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Nordisk Alkohol- & Narkotikatidskrift :... Jun 2024Research has shown that a family member's problematic substance use has significant deleterious mental and physical health impacts on other members of the family. Women...
Research has shown that a family member's problematic substance use has significant deleterious mental and physical health impacts on other members of the family. Women are more often affected than men. These negative health effects persist as the person with problematic substance use ages, and they vary according to the relationship status. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how women experience and are affected by their family member's substance use problems. A metaphorical analysis of narrative interviews with 11 daughters and five wives of older adults (>65 years) with problematic substance use. We identified four areas of signification in which metaphors were employed: (1) experiences (chaos and crash and walking on eggshells); (2) strategies (complicity and silencing); (3) dilemmas (deceit or a disease and open or closed dilemmas); and (4) consequences (obtaining or retaining an identity, health and different types of help). Family life with a parent or spouse with a substance use problem was described as chaotic, unsafe, uncertain and with no prospects of change. The study illustrates how metaphors are used to mediate experiences and worldviews pertaining to existential matters founded in deep negative emotions, deceit, shame and stigma. Metaphors make up a crucial material for communicating emotions and themes that are difficult to convey due to shame and stigma.
PubMed: 38903891
DOI: 10.1177/14550725241230744 -
Aging & Mental Health Jun 2024Little is known about the heterogeneity and transitions between psychological adaptation patterns in Chinese older internal migrants. This study addressed two questions:...
OBJECTIVES
Little is known about the heterogeneity and transitions between psychological adaptation patterns in Chinese older internal migrants. This study addressed two questions: (a) Do distinct patterns of psychological adaptation exist among Chinese older internal migrants? (b) If so, what factors predict different trajectories?
METHOD
The study drew on two waves of data and involved 405 older internal migrants into Nanjing, China. First, a latent transition analysis was performed to visualize the different patterns of psychological adaptation. Second, an ecological model of resilience was used to identify the factors explaining the differences between adaptation patterns.
RESULTS
Three main trajectories of psychological adaptation among Chinese older internal migrants over time were: recovery, stability and deterioration. Adaptation trajectories were associated with age, gender, length of stay, psychological resilience, self-esteem, family support, social participation, and living with a spouse.
CONCLUSION
Chinese older internal migrants undertake heterogeneous psychological adaptation trajectories, and their positive adaptation is closely associated with coping resources. Our data may provide references for the identification of vulnerable older internal migrants, as well as the making of targeted interventions.
PubMed: 38902974
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2368630 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Jun 2024Lung cancer is a disease with high mortality and morbidity, impacting both the patient and their closest contact, referred to in this paper as their care partner. There...
PURPOSE
Lung cancer is a disease with high mortality and morbidity, impacting both the patient and their closest contact, referred to in this paper as their care partner. There is limited evidence on how to support mental health and quality of life (QOL) for patient-care partner dyads during cancer treatment. This pilot study examines yoga as an intervention to improve well-being for the dyad.
METHODS
A single-group, 12-week pilot trial of yoga for patients and their care partners recruited from two hospitals during cancer treatment (N = 23 patient-partner dyads or 46 individuals). Most care partners were spouses (70%), with the remainder being adult children (22%), a sibling (4%), or a friend (4%). Descriptive statistics, Cohen's d effect sizes, and paired t-tests for validated psychosocial measures were calculated at baseline and 12 weeks.
RESULTS
Sixty-five percent of dyads (N = 13) completed the study, with withdrawals mostly due to disease progression. Among care partners, there was a decrease in depression symptomology on the PHQ-8 (p = 0.015, Cohen's d = 0.96) and improvement in QOL on the Caregiver QOL-Cancer scale (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.61). Fifty percent of dyads experienced concordant improvement in depressive symptoms and 77% in QOL.
CONCLUSION
Patient-partner yoga is a promising intervention for improving mental health and QOL for patient-partner dyads among lung cancer survivors. This study demonstrates yoga to be acceptable, feasible, and with high concordance within patient-partner dyads for improvements in QOL. Yoga shows promise for patients and care partners to alleviate the negative psychosocial impacts of lung cancer, though more research is needed to confirm effects.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03649737, 12/9/2020.
Topics: Humans; Yoga; Female; Male; Lung Neoplasms; Pilot Projects; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Caregivers; Aged; Depression; Adult
PubMed: 38902487
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08638-5 -
Ultraschall in Der Medizin (Stuttgart,... Jun 2024This continuing medical education article highlights the central role of transcutaneous sonography in diagnosing parenchymal pancreatic diseases. It emphasizes the...
This continuing medical education article highlights the central role of transcutaneous sonography in diagnosing parenchymal pancreatic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of in-depth knowledge of sonographic imaging of organ anatomy and a structured examination methodology, particularly for identifying acute and chronic pancreatitis and related complications. The article provides detailed guidance for optimized examination techniques and equipment settings, even under challenging conditions, and discusses the application of ultrasound in various scenarios of pancreatic diseases. Moreover, the relevance of advanced sonographic techniques such as high-frequency sonography, elastography, and contrast-enhanced sonography is illuminated in the context of expanded diagnostic workup.
PubMed: 38901437
DOI: 10.1055/a-2336-1700 -
Midwifery Jun 2024The benefits of partner support have been well documented for maternal and child health and wellbeing. Chinese women who practice traditional postpartum rituals may lack...
BACKGROUND
The benefits of partner support have been well documented for maternal and child health and wellbeing. Chinese women who practice traditional postpartum rituals may lack support during the confinement and often rely heavily on their partners. Currently, there is no validated measure to assess postpartum partner support in China.
AIM
To translate the Postpartum Partner Support Scale (PPSS) into Chinese, evaluate its psychometric properties and assess postpartum support among Chinese women.
METHODS
The PPSS was translated into Chinese using a validated process and administered to 428 postpartum women residing in the city of Quanzhou in the Fujian Province in China between September 2021 and July 2022.
RESULTS
Reliability analysis demonstrated a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.97, a split-half coefficient of 0.93, and a retest correlation coefficient of 0.91 (p < 0.01). The item analysis and content validity results fell within the recommended range, with no items requiring deletion. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the extraction of a single common factor, which accounted for 74.05% of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a χ2/df ratio of 1.48 and an RMSEA value of 0.05. Several demographic variables were associated with significantly lower levels of postnatal partner support including older maternal and paternal age, lower maternal education, higher household income, fair relationship with in-law family, female infant sex, and premature birth.
CONCLUSION
The Chinese version of the PPSS exhibited good reliability and validity providing evidence that it may be suitable for evaluating partner support among postpartum women in China.
PubMed: 38901127
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2024.104067 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2024Smokeless tobacco (ST) use in South Asia is culturally ingrained and socially accepted. A better understanding of these sociocultural influences could inform behavioural...
Smokeless tobacco (ST) use in South Asia is culturally ingrained and socially accepted. A better understanding of these sociocultural influences could inform behavioural approaches to prevent ST use. We sought to understand how family members influence pregnant women's behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions towards ST use. Moreover, we captured the influence of community health workers in this context. A qualitative study using a framework analysis was conducted in selected Indian populations. Eight in-depth interviews among pregnant and postpartum women were conducted in Gujarati, the local language, investigating ST use during pregnancy and the influence of family and peers. All transcripts were transcribed verbatim and translated into English and analyzed in NVivo. The social norms and expectations around ST during pregnancy appeared to have shifted away from promoting towards discouraging its use in the past few years. Women described how their spouses and other family members encouraged them to stop using ST during pregnancy, with some women must hide their ST use from their family members. They also received advice on the harms of ST use from community health workers (Accredited Social Health Activist-ASHA workers). Influenced by the advice received from such workers, several women tried to reduce their ST use during pregnancy. Our findings suggest that the acceptability of ST use in pregnancy may be in decline among families in India. Hence, efforts to promote ST prevention during pregnancy are likely to be "pushing against an open door". Furthermore, community health workers appeared to play an influential role in supporting women to abstain from ST use during pregnancy.
PubMed: 38900772
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002828 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Jun 2024To compare the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with fresh or frozen embryos for male patients with severely low sperm count...
OBJECTIVES
To compare the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with fresh or frozen embryos for male patients with severely low sperm count and motility.
METHODS
A total of 2300 male patients with severely low sperm count and motility underwent IVT-ET in the Reproduction Medicine Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital from April 2018 to April 2022. After applying the propensity score matching (PSM), 473 fresh embryo transferred cycles and 473 frozen embryo transferred cycles were selected in the study, and the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were compared between two groups.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes and neonatal outcomes between fresh and frozen embryo groups (all >0.05). In the stratification analysis, the number of retrieved oocytes in the fresh good-quality embryo transfer group was significantly increased compared with the fresh poor-quality embryo group (<0.05), but the very early pregnancy loss rates were similar between the two groups, while the rate in fresh good-quality embryo transfer group was significantly higher than that in the frozen good-quality embryo transfer group (<0.05). Among different age groups of women, the number of retrieved oocytes and the level of estrogen in the fresh embryo transfer group was significantly higher in the 20 to <30 years old group than that in the 30 to <35 years old group (both <0.05), but the clinical pregnancy rate was lower in the 20 to <30 years old group than that in the 30 to <35 years old group (>0.05). Additionally, the very early pregnancy loss was significantly increased in the fresh embryo group compared with the frozen embryo group in the 20 to <30 years age group (<0.05)
CONCLUSIONS
There is no significant difference in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between fresh embryo transfer and frozen embryo transfer for male patients with severely low sperm count and motility undergoing IVF-ET. Due to shorter transfer time, less embryo freezing damage and reduced costs, fresh embryo transfer can be considered a first choice. However, it is not necessary to pursue fresh embryo transfer if maternal oestrogen levels are too high and there is a tendency of overstimulation.
PubMed: 38899349
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0078 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly experience posttraumatic guilt. Guilt over commission or omission evolves when responsibility is...
BACKGROUND
Military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly experience posttraumatic guilt. Guilt over commission or omission evolves when responsibility is assumed for an unfortunate outcome (e.g., the death of a fellow combatant). Survivor guilt is a state of intense emotional distress experienced by the weight of knowing that one survived while others did not.
METHODS
This study of the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) analyzed structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from 132 male Iraq/Afghanistan veterans with PTSD. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) was employed to classify guilt. Thirty (22.7 %) veterans experienced guilt over acts of commission or omission, 34 (25.8 %) experienced survivor guilt, and 68 (51.5 %) had no posttraumatic guilt. White matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy, FA), cortical thickness, and cortical volume were compared between veterans with guilt over acts of commission or omission, veterans with survivor guilt, and veterans without guilt.
RESULTS
Veterans with survivor guilt had significantly lower white matter FA compared to veterans who did not experience guilt (p < .001), affecting several regions of major white matter fiber bundles. There were no significant differences in white matter FA, cortical thickness, or volumes between veterans with guilt over acts of commission or omission and veterans without guilt (p > .050).
LIMITATIONS
This cross-sectional study with exclusively male veterans precludes inferences of causality between the studied variables and generalizability to the larger veteran population that includes women.
CONCLUSION
Survivor guilt may be a particularly impactful form of posttraumatic guilt that requires specific treatment efforts targeting brain health.
PubMed: 38897303
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.047 -
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) May 2024This manuscript describes the Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) international consensus guidelines updated at the last two ABC international consensus conferences (ABC 6 in...
This manuscript describes the Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) international consensus guidelines updated at the last two ABC international consensus conferences (ABC 6 in 2021, virtual, and ABC 7 in 2023, in Lisbon, Portugal), organized by the ABC Global Alliance. It provides the main recommendations on how to best manage patients with advanced breast cancer (inoperable locally advanced or metastatic), of all breast cancer subtypes, as well as palliative and supportive care. These guidelines are based on available evidence or on expert opinion when a higher level of evidence is lacking. Each guideline is accompanied by the level of evidence (LoE), grade of recommendation (GoR) and percentage of consensus reached at the consensus conferences. Updated diagnostic and treatment algorithms are also provided. The guidelines represent the best management options for patients living with ABC globally, assuming accessibility to all available therapies. Their adaptation (i.e. resource-stratified guidelines) is often needed in settings where access to care is limited.
PubMed: 38896983
DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2024.103756 -
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral... Jun 2024To determine whether the prevalence of psychosocial risk in children and adolescents changed from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether these changes...
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the prevalence of psychosocial risk in children and adolescents changed from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether these changes differed by age group, sex, and season, based on a standardized psychosocial measure completed as a routine part of primary care.
METHODS
Children and adolescents aged 5.5 to 17.9 years were screened with a parent report Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17P) between November 2017 and June 2022. Changes in the prevalence of psychosocial risk (global, internalizing, externalizing, and attention scales) from before to during the pandemic were compared by age group, sex, and season.
RESULTS
In a sample of 459,767 health supervision visits, the prevalence of PSC-17P global, internalizing, and attention risk worsened significantly from before to during the pandemic, especially among female adolescents (ages 12.0-17.9). For a pediatrician seeing a hypothetical sample of 1000 adolescent girls, the expected number at risk would have increased from 103 to 131 on the global scale (26.6% increase), from 189 to 231 on the internalizing subscale (22.0% increase), and from 60 to 82 on the attention subscale (35.7% increase). Seasonality had a large effect, with significantly lower PSC-17P risk in the summer every year.
CONCLUSION
Data from a large, national sample of pediatric visits suggested that global, internalizing, and attention concerns increased slightly overall from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, with different patterns by age group and sex. Adolescent girls showed substantially increased global, internalizing, and attention problems. These increases support the need for further research and additional individual and system-level interventions.
PubMed: 38896783
DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000001273