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Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Mar 2023Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and enter the terrestrial food chain via plant uptake. However, plant uptake behaviors of TiO...
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and enter the terrestrial food chain via plant uptake. However, plant uptake behaviors of TiO NPs remain elusive. Here, the uptake kinetics of TiO NPs by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings and the effects on cation flux in roots were examined in a hydroponic system. Uptake rate of TiO NPs ranged from 119.0 to 604.2 mg kg h within 8 h exposure. NP uptake decreased by 83% and 47%, respectively, in the presence of sodium azide (NaN) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), indicating an energy-dependent uptake of TiO NPs. Moreover, accompanied with TiO NP uptake, net influx of Cd decreased by 81%, while Na flux shifted from inflow to outflow at the meristematic zone of root. These findings provide valuable information for understanding plant uptake of TiO NPs.
Topics: Seedlings; Triticum; Nanoparticles; Titanium; Cations
PubMed: 36991215
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03665-6 -
BMC Plant Biology Mar 2023Cyanide is a toxic chemical that inhibits cellular respiration. In plants, cyanide can be produced by themselves, especially under stressful conditions. Cyanoalanine...
BACKGROUND
Cyanide is a toxic chemical that inhibits cellular respiration. In plants, cyanide can be produced by themselves, especially under stressful conditions. Cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) is a key enzyme involved in plant cyanide detoxification. There are three genes encoding CAS in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the roles of these genes in the plant's response to stress are less studied. In addition, it is known that alternative oxidase (AOX) mediates cyanide-resistant respiration, but the relationship between CAS and AOX in regulating the plant stress response remains largely unknown.
RESULTS
Here, the effects of the overexpression or mutation of these three CAS genes on salt stress tolerance were investigated. The results showed that under normal conditions, the overexpression or mutation of the CAS genes had no significant effect on the seed germination and growth of Arabidopsis thaliana compared with wild type (WT). However, under 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl conditions, the seeds overexpressing CAS genes showed stronger salt stress resistance, i.e., higher germination speed than WT seeds, especially those that overexpressed the CYS-C1 and CYS-D1 genes. In contrast, the seeds with CAS gene mutations exhibited salt sensitivity, and their germination ability and growth were significantly damaged by 100 and 200 mM NaCl. Importantly, this difference in salt stress resistance became more pronounced in CAS-OE, WT, and mutant seeds with increasing salt concentration. The CAS-OE seeds maintained higher respiration rates than the WT and CAS mutant seeds under salt stress conditions. The cyanide contents in CAS mutant seeds were approximately 3 times higher than those in WT seeds and more than 5 times higher than those in CAS-OE seeds. In comparison, plants overexpressing CYS-C1 had the fastest detoxification of cyanide and the best salt tolerance, followed by those overexpressing CYS-D1 and CYS-D2. Furthermore, less hydrogen sulfide (HS) was observed in CAS-OE seedlings than in WT seedlings under long-term salt stress conditions. Nonetheless, the lack of AOX impaired CAS-OE-mediated plant salt stress resistance, suggesting that CAS and AOX interact to improve salt tolerance is essential. The results also showed that CAS and AOX contributed to the reduction in oxidative damage by helping maintain relatively high levels of antioxidant enzyme activity.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the findings of the present study suggest that overexpression of Arabidopsis CAS family genes plays a positive role in salt stress tolerance and highlights the contribution of AOX to CAS-mediated plant salt resistance, mainly by reducing cyanide and HS toxicity.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Cyanides; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Germination; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Plants, Genetically Modified; Salt Tolerance; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 36973660
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04167-1 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Mar 2023To explore the protective effects of sodium valproic acid (VPA) on oxidative stress injury of osteoblasts induced by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the protective effects of sodium valproic acid (VPA) on oxidative stress injury of osteoblasts induced by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and its mechanism.
METHODS
Osteoblasts were isolated from the skulls of 10 newborn Sprague Dawley rats and cultured by tissue block method, and the 1st generation cells were identified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining. The 3rd generation osteoblasts were cultured with 2-18 μmol/L CCCP for 2-18 minutes, and cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the cell survival rate. An appropriate inhibitory concentration and culture time were selected for the preparation of osteoblasts oxidative stress injury model based on half maximal concentration principle. The cells were cultured with 0.2- 2.0 mmol/mL VPA for 12-72 hours, and CCK-8 was used to detect cell activity, and appropriate concentration was selected for further treatment. The 3rd generation cells were randomly divided into 4 groups, including blank control group (normal cultured cells), CCCP group (the cells were cultured according to the selected appropriate CCCP concentration and culture time), VPA+CCCP group (the cells were pretreated according to the appropriate VAP concentration and culture time, and then cultured with CCCP), VPA+CCCP+ML385 group (the cells were pretreated with 10 μmol/L Nrf inhibitor ML385 for 2 hours before VPA treatment, and other treatments were the same as VPA+CCCP group). After the above treatment was complete, the cells of 4 groups were taken to detect oxidative stress indicators [reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA)], cell apoptosis rate, ALP/alizarin red staining, and the relative expressions of osteogenic related proteins [bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), RUNX2], anti-apoptotic family protein (Bcl2), apoptotic core protein (Cleaved-Caspase-3, Bax), channel protein (Nrf2) by Western blot.
RESULTS
The osteoblasts were successfully extracted. According to the results of CCK-8 assay, the oxidative stress injury model was established by 10 μmol/L CCCP cultured for 10 minutes and 0.8 mmol/mL VPA cultured for 24 hours was selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with blank control group, the activity and mineralization capacity of osteoblasts in CCCP group decreased, the contents of ROS and MDA increased, the activity of SOD decreased, and the apoptosis rate increased. Meanwhile, the relative expressions of BMP-2, RUNX2, and Bcl2 decreased, and the relative expressions of Cleaved-Caspase-3, Nrf2, and Bax increased. The differences were significant ( <0.05). After further VPA treatment, the oxidative stress damage of osteoblasts in VPA+CCCP group was relieved, and the above indexes showed a recovery trend ( <0.05). In VPA+CCCP+ML385 group, the above indexes showed an opposite trend ( <0.05), and the protective effects of VPA were reversed.
CONCLUSION
VPA can inhibit the CCCP-induced oxidative stress injury of osteoblasts and promote osteogenesis via Keap1/Nrf2/Are pathway.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Caspase 3; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Osteoblasts; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase; Valproic Acid
PubMed: 36940990
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202210030 -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology May 2023Sodium nitrite (NaNO) is a universal antidote for patients with cyanide poisoning. However, its use has serious drawbacks in terms of efficacy and safety. Herein, we...
Sodium nitrite (NaNO) is a universal antidote for patients with cyanide poisoning. However, its use has serious drawbacks in terms of efficacy and safety. Herein, we present a promising antidote: methemoglobin (metHb)-albumin clusters. The metHb-albumin cluster is made by a metHb core wrapped by covalently bound human serum albumin. Spectral analyses proved that the metHb-albumin clusters possessed cyanide-binding properties similar to those of naked metHb. In vitro cell experiments showed that metHb-albumin clusters prevented the cyanide-induced inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity, resulting in a strong cytoprotective effect. In mice subjected to cyanide poisoning, metHb-albumin clusters reduced mortality and alleviated metabolic acidosis, while maintaining the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in organs; their efficacy was better than that of NaNO. Furthermore, the oxygen carrying capacity was maintained in poisoned mice treated with metHb-albumin clusters and was low in those treated with NaNO. These results indicate that metHb-albumin clusters could be a more effective and safer antidote against cyanide poisoning than NaNO.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Methemoglobin; Cyanides; Antidotes; Electron Transport Complex IV; Albumins
PubMed: 36934860
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116472 -
Chemosphere Jun 2023Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that disturb iodide uptake into the thyroid and have been implicated in child...
Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that disturb iodide uptake into the thyroid and have been implicated in child development. However, no data are available on the association between exposure to/related with them and dyslexia. Here, we examined the association of exposure to/related with the three NIS inhibitors with the risk of dyslexia in a case-control study. The three chemicals were detected in urine samples of 355 children with dyslexia and 390 children without dyslexia from three cities in China. The adjusted odds ratios for dyslexia were examined using logistic regression models. The detection frequencies of all the targeted compounds were 100%. After adjusting for multiple covariates, urinary thiocyanate was significantly associated with the risk of dyslexia (P-trend = 0.02). Compared with the lowest quartile, children within the highest quartile had a 2.66-fold risk of dyslexia (95% confidence interval: 1.32, 5.36]. Stratified analyses showed that the association between urinary thiocyanate level and the risk of dyslexia was more pronounced among boys, children with fixed reading time, and those without maternal depression or anxiety during pregnancy. Urinary perchlorate and nitrate levels were not associated with the risk of dyslexia. This study suggests the possible neurotoxicity of thiocyanate or its parent compounds in dyslexia. Further investigation is warranted to confirm our findings and clarify the potential mechanisms.
Topics: Male; Pregnancy; Female; Child; Humans; Nitrates; Thiocyanates; Perchlorates; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 36898444
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138349 -
Journal of Dermatological Science Feb 2023Melanoma is the most common form of skin cancer. Given its high metastasis and high recurrence, its therapies are constantly updated.
BACKGROUND
Melanoma is the most common form of skin cancer. Given its high metastasis and high recurrence, its therapies are constantly updated.
OBJECTIVE
The study aims to prove the efficacy of sodium thiosulfate (STS), an antidote to cyanide or nitroprusside poisoning, in melanoma treatment.
METHODS
We tested the effect of STS by culturing melanoma cells (B16 and A375) in vitro and establishing melanoma mouse models in vivo. The proliferation and viability of melanoma cells were measured by the CCK-8 test, cell cycle assay, apoptosis analysis, wound healing assay, and transwell migration assay. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated molecules, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related molecules were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.
RESULTS
The high metastasis of melanoma is considered to be linked to the EMT process. The scratch assay using B16 and A375 cells also showed that STS could inhibit the EMT process of melanoma. We demonstrated that STS inhibited the proliferation, viability, and EMT process of melanoma by releasing HS. STS-mediated weakening of cell migration was related to the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we defined that STS inhibited the EMT process via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the negative effect of STS on melanoma development is mediated by the reduction of EMT via the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provides a new clue to treating melanoma.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; beta Catenin; Cell Movement; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 36870927
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.02.002 -
Model-Free Adaptive Control of Hydrometallurgy Cascade Gold Leaching Process with Input Constraints.ACS Omega Feb 2023Hydrometallurgy technology can directly deal with low grade and complex materials, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of resources, and effectively adapt to the...
Hydrometallurgy technology can directly deal with low grade and complex materials, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of resources, and effectively adapt to the demand of low carbon and cleaner production. A series of cascade continuous stirred tank reactors are usually applied in the gold leaching industrial process. The equations of leaching process mechanism model are mainly composed of gold conservation, cyanide ion conservation, and kinetic reaction rate equations. The derivation of the theoretical model involves many unknown parameters and some ideal assumptions, which leads to difficulty and imprecision in establishing the accurate mechanism model of the leaching process. Imprecise mechanism models limit the application of model-based control algorithms in the leaching process. Due to the constraints and limitations of the input variables in the cascade leaching process, a novel model-free adaptive control algorithm based on compact form dynamic linearization with integration (ICFDL-MFAC) control factor is first constructed. The constraints between input variables is realized by setting the initial value of the input to the pseudo-gradient and the weight of the integral coefficient. The proposed pure data-driven ICFDL-MFAC algorithm has anti-integral saturation ability and can achieve faster control rate and higher control precision. This control strategy can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of sodium cyanide and reduce environmental pollution. The consistent stability of the proposed control algorithm is also analyzed and proved. Compared with the existing model-free control algorithms, the merit and practicability of the control algorithm are verified by the practical leaching industrial process test. The proposed model-free control strategy has advantages of strong adaptive ability, robustness, and practicability. The MFAC algorithm can also be easily applied to control the multi-input multi-output of other industrial processes.
PubMed: 36844568
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06830 -
Birth Defects Research Apr 2023The National Toxicology Program (NTP, 1993) reported male reproductive effects in a sodium cyanide (NaCN) drinking water study. The critical effect, decreased cauda...
BACKGROUND
The National Toxicology Program (NTP, 1993) reported male reproductive effects in a sodium cyanide (NaCN) drinking water study. The critical effect, decreased cauda epididymis weights, was used by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for their hazard characterization and risk assessment of hydrogen cyanide and cyanide salts. To further investigate potential male reproductive effects, we conducted a new 90-day drinking water study.
METHODS
Our study expanded evaluations of testes and thyroid. Male F344 rats received NaCN in drinking water at 0, 0 (water restricted; paired to top dose), 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 ppm for 13 weeks, followed by 10-weeks recovery.
RESULTS
Plasma thiocyanate increased dose-dependently but returned to baseline during recovery. NaCN caused neither effects on survival, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, thyroid hormones, testes or epididymides weights, sperm motility/viability, sperm morphology, or sperm production; nor clinical, ophthalmic, or histopathologic findings. Increased organ weights in thyroid/parathyroid and liver occurred at 300-ppm but were recoverable. No changes occurred in male reproductive organs.
CONCLUSIONS
Absent adverse effects, the NOAEL was 300 ppm (21.66 mg/kg/day; highest dose tested). Based on organ weight increases at 300 ppm, the NOEL was 100 ppm (7.46 mg/kg/day).
Topics: United States; Rats; Male; Animals; Rats, Inbred F344; Drinking Water; Sodium Cyanide; Sperm Motility; Semen; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 36843237
DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2163 -
Autophagy Sep 2023Mitophagy, which selectively eliminates the dysfunctional and excess mitochondria by autophagy, is crucial for cellular homeostasis under stresses such as hypoxia....
Mitophagy, which selectively eliminates the dysfunctional and excess mitochondria by autophagy, is crucial for cellular homeostasis under stresses such as hypoxia. Dysregulation of mitophagy has been increasingly linked to many disorders including neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype, is reported to be characterized by hypoxia. However, the role of mitophagy in hypoxic TNBC as well as the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unexplored. Here, we identified GPCPD1 (glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 1), a key enzyme in choline metabolism, as an essential mediator in hypoxia-induced mitophagy. Under the hypoxic condition, we found that GPCPD1 was depalmitoylated by LYPLA1, which facilitated the relocating of GPCPD1 to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Mitochondria-localized GPCPD1 could bind to VDAC1, the substrate for PRKN/PARKIN-dependent ubiquitination, thus interfering with the oligomerization of VDAC1. The increased monomer of VDAC1 provided more anchor sites to recruit PRKN-mediated polyubiquitination, which consequently triggered mitophagy. In addition, we found that GPCPD1-mediated mitophagy exerted a promotive effect on tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC both and . We further determined that GPCPD1 could serve as an independent prognostic indicator in TNBC. In conclusion, our study provides important insights into a mechanistic understanding of hypoxia-induced mitophagy and elucidates that GPCPD1 could act as a potential target for the future development of novel therapy for TNBC patients.: ACTB: actin beta; 5-aza: 5-azacytidine; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; CsA: cyclosporine; DOX: doxorubicin; FIS1: fission, mitochondrial 1; FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1; GPCPD1: glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 1; HAM: hydroxylamine; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HRE: hypoxia response element; IF: immunofluorescence; LB: lysis buffer; LC3B/MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LYPLA1: lysophospholipase 1; LYPLA2: lysophospholipase 2; MDA231: MDA-MB-231; MDA468: MDA-MB-468; MFN1: mitofusin 1; MFN2: mitofusin 2; MKI67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; OS: overall survival; PalmB: palmostatin B; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; VBIT-4: VDAC inhibitor; VDAC1: voltage dependent anion channel 1; WT: wild type.
Topics: Humans; Autophagy; Lysophospholipase; Mitophagy; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Phospholipases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitination; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1
PubMed: 36803235
DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2182482 -
Nanoscale Advances Jan 2023Graphene, one of the allotropic forms of carbon, has attracted enormous interest in the last few years due to its unique properties. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is...
Graphene, one of the allotropic forms of carbon, has attracted enormous interest in the last few years due to its unique properties. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is known as the nanomaterial most similar to graphene in terms of electronic, chemical, mechanical, and optical properties. It is prepared from graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of different types of reducing agents. Nevertheless, the application of RGO is still limited, owing to its tendency to irreversibly aggregate in an aqueous medium. Herein, we disclosed the preparation of water-dispersible RGO from GO previously enriched with additional carboxyl functional groups through a one-pot reaction, followed by chemical reduction. This novel and unprecedentedly reported reactivity of GO toward the acylating agent succinic anhydride (SA) was experimentally investigated through XPS, Raman, FT-IR, and UV-Vis, and corroborated by DFT calculations, which have shown a peculiar involvement in the functionalization reaction of both epoxide and hydroxyl functional groups. This proposed synthetic protocol avoids use of sodium cyanide, previously reported for carboxylation of graphene, and focuses on the sustainable and scalable preparation of a water-dispersible RGO, paving the way for its application in many fields where the colloidal stability in aqueous medium is required.
PubMed: 36756527
DOI: 10.1039/d2na00771a