been affected by Monkey pox virus after COVID-19 has subsided. WHO declared "public health emergency of international concern" in year 2022 because of virus affecting 60,000 people in just one month that belonged to clade-IIb. Previously, it had been transmitted by body fluids, lesions and touching items, but fresh transmission is via sexual activity among bisexuals and man to man sex (MSM). New outbreaks reported compromised health status of confirmed cases with rectal pain, bleeding, tenesmus, pus or blood in stool, vomiting, proctitis and abdominal pain, which became alarming for entire world because of complications leading to bacterial skin infections, sepsis, encephalitis, hemorrhagic disease, blindness and pneumonia eventually. This virus has been further deteriorating unstable and unsustainable economy that requires dire attention. Strict preventive measures in terms of personal hygiene, pet and livestock health care, hospital contaminant disposal, good surveillance record, pre and post exposure vaccination, waste and water management could be only possible strategies to eliminate devastatingly dangerous M-pox outbreaks in this epic.
PubMed: 37996327
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.10.019 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Nov 2023A mediastinal mass was diagnosed in a 7-year-4-month-old neutered female mixed breed dog following a 3-week history of lethargy, hyporexia and pyrexia. Bi-cavitary...
A mediastinal mass was diagnosed in a 7-year-4-month-old neutered female mixed breed dog following a 3-week history of lethargy, hyporexia and pyrexia. Bi-cavitary imaging, needle aspirate cytology and flow cytometry confirmed WHO clinical stage IVb, intermediate to large T-cell lymphoma involving the mediastinum, liver and spleen. The dog initially responded to a multidrug chemotherapy protocol but clinical deterioration occurred 3 months later. The dog presented with anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea, associated with marked faecal tenesmus and haematochezia, initially believed by the primary care practitioner to be related to chemotherapy toxicity. However, rectal examination revealed multiple sessile and pedunculated masses. Further diagnostic imaging, cytology and flow cytometry confirmed progressive disease, including T-cell lymphoma of the rectum. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed an infiltrate of intermediate-sized CD3-positive neoplastic cells that expanded the rectal mucosa. Rectal lymphoma is uncommon in dogs and previous cases have been B cell in origin. In this report we describe the clinical presentation and macro- and microscopic findings of a case of canine T-cell lymphoma involving the rectum.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Female; Rectum; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Lymphoma; Spleen; Liver; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37995445
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.009 -
Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2023Tailgut cysts are rare congenital lesions that are remnants of the embryonic hindgut. This abnormality presents with non-specific symptoms or no symptoms; therefore,...
Tailgut cysts are rare congenital lesions that are remnants of the embryonic hindgut. This abnormality presents with non-specific symptoms or no symptoms; therefore, misdiagnosis is common. Here, we present four cases of tailgut cysts that were successfully removed using a robotic surgical approach. A 42-year-old woman with tenesmus, pain in the right gluteal region, and discomfort in the rectal region during evacuation was referred to our medical center. Another patient was a 28-year-old woman who presented with the same symptoms to our general practitioner. Both patients underwent upper abdominal and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging that revealed a tailgut cyst. Further, a 36-year-old woman was referred with coccyx and hypogastric pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed two pararectal cystic formations. She underwent robot-assisted surgery, and after analysis by a pathologist, the conclusion was that the tailgut cyst was associated with scarring fibrosis. A 55-year-old woman with posterior epigastric pelvic pain associated with heartburn underwent robot-assisted surgery to resect a retroperitoneal tumor. These cases highlighted the importance of tailgut cysts in the differential diagnosis of rectal lesions. Surgical treatment is preferred because malignant transformations can occur. The difference between laparoscopic and robotic approaches is the better visualization and stability of the latter, inducing less tissue damage. Robotic resection is a safe procedure, especially in patients with a narrow pelvis, because it reduces tissue damage.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Brazil; Rectal Diseases; Cysts; Pelvic Pain; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 37970955
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023RC0544 -
JGH Open : An Open Access Journal of... Oct 2023Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, are chronic autoimmune conditions characterized by inflammation of the digestive system. The exact cause...
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, are chronic autoimmune conditions characterized by inflammation of the digestive system. The exact cause of IBD is unknown, but they often start during adolescence or early adulthood with symptoms such as urgency, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, abdominal pain and tenesmus. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis are recognized as co-occurring conditions associated with ulcerative colitis. However, the combination of ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver cirrhosis, and celiac disease occurring concurrently has only been reported once before in a female patient. Here, we present the exceptional case of a Syrian adult male with all four of these conditions. This highlights the importance of screening for both celiac disease and cirrhosis in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis together, despite this combination of comorbidities is rare.
PubMed: 37908297
DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12971 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Oct 2023Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract accounting for less than 1% of all gut tumors. GISTs occurring in the rectum are...
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract accounting for less than 1% of all gut tumors. GISTs occurring in the rectum are extremely rare, and these usually present at an advanced stage compared with other sites.
CASE SUMMARY
A 60-year-old male who presented with features of sensations of rectal tenesmus was referred to our department with a mass in the lower rectum that was detected during a routine checkup. Colonoscopy, transrectal ultrasound, perianal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonic contrast were used to diagnose the rectum GIST, and then the patient underwent complete transanal resection using the ultrasonic scalpel. The patient was discharged ten days after the operation and was defined as low risk. Therefore, he had no need to receive subsequent adjuvant therapies, and he had not suffered any anal dysfunction or had any evidence of recurrence at follow up.
CONCLUSION
Surgical resection with histologically negative margins is the standard curative treatment for rectal GISTs. Appropriate surgical techniques based on the location, size, and resectability of the tumor should attract great attention from clinicians.
PubMed: 37901015
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i28.6797 -
Reports of Practical Oncology and... 2023Palliative radiation therapy (RT) is used to treat symptomatic rectal cancer although clinical benefits and toxicities are poorly documented. There is no consensus about...
BACKGROUND
Palliative radiation therapy (RT) is used to treat symptomatic rectal cancer although clinical benefits and toxicities are poorly documented. There is no consensus about the optimal RT regimen and clinical practice undergoes significant changes. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of short-course (SC) RT in this setting of patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Charts from patients with locally advanced disease not candidates for standard treatment or with symptomatic metastatic rectal cancer treated with SCRT (25 Gy/5 fractions in 5 consecutive days) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcome measures were symptomatic response rate and toxicity.
RESULTS
From January 2007 to December 2017, 59 patients (median age 80 years) received SCRT; 53 were evaluable. The median follow-up was 8 months (range, 1-70). Clinical response to RT for bleeding, pain and tenesmus was 100%, 95% and 89%, respectively. The compliance with the treatment was 100% and no patient experienced acute severe (≥ grade 3) toxicities. Median time to symptoms recurrence was 11 months (range 3-69). Globally, the median overall survival was 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS
SCRT is a safe and effective regimen in symptomatic rectal cancer and may be considered the regimen of choice for standard treatment in unfit patients.
PubMed: 37795394
DOI: 10.5603/RPOR.a2023.0033 -
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 2023Abstract.
UNLABELLED
Abstract.
BACKGROUND
Colonic diverticulum is one of the rare findings in dogs characterized by an out-pouching of mucosal and submucosal layers through the defect in muscularis layer of the colon.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A five years old intact female Labrador was presented with an anamnesis of dyschezia and tenesmus.
FINDINGS/TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Rectal examination was normal, and the survey radiograph showed an almost crescent shaped abnormal dilatation (10.52 cm × 6.21 cm) with gas and increased radiopaque material, dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the descending colon suggesting fecal stasis. Ultrasonographic examination revealed gas-filled out-pouching with hyperechoic colon wall and acoustic shadowing. Exploratory celiotomy confirmed the diagnosis of colonic diverticulum, and diverticulectomy was performed. All four layers of the colonic wall were detected histopathologically in the biopsy sample and excluded neoplasia. The dog recovered uneventfully with no post-operative complications.
CONCLUSION
This surgery produced an excellent resolution of clinical signs. To our knowledge, this is one of the few cases of colonic diverticulum reported in dogs.
PubMed: 37790114
DOI: 10.22099/IJVR.2023.46410.6663 -
Journal of the American Animal Hospital... Sep 2023A 4 mo old male goldendoodle puppy was evaluated for chronic hematochezia with a history of recurrent rectal prolapse and tenesmus. A colo-colonic intussusception was...
A 4 mo old male goldendoodle puppy was evaluated for chronic hematochezia with a history of recurrent rectal prolapse and tenesmus. A colo-colonic intussusception was diagnosed via abdominal imaging. Surgery was elected to reduce the intussusception, wherein a colonic mass was discovered. Colonic resection and anastomosis was performed, and the tissue were submitted for histopathological examination. The puppy was diagnosed with colonic hamartomatous ganglioneuromatosis based on the presence of markedly hyperplastic submucosal and myenteric plexi with infiltration and expansion of the mucosa and submucosa by Schwann cells and neuronal cell bodies. Ganglioneuromatosis is a rarely reported entity in the veterinary literature, and limited clinical follow up data is available for described cases. In humans, ganglioneuromatosis is associated with a PTEN genetic mutation, which confers increased susceptibility to the development of neoplasia of endocrine organs. Approximately 1 yr after the operation, this puppy appeared clinically normal with no abnormalities on repeated imaging. This case report describes the clinical presentation, surgical treatment, and histologic features of colonic hamartomatous ganglioneuromatosis with 1 yr postoperative clinical follow up data in a dog. Although uncommon, ganglioneuromatosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis list as a cause of gastrointestinal masses in puppies and young dogs.
Topics: Humans; Dogs; Animals; Male; Intussusception; Dog Diseases; Colon; Anastomosis, Surgical; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37708475
DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7378 -
Veterinary Pathology Mar 2024Lymphoglandular complexes are components of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue that are characterized by submucosal lymphoid aggregates invested by projections of...
Lymphoglandular complexes are components of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue that are characterized by submucosal lymphoid aggregates invested by projections of mucosal epithelium. Reports of pathology involving these structures are rare in both human and veterinary literature. Here, the authors report 2 cases of rectal masses excised from dogs following a period of tenesmus and hematochezia. In both animals, the masses were composed of lymphoid tissue closely encompassing tubuloacinar structures. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction antigen receptor rearrangement testing demonstrated that the lymphoid population was polyclonal, comprising T and B cells arranged in loosely follicular aggregates centered on the epithelial foci. In light of these findings, a diagnosis of lymphoglandular complex nodular hyperplasia was reported. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of this condition in dogs.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Hyperplasia; Lymphoid Tissue; Epithelium; B-Lymphocytes; Immunohistochemistry; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37547933
DOI: 10.1177/03009858231190643