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Journal of Cancer Survivorship :... Jul 2024Prostate cancer survivors may benefit from a supportive social environment. We investigated associations of social integration and long-term physical and psychosocial...
PURPOSE
Prostate cancer survivors may benefit from a supportive social environment. We investigated associations of social integration and long-term physical and psychosocial quality of life among prostate cancer survivors who were participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
METHODS
We included 1,428 individuals diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer between 2008 and 2016. Social integration was measured by the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI) and marital status. We fit generalized linear mixed effect models for associations of SNI and marital status with patient reported outcome measures on physical and psychosocial quality of life captured between 2008 and 2020, adjusting for age, race, employment status, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking history, and clinical factors.
RESULTS
Among those with baseline SNI (N = 1,362), 46.4% were socially integrated, 20.3% were moderately integrated, 27.4% were moderately isolated, and 5.9% were socially isolated. Among those reporting baseline marital status (N = 1,428), 89.5% were married. Socially integrated survivors (vs. socially isolated) reported fewer depressive signs and better psychosocial wellbeing. Physical quality of life did not differ by social integration. Married survivors (vs. not married) reported fewer urinary symptoms, but there were no differences in bowel, sexual, or vitality/hormonal symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Among prostate cancer survivors, being socially integrated was associated with fewer depressive signs and better psychosocial wellbeing, and married prostate cancer survivors had fewer urinary symptoms.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
This study highlighted aspects of long-term physical and psychosocial quality of life that are more favorable among prostate cancer survivors with a supportive social environment.
PubMed: 38951371
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01632-0 -
International Urogynecology Journal Jul 2024The objective was to study the incidence of urinary incontinence (UI), associated risk factors and quality of life (QOL) in postpartum women.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
The objective was to study the incidence of urinary incontinence (UI), associated risk factors and quality of life (QOL) in postpartum women.
METHODS
A prospective study was conducted with 406 postpartum women at Rajavithi Hospital and followed up over the phone between June 2020 and September 2021. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnant women aged 18-45 years, and gestational age ≥ 37 weeks. Baseline characteristics (age, body mass index, birthweight, gestational age, parity, delivery type, smoking, and alcohol and caffeine intake) were recorded. UI was defined as a score ≥ 16.7% using the Urogenital Distress Inventory. Incontinence-related QOL was evaluated using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire: a score of ≥ 70 indicated poor QOL. Outcomes were assessed during the postpartum period at 2 days, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for UI.
RESULTS
The incidence of self-reported UI at 2 days, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum were 39%, 3%, 1%, and 0% respectively. Caffeine consumption during pregnancy was only a risk factor for UI (adjusted RR 1.61, 95%CI 1.27-2.05, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, BMI, birthweight, parity, delivery type, alcohol, smoking, and pelvic floor exercise. Three women with UI had poor QOL, whereas all women without UI reported a good QOL.
CONCLUSION
In our study sample, urinary incontinence was found in one-third of women during the early postpartum period, but for most women symptoms improved with the first 6 weeks and all resolved at 6 months. In this study, caffeine consumption during pregnancy was the only risk factor for UI.
PubMed: 38951165
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-024-05833-0 -
Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Smoking Cessation; Biological Products
PubMed: 38950974
DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2024.000005 -
The Journal of Rheumatology Jul 2024Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is prevalent in many Indigenous North American First Nations (FN) and tends to be seropositive, familial, and disabling, as well as associated... (Review)
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is prevalent in many Indigenous North American First Nations (FN) and tends to be seropositive, familial, and disabling, as well as associated with highly unfavorable outcomes such as early mortality. The risk of developing RA is based on a perfect storm of gene-environment interactions underpinning this risk. The gene-environment interactions include a high frequency of shared epitope encoding HLA alleles, particularly , in the background population, and prevalent predisposing environmental factors such as smoking and periodontal disease. Together, these provide a compelling rationale for an RA prevention agenda in FN communities. Our research team has worked in partnership with several FN communities to prospectively follow the first-degree relatives of FN patients with RA, with the aim of better understanding the preclinical stages of RA in this population. We have focused on specific features of the anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and other proteomic biomarkers as predictors of future development of RA. These studies have now led us to consider interventions having a favorable risk-benefit ratio if applied at a stage prior to a hypothetical "point of no return," when the autoimmunity potentially becomes irreversible. Based on a supportive mouse model and available human studies of curcumin, omega-3, and vitamin D supplements, we are undertaking studies where we screen communities using dried blood spot technology adapted for the detection of ACPA, and then enrolling ACPA-positive individuals in studies that use a combination of these supplements. These studies are guided by shared decision-making principles.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomarkers; Gene-Environment Interaction; HLA-DRB1 Chains; Indians, North American
PubMed: 38950968
DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2024-0369_dunlop-dottridge -
The British Journal of General Practice... Jul 2024Routine primary care data may be a valuable resource for preconception health research and informing provision of preconception care.
BACKGROUND
Routine primary care data may be a valuable resource for preconception health research and informing provision of preconception care.
AIM
To review how primary care data could provide information on the prevalence of preconception indicators and examine associations with maternal and offspring health outcomes.
DESIGN AND SETTING
Systematic review of observational studies using UK routine primary care data.
METHOD
Literature searches were conducted in five databases (March 2023) to identify observational studies that used national primary care data from individuals aged 15-49 years. Preconception indicators were defined as medical, behavioural and social factors that may impact future pregnancies. Health outcomes included those that may occur during and after pregnancy. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers.
RESULTS
From 5,259 records screened, 42 articles were included. The prevalence of 30 preconception indicators was described for female patients, ranging from 0.01% for sickle cell disease to >20% for each of advanced maternal age, previous caesarean section (among those with a recorded pregnancy), overweight, obesity, smoking, depression and anxiety (irrespective of pregnancy). Few studies reported indicators for male patients (n=3) or associations with outcomes (n=5). Most studies had low risk of bias, but missing data may limit generalisability.
CONCLUSION
Findings demonstrate that routinely collected UK primary care data can be used to identify patients preconception care needs. Linking primary care data with health outcomes collected in other datasets is underutilised but could help quantify how optimising preconception health and care can reduce adverse outcomes for mothers and children.
PubMed: 38950944
DOI: 10.3399/BJGP.2024.0082 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Jun 2024Biological age uses biophysiological information to capture a person's age-related risk of adverse outcomes. MetaboAge and MetaboHealth are metabolomics-based biomarkers...
Biological age uses biophysiological information to capture a person's age-related risk of adverse outcomes. MetaboAge and MetaboHealth are metabolomics-based biomarkers of biological age trained on chronological age and mortality risk, respectively. Lifestyle factors contribute to the extent chronological and biological age differ. The association of lifestyle factors with MetaboAge and MetaboHealth, potential sex differences in these associations, and MetaboAge's and MetaboHealth's sensitivity to lifestyle changes have not been studied yet. Linear regression analyses and mixed-effect models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of scaled lifestyle factors with scaled MetaboAge and MetaboHealth in 24,332 middle-aged participants from the Doetinchem Cohort Study, Rotterdam Study, and UK Biobank. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed across cohorts. Repeated metabolomics measurements had a ten-year interval in the Doetinchem Cohort Study and a five-year interval in the UK Biobank. In the first study incorporating longitudinal information on MetaboAge and MetaboHealth, we demonstrate associations between current smoking, sleeping ≥8hours/day, higher BMI, and larger waist circumference were associated with higher MetaboHealth, the latter two also with higher MetaboAge. Furthermore, adhering to the dietary and physical activity guidelines were inversely associated with MetaboHealth. Lastly, we observed sex differences in the associations between alcohol use and MetaboHealth.
PubMed: 38950629
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111958 -
Nutrition and Cancer Jul 2024This study aimed to investigate disease-related risk factors, malnutrition status, and life quality of individuals receiving treatment for head and neck cancer.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate disease-related risk factors, malnutrition status, and life quality of individuals receiving treatment for head and neck cancer.
METHODS
This study which was done at a private hospital for 1 year, was comprised of 42 individuals, with 21 head and neck cancer patients (PG) and 21 controls (CG). Anthropometric measurements were taken, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The NRS-2002 test was applied to assess malnutrition status. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module (EORTC-QLQ-H&N-35) were used to determine individuals' life quality.
RESULTS
Smokers were 10.264 times more likely to develop the disease than nonsmokers. When serum albumin level increased by 1 unit, the risk of the disease decreased by 32.8%. Results indicated that patients with a risk of malnutrition exhibited statistically significant levels of pain, verbal communication, social-eating, sexuality, limited mouth-opening capacity, and weight-loss compared to those without a risk of malnutrition ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Malnutrition status of individuals was found to affect quality of life. Smoking and low serum albumin levels have been found to be risk factors for head and neck cancer.
PubMed: 38950591
DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2365470 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jul 2024Meta-analyses have concluded that positive emotions do not reduce appetitive risk behaviors (risky behaviors that fulfill appetitive or craving states, such as smoking...
Meta-analyses have concluded that positive emotions do not reduce appetitive risk behaviors (risky behaviors that fulfill appetitive or craving states, such as smoking and excessive alcohol use). We propose that this conclusion is premature. Drawing on the Appraisal Tendency Framework and related theories of emotion and decision-making, we hypothesized that gratitude (a positive emotion) can decrease cigarette smoking, a leading cause of premature death globally. A series of multimethod studies provided evidence supporting our hypothesis (collective = 34,222). Using nationally representative US samples and an international sample drawn from 87 countries, Studies 1 and 2 revealed that gratitude was inversely associated with likelihood of smoking, even after accounting for numerous covariates. Other positive emotions (e.g., compassion) lacked such consistent associations, as expected. Study 3, and its replication, provided further support for emotion specificity: Experimental induction of gratitude, unlike compassion or sadness, reduced cigarette craving compared to a neutral state. Study 4, and its replication, showed that inducing gratitude causally increased smoking cessation behavior, as evidenced by enrollment in a web-based cessation intervention. Self-reported gratitude mediated the effects in both experimental studies. Finally, Study 5 found that current antismoking messaging campaigns by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention primarily evoked sadness and compassion, but seldom gratitude. Together, our studies advance understanding of positive emotion effects on appetitive risk behaviors; they also offer practical implications for the design of public health campaigns.
Topics: Humans; Emotions; Male; Female; Health Behavior; Public Health; Adult; Health Promotion; Smoking Cessation; Middle Aged; Smoking; United States
PubMed: 38950367
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320750121 -
Neurology Aug 2024Prolonged cardiac monitoring (PCM) increases atrial fibrillation (AF) detection after ischemic stroke, but access is limited, and it is burdensome for patients. Our...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Prolonged cardiac monitoring (PCM) increases atrial fibrillation (AF) detection after ischemic stroke, but access is limited, and it is burdensome for patients. Our objective was to assess whether midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) could classify people who are unlikely to have AF after ischemic stroke and allow better targeting of PCM.
METHODS
We analyzed people from the Biomarker Signature of Stroke Aetiology (BIOSIGNAL) study with ischemic stroke, no known AF, and ≥3 days cardiac monitoring. External validation was performed in the Preventing Recurrent Cardioembolic Stroke: Right Approach, Right Patient (PRECISE) study of 28 days of cardiac monitoring in people with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and no known AF. The main outcome is no AF detection. We assessed the discriminatory value of MR-proANP and NT-proBNP combined with clinical variables to identify people with no AF. A decision curve analysis was performed with combined data to determine the net reduction in people who would undergo PCM using the models based on a 15% threshold probability for AF detection.
RESULTS
We included 621 people from the BIOSIGNAL study. The clinical multivariable prediction model included age, NIH Stroke Scale score, lipid-lowering therapy, creatinine, and smoking status. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for clinical variables was 0.68 (95% CI 0.62-0.74), which improved with the addition of logMR-proANP (0.72, 0.66-0.78; = 0.001) or logNT-proBNP (0.71, 0.65-0.77; = 0.009). Performance was similar for the models with logMR-proANP vs logNT-proBNP ( = 0.28). In 239 people from the PRECISE study, the AUROC for clinical variables was 0.68 (0.59-0.76), which improved with the addition of logNT-proBNP (0.73, 0.65-0.82; < 0.001) or logMR-proANP (0.79, 0.72-0.86; < 0.001). Performance was better for the model with logMR-proANP vs logNT-proBNP ( = 0.03). The models could reduce the number of people who would undergo PCM by 30% (clinical and logMR-proANP), 27% (clinical and logNT-proBNP), or 20% (clinical only).
DISCUSSION
MR-proANP and NT-proBNP help classify people who are unlikely to have AF after ischemic stroke. Measuring MR-proANP or NT-proBNP could reduce the number of people who need PCM by 30%, without reducing the amount of AF detected.
TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION
NCT02274727; clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02274727.
Topics: Humans; Atrial Fibrillation; Male; Female; Aged; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Peptide Fragments; Middle Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Ischemic Stroke; Cohort Studies; Aged, 80 and over; Stroke
PubMed: 38950311
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209625 -
Oncology Nursing Forum Jun 2024To identify subgroups of patients with distinct cough occurrence profiles and evaluate for differences among these subgroups.
OBJECTIVES
To identify subgroups of patients with distinct cough occurrence profiles and evaluate for differences among these subgroups.
SAMPLE & SETTING
Outpatients receiving chemotherapy (N = 1,338) completed questionnaires six times over two chemotherapy cycles.
METHODS & VARIABLES
Occurrence of cough was assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups with distinct cough occurrence profiles. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate for differences.
RESULTS
Four distinct cough profiles were identified (None, Decreasing, Increasing, and High). Risk factors associated with membership in the High class included lower annual household income; history of smoking; self-reported diagnoses of lung disease, heart disease, and back pain; and having lung cancer.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Clinicians need to assess all patients with cancer for cough and provide targeted interventions.
Topics: Humans; Cough; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Smoking; Comorbidity; Adult; Neoplasms; Surveys and Questionnaires; Antineoplastic Agents; Risk Factors; Income; Heart Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Cost of Illness; Symptom Burden
PubMed: 38950088
DOI: 10.1188/24.ONF.E4-E24