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Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift Apr 2024The purpose of this case report is to present misdiagnosed sebaceous gland carcinoma of the lower eyelid with rapid growth in a young woman during pregnancy. Eyelid...
The purpose of this case report is to present misdiagnosed sebaceous gland carcinoma of the lower eyelid with rapid growth in a young woman during pregnancy. Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor and a disease primarily of older patients. It occurs more commonly in oriental populations and with a predilection for the upper eyelid. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may help improve disease control and patient survival.
PubMed: 38634909
DOI: 10.1007/s00508-024-02349-x -
Veterinarni Medicina Mar 2024Multiple primary malignant tumours (MPMTs) are multiple neoplasms with independent pathogenetic origins, placing great importance on the tumorigenesis and clinical...
Multiple primary malignant tumours (MPMTs) are multiple neoplasms with independent pathogenetic origins, placing great importance on the tumorigenesis and clinical treatment. However, due to the rare occurrence and diagnostic confusion, MPMTs have rarely been investigated in veterinary medicine. In this report, a 10-year-old intact female Maltese dog had MPMTs, consisting of two malignant tumours and one benign tumour each derived from a topographically different site: tubular carcinoma in the mammary glands, leiomyosarcoma in the uterus and sebaceous epithelioma in the cheek. The unique combination of MPMTs would be the first case in veterinary research to give insight into the diagnosis, disease characteristics, and surgical treatment.
PubMed: 38623156
DOI: 10.17221/103/2023-VETMED -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Jul 2024Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor. Varying sized cysts and sheets composed of three cell types (epidermoid, intermediate,... (Review)
Review
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor. Varying sized cysts and sheets composed of three cell types (epidermoid, intermediate, and mucous cells) with varying degrees of atypia form the characteristic histological appearance of MEC. MEC frequently contains a wide variety of modified tumor cells and can be entirely cystic or completely solid. Under these circumstances, MEC requires critical differentiation from many mimickers, ranging from simple cysts and benign tumors to high-grade carcinomas. Tumor-associated lymphoid proliferation and sclerotic changes in the stroma also contribute to diagnostic difficulties. Several well-known diagnostically challenging variants (oncocytic, clear cell, spindle cell, and sclerosing) exist in MEC. With the advent of studies on specific CRTC1/3::MAML2 fusion genes in MEC, newly proposed subtypes have emerged, including Warthin-like and non-sebaceous lymphadenoma-like MECs. In addition to the recently defined mucoacinar variant with a serous cell phenotype, MEC devoid of squamous differentiation has also been reported, implying the need to reconsider this basic concept. In this article, we outline the general clinical features and MAML2 status of conventional MEC and review the cytoarchitectural subtypes, with an emphasis on a pitfall in the interpretation of this histologically diverse single entity.
Topics: Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Humans; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Biomarkers, Tumor; Transcription Factors; Trans-Activators
PubMed: 38609754
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2024.04.001 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Apr 2024Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a slow-growing but aggressive malignant skin tumour derived from sebaceous glands. SC most commonly occurs in the periocular region, whereas...
Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a slow-growing but aggressive malignant skin tumour derived from sebaceous glands. SC most commonly occurs in the periocular region, whereas extraocular sites are rare. SC of the nasal dorsum is a rare pathology, and only a few cases are reported worldwide. Here, we report a case of an 80-year-old man who presented with a mass over the nasal dorsum, diagnosed morphologically and immunohistochemically as sebaceous carcinoma.
PubMed: 38566732
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04439-0 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Jun 2024Sebaceous carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare histological subtype of breast cancer, with fewer than 30 cases reported to date. Because of its extremely rare...
Sebaceous carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare histological subtype of breast cancer, with fewer than 30 cases reported to date. Because of its extremely rare histological presentation, there are few case reports that highlight its cytological findings. In this case report, the cytomorphological features of a sebaceous carcinoma of the breast are described in detail. Cytomorphological analysis revealed atypical cells presenting predominantly as loose clusters. No tubular or papillary structures were evident in the clusters and no mucin production was observed. The diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast requires prominent sebaceous differentiation of cells. In Papanicolaou-stained smears, the differentiated tumor cells were found within the yellowish clusters. When these yellowish clusters were observed at high magnification and shifted out of focus, the sebaceous differentiation of tumor cells could be recognized. This finding is an advantage of observing Papanicolaou-stained specimens. Like previous reports, some individual cells showing sebaceous differentiation were also observed. In cases where many yellowish clusters appear, close observation of the interior of the clusters can confirm the presence of sebaceous differentiation of tumor cells and serve as a diagnostic clue for the cytological diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Breast Neoplasms; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 38533984
DOI: 10.1002/dc.25307 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Management of cutaneous malignancies can be particularly challenging when they are located in the periocular region. The standard of care for localized disease is... (Review)
Review
Management of cutaneous malignancies can be particularly challenging when they are located in the periocular region. The standard of care for localized disease is complete surgical excision, but this may not be possible without significant disruption to visual structures and facial appearance. Definitive radiation may be an option for some patients who cannot or do not wish to undergo surgery. Advances in systemic treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic skin cancers in the past 10 years have prompted investigation into neoadjuvant treatment of periocular cancers. The use of chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies have all been reported with varying degrees of success. For many patients, targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors should be considered depending on the cancer type, symptoms, and goals with the input of a multidisciplinary cancer care team. In this article, we systematically review the latest updates in surgical, radiotherapeutic, and medical management of periocular malignancies.
PubMed: 38500654
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1275930 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Mar 2024To analyze the clinical characteristics of scar cancer ulcer wound of head and face, and to investigate its diagnosis and treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the clinical characteristics of scar cancer ulcer wound of head and face, and to investigate its diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS
The clinical data of 14 patients with head and facial scar cancer ulcer wounds who met the selection criteria and admitted between January 2021 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 6 females. The age of onset ranged from 21 to 81 years with an average age of 61.6 years. The incubation period ranged from 1 month to 70 years, with a median of 4 years. Site of the disease included 7 cases of head, 6 cases of maxillofacial region, and 1 case of neck region. Injury factors included trauma in 5 cases, scratch in 5 cases, scalding in 2 cases, burn in 1 case, and needle puncture in 1 case. Pathological results showed squamous cell carcinoma in 9 cases, basal cell carcinoma in 3 cases, sebaceous adenocarcinoma in 1 case, papillary sweat duct cystadenoma combined with tubular apocrine sweat gland adenoma in 1 case. There was 1 case of simple extensive tumor resection, 1 case of extensive tumor resection and skin grafting repair, 7 cases of extensive tumor resection and local flap repair, and 5 cases of extensive tumor resection and free flap repair.
RESULTS
All the 14 patients were followed up 16-33 months (mean, 27.8 months). Two patients (14.29%) had scar cancer ulcer wound recurrence, of which 1 patient recurred at 2 years after 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy, and was still alive after oral traditional Chinese medicine treatment. One patient relapsed at 1 year after operation and died after 2 courses of chemotherapy. One patient underwent extensive resection of the left eye and periocular tumor and the transfer and repair of the chimaeric muscle axial flap with the perforating branch of the descending branch of the left lateral circumflex femoral artery, but the incision healing was poor after operation, and healed well after anti-infection and debridement suture. The wounds of other patients with scar cancer ulcer did not recur, and the wounds healed well.
CONCLUSION
Scar cancer ulcer wound of the head and face is common in the middle-aged and elderly male, and the main pathological type is squamous cell carcinoma. Local extensive resection, skin grafting, or flap transfer repair are the main treatment methods. Early active treatment of wounds after various injuries to avoid scar repeated rupture and infection is the foundamental prevention of scar cancer.
Topics: Middle Aged; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Cicatrix; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Ulcer; Retrospective Studies; Skin Transplantation; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Burns; Soft Tissue Injuries; Free Tissue Flaps; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Perforator Flap
PubMed: 38500429
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202312020 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Mar 2024Sebaceous carcinoma is a very rare malignant skin adnexal tumor that is occasionally aggressive. We have not seen a case of sebaceous carcinoma in our center in the last...
BACKGROUND
Sebaceous carcinoma is a very rare malignant skin adnexal tumor that is occasionally aggressive. We have not seen a case of sebaceous carcinoma in our center in the last 10 years. It is extremely rare in Black Africans.
CASE PRESENTATION
We described the case of a 55-year-old man African man who presented to our ophthalmologist with complaints of growth on the right upper eyelid for 8 months. He had surgery and chemotherapy for rectal carcinoma 6 years prior to presentation and received his last dose of chemotherapy 5 years before seeing our ophthalmologist. There was a history of spontaneous unprovoked bleeding from the lesion. He subsequently underwent surgical excision under general anesthesia. Histology of the mass showed an effaced architecture due to proliferating malignant epithelial cells disposed as trabecules, solid nests, and tongues. The microscopic features of widespread multivacuolated cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells led us to conclude that the tumor was a sebaceous carcinoma. The patient is alive and well.
CONCLUSION
Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant skin adnexal tumor in Black Africans. It can present as an eyelid mass with spontaneous bleeding. It can follow cancer chemotherapy either because of its association with other tumors in Muir-Torre syndrome or because of mutagenic effects of chemotherapeutic agents.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Muir-Torre Syndrome; Blepharoptosis; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 38500211
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04460-z -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Apr 2024Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasia comprises a spectrum of disease ranging from benign adenomas to malignant carcinomas. The hallmark of these lesions is sebaceous...
Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasia comprises a spectrum of disease ranging from benign adenomas to malignant carcinomas. The hallmark of these lesions is sebaceous differentiation. However, poorly-differentiated sebaceous carcinoma (SC), which lacks significant overt sebaceous differentiation, can show morphologic overlap with a variety of other basaloid cutaneous neoplasms. The accurate classification of SC is essential not only for diagnosis, but also because of the potential association with Muir-Torre syndrome. Androgen receptor (AR) is a sensitive, but not entirely specific immunohistochemical marker that has been used for the diagnosis of SC. PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) demonstrates strong cytoplasmic labeling of mature sebocytes and has been reported to be expressed in a variety of sebaceous neoplasms, including in the basaloid cell component. Therefore, we sought to compare the diagnostic use of cytoplasmic PRAME expression with that of AR for the distinction of SC from a cohort of basaloid cutaneous mimics; namely basal cell carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, pilomatricoma, cutaneous lymphadenoma, and extra-mammary Paget disease. We report that cytoplasmic PRAME expression is uncommon in poorly differentiated SC, and although specific, it shows very low sensitivity (22%). In contrast, AR was moderately sensitive (66%) and highly specific (92%) for the distinction of SC from basaloid mimics. These attributes, in addition to the nuclear expression of AR in the sebocytic and basaloid components of SC, suggest that AR is superior to PRAME for the diagnosis of SC.
Topics: Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Receptors, Androgen; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Muir-Torre Syndrome; Hair Diseases; Antigens, Neoplasm
PubMed: 38488347
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002496 -
Applied Immunohistochemistry &... Apr 2024To assess the expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) in normal skin and different types of skin tumors: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) in normal skin and different types of skin tumors: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma (MM), and cutaneous adnexal tumors containing sebaceous carcinoma (SC), trichoepithelioma (TE) and clear cell hidradenoma (CCH).
BACKGROUND
EGR3, expressed in multiple organs, including skin, plays an important role in cell differentiation and tumor growth. Previous studies have shown that EGR3 suppresses tumor growth and is downregulated in various malignancies. However, its distribution in normal skin and its expression especially in skin tumors have not been studied.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples of normal cases (n = 4), cSCC (n = 12), BCC (n = 12), MM (n = 12), SC (n = 4), TE (n = 4), and CCH (n = 4) were collected from patients treated in our department between 2018 and 2023. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of EGR3. The results were analyzed with the description of the staining pattern and the histochemical score.
RESULTS
Immunohistochemical staining showed that EGR3 was uniquely expressed in normal skin in the granular layer and upper part of the stratum spinosum, as well as in sebaceous glands and hair follicles, but not in sweat glands. In skin cancers, BCC, SC, and TE showed positive EGR3 staining, whereas cSCC, MM, and CCH were negative.
CONCLUSIONS
EGR3 has a specific expression pattern in normal skin and in skin tumors, which is important for the differential diagnosis of skin tumors, in particular for cSCC and sebaceous gland carcinoma.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Melanoma; Neoplasms, Basal Cell; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 38478384
DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000001191