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Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2024Prolonged sitting is a potential risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in office workers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of active breaks on reducing muscle...
Prolonged sitting is a potential risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in office workers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of active breaks on reducing muscle overload in subjects who sit for long periods using infrared thermography (IRT). A sample of 57 office workers participated in this study and were divided into two groups: active breaks (ABs) and no active breaks (NABs). The NAB group sat continuously for 90 min without standing up, while the AB group performed stretching and mobility exercises every 30 min. IRT measurements were taken every 30 min before the active breaks. The results highlight that the skin temperature of the back increased significantly in both groups after 30 min of sitting; however, in the subsequent measurements, the AB group showed a decrease in temperature, while the NAB group maintained a high temperature. Exercise and time point of measurement all reported -values < 0.001; there were no statistically significant differences between the Δ of the NAB and AB groups, while the Δ and Δ of the NAB and AB groups showed statistically significant differences for all back regions. The clinical relevance of this study confirms the negative effects of prolonged sitting on the health of the back, demonstrating that active breaks can reduce back strain, emphasizing the need for workplace interventions. In addition, IRT represents a non-invasive method to assess back muscle overload and monitor the effectiveness of interventions in all categories of workers who maintain a prolonged sitting position. The main limitation of this study is the absence of a questionnaire for the assessment of back pain, which does not allow a direct correlation between temperature changes and back pain outcomes.
PubMed: 38892891
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113178 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and the range of cervical motion, disability, pain...
The Relationship between Heart Rate Variability, Pain Intensity, Pain Catastrophizing, Disability, Quality of Life and Range of Cervical Motion in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and the range of cervical motion, disability, pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and quality of life in patients with chronic, non-specific neck pain. Thirty-five patients, aged 20-48 years, with chronic non-specific neck pain, completed validated questionnaires regarding neck pain intensity, pain-associated disability, catastrophic thoughts, and quality of life. The range of cervical motion was assessed using a digital goniometer. HRV indices were recorded in three positions (supine, sitting, and standing) through a smartphone application. Several significant correlations were observed between HRV indices and neck pain disability, the helplessness factor of catastrophizing, neck rotation, and quality of life. These correlations were only observed in the standing position. Pain catastrophizing was positively correlated with disability and pain intensity during active neck movement (Pearson r = 0.544, < 0.01; Pearson r = 0.605, < 0.01, respectively). Quality of life was negatively correlated with pain intensity during active movement (Pearson r = -0.347, < 0.05). HRV indices were correlated with the psychological and physical domains of neck pain. These cardiac indices have been related to neck pain variables in some previous studies. Further research is needed to confirm this relationship in different daily conditions.
PubMed: 38891130
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111055 -
BMC Geriatrics Jun 2024Physical disability is an important cause of affecting the quality of life in the elderly. The association between standing height and physical disability is less...
BACKGROUND
Physical disability is an important cause of affecting the quality of life in the elderly. The association between standing height and physical disability is less studied.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between standing height and physical disability among U.S. adults aged 60 years and older.
METHODS
The cross-sectional data were obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2018. Physical disability was assessed by six questions: "Have serious difficulty hearing (SDH)?", "Have serious difficulty seeing (SDS)?", "Have serious difficulty concentrating (SDC)?", "Have serious difficulty walking (SDW)?", "Have difficulty dressing or bathing (DDB)?" and "Have difficulty doing errands alone (DDEA)?". Responses to these questions were "yes" or "no". Answer yes to one of the above six questions was identified as physical disability. Standing height (cm) was measured with an altimeter. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the possible link between standing height and physical disability after adjustment for all covariates.
RESULTS
A total of 2624 participants aged ≥ 60 years were included in our study, including 1279 (48.7%) females and 1345 (51.3%) males. The mean age of participants was 69.41 ± 6.82 years. After adjusting for all potential confounders, the inverse relationship between standing height and all physical disability (APD) was statistically significant (OR = 0.976, 95%CI:0.957-0.995). In addition, among six types of physical disability (SDH, SDS, SDC, SDW, DDB, DDEA), standing height was also a protective factor for SDW (OR = 0.961, 95%CI:0.939-0.983) and DDEA (OR = 0.944, 95%CI:0.915-0.975) in the full-adjusted model.
CONCLUSION
The cross-sectional population based study demonstrates that standing height is a protective factor for physical disability among U.S. adults aged 60 years and older.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; United States; Disabled Persons; Body Height; Aged, 80 and over; Standing Position; Disability Evaluation
PubMed: 38890578
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05100-3 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Dental education is unique, with clinical/practical learning much different from other professionals. In dentistry, students are exposed much earlier in their curriculum...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Dental education is unique, with clinical/practical learning much different from other professionals. In dentistry, students are exposed much earlier in their curriculum to patients, performing procedures under direct/indirect supervision. Hence, the present review attempted to assess the standing position of dentistry in blended learning worldwide.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
E-learning modality was at its primitive stage as food for thought among educational task force committees, with only a handful of developed and developing countries equipped with it. During this pandemic, "WhatsApp" became a savior, as it was a widely used educational device among dental teachers and students. Furthermore, it was easily applicable in places where there was difficulty in obtaining regular internet bandwidth, especially in remote/rural areas. It is noteworthy that blended learning/e-learning, when complemented with the conventional teaching method, upskill critical thinking and problem-solving capabilities. Blended learning or virtual reality education should be made feasible without disparity, worldwide. Mind training, both students and staff in hybrid e-learning, is the need of the hour not only to keep pace with digitalized dentistry but to prepare the students to face real-world situations.
CONCLUSION
The sustainability of dental education should be rethought by dental schools with "Complimented Digital learning" wherever feasible, not only to cope with current trends but also to face unforeseen future challenges.
PubMed: 38882722
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_425_23 -
Soins; La Revue de Reference Infirmiere Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Sitting Position; Standing Position
PubMed: 38880586
DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2024.04.006 -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Jun 2024Horses are the most challenging of the common companion animals to anesthetize. Induction of anesthesia in the horse is complicated by the fact that it is accompanied by... (Review)
Review
Horses are the most challenging of the common companion animals to anesthetize. Induction of anesthesia in the horse is complicated by the fact that it is accompanied by a transition from a conscious standing position to uncconconscious recumbency. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on induction of anesthesia with a focus on the behavioral and physiologic/pharmacodynamic responses and the actions and interactions of the drugs administered to induce anesthesia in the healthy adult horse with the goal of increasing consistency and predictability.
PubMed: 38879096
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105130 -
Military Medicine Jun 2024Assessing the survivability of, and potential injury to, a ship's crew from underwater blast is crucial to understanding the operating capability of a military vessel...
INTRODUCTION
Assessing the survivability of, and potential injury to, a ship's crew from underwater blast is crucial to understanding the operating capability of a military vessel following blast exposure. One form of injury that can occur and affect a crew member's ability to perform tasks is traumatic brain injury (TBI). To evaluate the risk of TBI from underwater blasts, injury metrics based on linear head acceleration have traditionally been used. Although these metrics are popular given their ease of use, they do not provide a direct measure of the tissue-level biomechanical responses that have been shown to cause neuronal injury. Tissue-based metrics of injury, on the other hand, may provide more insight into the potential risk of brain injury. Therefore, in this study, we assess the risk of TBI from underwater blasts using tissue-based measures of injury, such as tissue strain, strain rate, and intracranial pressure, in addition to the more commonly used head acceleration-based injury metrics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A series of computational simulations were performed using a detailed finite element (FE) head model to study how inertial loading of the head from underwater blast events translates to potential injury in the brain. The head kinematics loading conditions for the simulations were obtained directly from Floating Shock Platform (FSP) tests where 3 Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) were positioned at 3 shipboard locations (desk, bulkhead, and bench), and the head acceleration was directly measured. The effect of the position and orientation of the ATDs and the distance of the underwater blast from the FSP (20-50 ft) on the risk of brain injury were assessed from the FE analysis.
RESULTS
The head accelerations and estimated TBI risk from the underwater blasts highly depend on the positioning of the ATDs on the FSP and decrease in severity as the charge standoff distance is increased. The ATD that was seated at a desk had the largest peak linear head acceleration (77.5 g) and negative intracranial pressure (-51.8 kPa). In contrast, the ATD that was standing at a bulkhead had the largest computed 95th percentile maximum principal strain (19%) and strain rate (25 s-1) in the brain. For all tested conditions, none of the ATDs exceeded the Head Injury Criterion (HIC-15) threshold of 700 for serious or fatal brain injury; however, the predicted tissue strains of the bulkhead ATD at the 20-ft charge standoff distance were within the range of proposed strain thresholds for a 50% risk of concussive injury, which illustrates the added value of considering tissue-level measures in addition to head acceleration when evaluating brain injury risk.
CONCLUSIONS
In this work, we assessed the risk of brain injury from underwater blasts using an anatomically detailed subject-specific FE head model. Accurate assessment of the risk of TBI from underwater explosions is important to evaluate the potential injury risk to crew members from underwater blast events, and to guide the development of future injury mitigation strategies to maintain the safety of crew members on military ships.
PubMed: 38877897
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae309 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024To determine the effectiveness of Kinesio taping along with routine physical therapy on improving gross motor function in sitting and standing among spastic diplegic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness of Kinesio taping along with routine physical therapy on improving gross motor function in sitting and standing among spastic diplegic Cerebral Palsy children.
DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial.
SETTINGS
University Teaching Hospital University of Lahore, Lahore.
PARTICIPANTS
53 participants with diagnosed spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were randomly allocated in control and experimental groups.
INTERVENTION
26 Participants were treated by kinesio taping which was applied in a criss-cross manner along with routine physical therapy program while the control group (n = 27) received NDT exercise program that comprises of stretching, functional reaching, weight-bearing exercises and walking.
OUTCOME MEASURE
Gross motor function was assessed using 2 components of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS-88), i.e., sitting as well as standing at the base line and after every 3rd week for 12 weeks follow up.
RESULTS
In study and control group the mean score of gross motor function for sitting at baseline was 33.96 ± 3.11 and 31.50 ± 3.32 respectively. After intervention, it changed to 47.70 ± 5.46 and 43.46 ± 1.81 respectively. Mean score for Gross Motor Function calculated at base line in study and control group for standing was 27.37 ± 1.14 and 26 ± 3.01 respectively. At the end of intervention, the score improved to 36.55 ± 4.27 and 33.69 ± 2.46 respectively.
CONCLUSION
In comparison to control group, significant increase in gross motor function of intervention group was seen after the 12 weeks of intervention. In this way, over back muscles the application of kinesio tape in a Criss-Cross manner may be helpful. Also it can be used as an additional approach along with routine physical therapy to improve standing and sitting in spastic diplegic children.
Topics: Humans; Cerebral Palsy; Male; Female; Child; Athletic Tape; Sitting Position; Physical Therapy Modalities; Standing Position; Motor Skills; Child, Preschool; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 38876700
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.049 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024The foot placement is a determinant of the base of support and influences standing balance. The reliability of postural stability tests with different foot placement...
INTRODUCTION
The foot placement is a determinant of the base of support and influences standing balance. The reliability of postural stability tests with different foot placement angles is unclear.
RESEARCH QUESTION
To determine and compare the intra- and inter-day reliability of the center of pressure-based postural stability while standing with different foot placement angles.
METHOD
Twenty-five healthy adults (16 females and 9 males; age: 29 ± 6 years) completed 70 s trials of eyes open and eyes closed stability tests with 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° angles between the feet while standing on a forceplate in three sessions: two sessions were in the same day, and the third session was one-week apart. The repeatability of measurements was tested using analysis of variance, interclass correlation, and standard error of measurements.
RESULT
Throughout the three study sessions, there was no difference in postural stability while participants stood with different foot placement angles. The interclass correlation scores ranged from 0.71 to 0.96, the standard error of measurements ranged from 2.1% to 12.9%, and no significant systematic changes (p < 0.05) occurred between the testing sessions for any foot placements. Standing with a 45° angle between the feet with closed eyes showed higher reliability values than other conditions. The intra-day reliability scores were greater than inter-day reliability.
DISCUSSION
The relative reliability of postural stability could be impacted by foot placement angles, which might alter ankle mobility and base of support dimensions. The advantages of larger foot placement angles on improving the relative reliability of postural stability could be better demonstrated in healthy people under challenging conditions such as standing with closed eyes.
CONCLUSION
Standing with foot placement angles between 0° and 45° are reliable and a quantitative assessment of the center of pressure could be used to monitor the changes in postural stability between sessions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Postural Balance; Adult; Foot; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult; Standing Position; Pressure; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 38876660
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.035 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) is one of the best exercises proposed for injury prevention of hamstring muscles. However, its effects on lower extremity proprioception... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) is one of the best exercises proposed for injury prevention of hamstring muscles. However, its effects on lower extremity proprioception are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of a single bout of NHE on hip and knee joints' proprioception.
METHODS
Forty collegiate male soccer players participated in this study with a mean age of 22.85 ± 1.82 years and were randomized into either control (n = 20) or experimental (n = 20) groups. Each subject participated in pre-test measurements in which hip and knee active joints position sense (JPS) were assessed in standing and lying tasks using the image-capturing method. The experimental group then performed three sets of NHE with 10 repetitions in each set, while the control group rested for 10 min. Paired and independent t-tests were used for calculating the differences within and between groups on SPSS software, respectively. The level of significance was P ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
Hip JPS in the lying task and knee JPS in both of the standing and lying tasks were impaired significantly after performing a single bout of NHE (P ≤ 0.05). However, the effects of this exercise on hip JPS in the standing task were not significant (P ≥ 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
NHE performing with three sets of 10 repetitions can significantly impair hip and knee JPS immediately after exercise and reduce the proprioception acuity of the lower limbs. It is recommended to perform this exercise at a time rather than before training or match sessions.
Topics: Humans; Male; Proprioception; Hip Joint; Knee Joint; Young Adult; Hamstring Muscles; Soccer; Exercise; Adult
PubMed: 38876656
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.006