-
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2024The cochlear implant (CI) is effective for rehabilitating patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. However, its placement and use have been...
BACKGROUND
The cochlear implant (CI) is effective for rehabilitating patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. However, its placement and use have been associated with various complications, such as those affecting the vestibular system. The objective of this study was to compare vestibular function using the video head impulse test (vHIT) in pediatric patients before and after CI placement.
METHODS
A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted. The outcomes of 11 pediatric patients of both sexes with a history of profound hearing loss were evaluated. The results of vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gain, saccades, asymmetry, Pérez Rey (PR) index, and VOR/saccade ratio for both ears obtained by the vHIT test before and after CI placement were compared.
RESULTS
Of the 11 patients evaluated, the VOR gain showed that 81.8% had normal function, 18.2% had hypofunction, and no patients had hyperfunction before implantation. No statistically significant differences were found when compared with post-implant off and post-implant on conditions (p > 0.05). The extracted variables, asymmetry, PR index, and the VOR/saccades ratio also showed no statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-implant conditions, whether off or on.
CONCLUSIONS
The vestibular function of pediatric patients did not show significant changes before and after CI placement. The vHIT test is a valuable tool for assessing vestibular function and could be considered a criterion for surgical and rehabilitation decisions in patients undergoing CI placement.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Head Impulse Test; Retrospective Studies; Child; Cochlear Implants; Child, Preschool; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Cochlear Implantation; Video Recording; Saccades; Adolescent; Vestibule, Labyrinth
PubMed: 38941647
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.24000022 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2024Patients' experiences in the intensive care unit (ICU) can enhance or impair their subsequent recovery. Improving patient and family experiences on the ICU is an...
Patients' experiences in the intensive care unit (ICU) can enhance or impair their subsequent recovery. Improving patient and family experiences on the ICU is an important part of providing high quality care. There is little evidence to guide how to do this in a South Asian critical care context. This study addresses this gap by exploring the experiences of critically ill patients and their families in ICUs in Bangladesh and India. We elicit suggestions for improvements from patients, families and staff and highlight examples of practices that support person-centred care. This multi-site hospital ethnography was carried out in five ICUs in government hospitals in Bangladesh and India, selected using purposive sampling. Qualitative data were collected using non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. A total of 108 interviews were conducted with patients, families, and ICU staff. Over 1000 hours of observation were carried out across the five study sites. We identified important mediators of patient and family experience that span many different aspects of care. Factors that promote person-centred care include access to ICU for families, support for family involvement in care delivery, clear communication with patients and families, good symptom management for patients, support for rehabilitation, and measures to address the physical, environmental and financial needs of the family. This study has generated a list of recommendations that can be used by policy makers and practitioners who wish to implement person-centred principles in the ICU.
PubMed: 38941335
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003372 -
Journal of Primary Health Care Jun 2024Introduction The University of Otago School of Pharmacy Clinic (the Clinic) is a campus-based non-dispensing clinic that offers consultation-based medicines optimisation...
Introduction The University of Otago School of Pharmacy Clinic (the Clinic) is a campus-based non-dispensing clinic that offers consultation-based medicines optimisation services to patients. Aim This project aims to understand the experiences and opinions of healthcareproviders who have referred patients to the School of Pharmacy Clinic, specifically: their motivation for referring patients; how the Clinic impacts providers, patients and the wider health system; provider satisfaction; and opportunities for further collaboration. Methods Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 15 participants who represented five health professions. An inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the dataset from which codes and themes were developed. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used to structure the interview guide and as a framework to present themes. Results Seven themes were developed; 'Perceptions of Pharmacists' (Coherence), 'Motivators for Engagement' and 'Barriers to Engagement' (Cognitive Participation), 'Utility of Pharmacist Feedback' and 'Opportunities' (Collective Action) and 'Referrers' Experiences' and 'Patient-centred Care' (Reflexive Action). Discussion Healthcare providers described predominantly positive experiences. Medically complex cases and patients requiring medicines education were most likely to be referred for consultation. Engaging with the Clinic presented valuable opportunities for interprofessional collaborative practice and continuing professional education. Referrers would like more regular contact with Clinic pharmacists to encourage interprofessional collaborative relationships. Patients were thought to benefit from their pharmacist's clinical expertise, time, patient-centred approach and subsequent medication and health optimisation. Integration of Clinic pharmacists into specialist outpatient clinics at Dunedin Hospital may broaden the scope and improve efficiency of their services.
Topics: Humans; Qualitative Research; Referral and Consultation; Pharmacists; Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Male; Motivation; Patient-Centered Care; Interviews as Topic; Health Personnel; Interprofessional Relations; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Adult
PubMed: 38941248
DOI: 10.1071/HC24022 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jun 2024Constipation is among the most common symptoms prompting a consultation with a paediatric gastroenterologist. While most patients will respond to lifestyle and dietary...
BACKGROUND
Constipation is among the most common symptoms prompting a consultation with a paediatric gastroenterologist. While most patients will respond to lifestyle and dietary changes and conventional therapy, some may require diagnostic studies.
AIM
To review the diagnostics studies used to evaluate children with functional constipation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
There is no evidence to support the routine use of abdominal X-rays in the evaluation of paediatric constipation. Colon transit by radiopaque markers (ROM) should be indicated when medical history does not match clinical findings, to guide colon manometry (CM) performance and to discriminate between faecal incontinence from functional constipation and non-retentive faecal incontinence. Colon scintigraphy may be useful as an alternative to ROM. Lumbar spine MRI may be indicated to evaluate for spinal abnormalities. The role of defecography has not been properly evaluated in children. Anorectal manometry in children is indicated primarily to evaluate anal resting pressure, presence and quality of the recto-anal inhibitory reflex and simulated defecation manoeuvres. The CM is indicated to guide surgical interventions after failing medical therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
The goal of these studies is to identify treatable causes of constipation. Most of these studies are designed to evaluate anatomy, transit and/or colon/rectum motility function and are primarily indicated in those who fail to respond to conventional therapy.
PubMed: 38940015
DOI: 10.1111/apt.17857 -
Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine Apr 2024The white cerebellum sign (WCS) is a classical but rare radiological finding usually associated with irreversible diffuse hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury. Very few...
INTRODUCTION
The white cerebellum sign (WCS) is a classical but rare radiological finding usually associated with irreversible diffuse hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury. Very few cases exist in the literature globally, especially from the West African region, as a potential hallmark of poor prognostic outcome. We describe the white cerebellum sign in a Nigerian pediatric patient, managed for severe head injury.
CASE PRESENTATION
A fourteen-year old boy presented to our emergency department with loss of consciousness following a pedestrian road traffic accident. Physical examination revealed a critically ill boy with fever, hypotension, tachycardia, gasping respiration, GCS 3, bilateral dilated unreactive pupils, absent corneal, gag and oculocephalic reflexes. He was thus diagnosed of severe traumatic brain injury and brainstem dysfunction. He had endotracheal intubation, ventilatory and inotropic support. Cranial computerized tomography scan of the patient showed radiological features in keeping with the WCS. His clinical status remained poor until he suffered a cardiac arrest about twelve hours after admission.
CONCLUSION
WCS has been reported in relation to child abuse, anoxic-ischemic brain injury, inflammatory and metabolic brain disorders and trauma. It is a classical radiological description of diffuse cerebral edema alongside relatively normal cerebellar hemispheres and brainstem. Management of this pathology is symptomatic, and aims to ameliorate the associated raised intracranial pressure, control seizures and prevent cerebral infarction. The index patient, who presented 24 hours after severe head injury with associated early post-traumatic seizures, respiratory failure and brainstem dysfunction, had an unfavourable outcome consistent with previous reports of WCS. We have reported the rare but classical white cerebellum sign. It remains a grave prognosticator of cerebral injury and should be sought for in the neuroimaging of patients with acute brain insults.
PubMed: 38939880
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus May 2024Chest tube insertion is a common and relatively safe procedure in an emergency setting. However, a potentially fatal complication, vasovagal reflex, may be...
Chest tube insertion is a common and relatively safe procedure in an emergency setting. However, a potentially fatal complication, vasovagal reflex, may be under-recognized due to its generally mild severity. We present a case of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) requiring chest compression due to vasovagal reflex during chest tube insertion for spontaneous pneumothorax. A 23-year-old male who had a history of spontaneous pneumothorax presented with left chest pain to our emergency department. Based on point-of-care ultrasonography and chest radiography, we made a diagnosis of recurrent pneumothorax. Although he had stable vital signs and received adequate pain control, during chest tube insertion, he developed severe sinus bradycardia with a six-second pause, leading to PEA requiring chest compressions. After a few compressions, his heart rate increased and he regained consciousness. He underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pneumothorax and was discharged without complications. Vasovagal reflex during chest tube insertion in young patients with spontaneous pneumothorax may cause severe bradycardia and cardiac arrest. Physicians should be aware of this rare but potentially fatal complication and be prepared with appropriate measures, such as pre-administration of atropine, before chest tube insertion.
PubMed: 38939243
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61226 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Systemic administration of opioids has been associated with aspiration and swallow dysfunction in humans. We speculated that systemic administration of codeine would...
Systemic administration of opioids has been associated with aspiration and swallow dysfunction in humans. We speculated that systemic administration of codeine would induce dysfunctional swallowing and that this effect would have a peripheral component. Experiments were conducted in spontaneously breathing, anesthetized cats. The animals were tracheotomized and electromyogram (EMG) electrodes were placed in upper airway and chest wall respiratory muscles for recording swallow related motor activity. The animals were allocated into three groups: vagal intact (VI), cervical vagotomy (CVx), and supra-nodose ganglion vagotomy (SNGx). A dose response to intravenous codeine was performed in each animal. Swallowing was elicited by injection of 3 mL of water into the oropharynx. The number of swallows after vehicle was significantly higher in the VI group than in SNGx. Codeine had no significant effect on the number of swallows induced by water in any of the groups. However, the magnitudes of water swallow-related EMGs of the thyropharyngeus muscle were significantly increased in the VI and CVx groups by 2-4 fold in a dose-related manner. In the CVx group, the geniohyoid muscle EMG during water swallows was significantly increased. There was a significant dose-related increase in spontaneous swallowing in each group from codeine. The spontaneous swallow number at the 10 mg/kg dose of codeine was significantly larger in the CVx group than that in the SNGx group. During water-evoked swallows, intravenous codeine increased upper airway motor drive in a dose-related manner, consistent with dysregulation. The data support the existence of both central and peripheral actions of codeine on spontaneous swallowing. At the highest dose of codeine, the reduced spontaneous swallow number in the SNGx group relative to CVx is consistent with a peripheral excitatory action of codeine either on pharyngeal/laryngeal receptors or in the nodose ganglion itself. The higher number of swallows in the CVx group than the VI group supports disinhibition of this behavior by elimination of inhibitory vagal sensory afferents.
PubMed: 38938779
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1356603 -
Harm Reduction Journal Jun 2024Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) experience various forms of stigma at the individual, public, and structural levels that can affect how they access and engage...
BACKGROUND
Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) experience various forms of stigma at the individual, public, and structural levels that can affect how they access and engage with healthcare, particularly with medications for OUD treatment. Telehealth is a relatively new form of care delivery for OUD treatment. As reducing stigma surrounding OUD treatment is critical to address ongoing gaps in care, the aim of this study was to explore how telehealth impacts patient experiences of stigma.
METHODS
In this qualitative study, we interviewed patients with OUD at a single urban academic medical center consisting of multiple primary care and addiction clinics in Oregon, USA. Participants were eligible if they had (1) at least one virtual visit for OUD between March 2020 and December 2021, and (2) a prescription for buprenorphine not exclusively used for chronic pain. We conducted phone interviews between October and December 2022, then recorded, transcribed, dual-coded, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.
RESULTS
The mean age of participants (n = 30) was 40.5 years (range 20-63); 14 were women, 15 were men, and two were transgender, non-binary, or gender-diverse. Participants were 77% white, and 33% had experienced homelessness in the prior six months. We identified four themes regarding how telehealth for OUD treatment shaped patient perceptions of and experiences with stigma at the individual (1), public (2-3), and structural levels (4): (1) Telehealth offers wanted space and improved control over treatment setting; (2) Public stigma and privacy concerns can impact both telehealth and in-person encounters, depending on clinical and personal circumstances; (3) The social distance of telehealth could mitigate or exacerbate perceptions of clinician stigma, depending on both patient and clinician expectations; (4) The increased flexibility of telehealth translated to perceptions of increased clinician trust and respect.
CONCLUSIONS
The forms of stigma experienced by individuals with OUD are complex and multifaceted, as are the ways in which those experiences interact with telehealth-based care. The mixed results of this study support policies allowing for a more individualized, patient-centered approach to care delivery that allows patients a choice over how they receive OUD treatment services.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Telemedicine; Adult; Middle Aged; Social Stigma; Opioid-Related Disorders; Young Adult; Qualitative Research; Oregon; Buprenorphine; Opiate Substitution Treatment
PubMed: 38937779
DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-01043-5 -
Psicologia, Reflexao E Critica :... Jun 2024Considering that beliefs may be assessed and changed, inventories measuring employability and career beliefs may be of utmost importance for career interventions.
BACKGROUND
Considering that beliefs may be assessed and changed, inventories measuring employability and career beliefs may be of utmost importance for career interventions.
OBJECTIVE
This study introduces the psychometric properties of a brief version of the Employability and Career Beliefs Inventory (ECBI) in a sample of unemployed persons.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Altogether, 2023 unemployed persons aged from 18 to 66 years old and living in Southern Portugal participated in an online survey. The ECBI's original internal structure was tested and did not fit the data. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were implemented, and a three-factor solution was retained. The three factors discriminate three types of beliefs named growth, pessimism, and flexibility. Measurement invariance models identified scalar equivalence across gender and educational degree, and metric invariance across age. All items fit the graded response model's parameters. The growth and flexibility subscales were less effective in the assessment of low latent trait levels, whereas the opposite was observed with the pessimism subscale. Internal consistency is good yet discrimination between factors is questionable. Correlations to career decision-making self-efficacy evidence validity based on the relations to other constructs.
CONCLUSION
Despite the limitations, the brief version of the ECBI proposed in this study is ready for further use and development among unemployed persons.
PubMed: 38937371
DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00309-y -
Musculoskeletal Science & Practice Jun 2024Many physiotherapists do not feel adequately equipped to address psychosocial risk factors in people with complex pain states. Hence, a biopsychosocial blended...
BACKGROUND
Many physiotherapists do not feel adequately equipped to address psychosocial risk factors in people with complex pain states. Hence, a biopsychosocial blended intervention (Back2Action) was developed to assist physiotherapists to manage people with persistent spinal pain and coexisting psychosocial risk factors associated with the development or maintenance of persistent pain.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to gain insight into the experiences of physiotherapists with this blended psychosocial intervention.
DESIGN
and methods: This was an interpretative qualitative study with a reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with physiotherapists (N = 15) who delivered Back2Action. The interview started with the grand-tour question: "What was your experience in using Back2Action?" Physiotherapist were encouraged to provide examples, and follow-up questions were posed to ensure a deeper understanding could be reached.
RESULTS
Four themes were constructed: Physiotherapists became increasingly aware of (1) their own implicit expectations, biases and skills, and underlying treatment paradigms, and (2) the implicit expectations from their patients towards them. This led to (3) creating a deeper and stronger therapeutic alliance with the patient, but also (4) an understanding that implementation of a true biopsychosocial intervention - even if offered in a blended form - requires more practice, confidence and resources.
CONCLUSIONS
Back2Action is considered a valuable treatment to deliver a biopsychosocial intervention in primary care. Considering the high level of knowledge, skills and competency of the participating physiotherapists, the perceived barriers may be more difficult to overcome for more junior physiotherapists.
PubMed: 38936263
DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.103121