-
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Antimicrobials are added to semen extenders to inhibit the growth of bacteria that are transferred to the semen during collection. However, this non-therapeutic use of...
Antimicrobials are added to semen extenders to inhibit the growth of bacteria that are transferred to the semen during collection. However, this non-therapeutic use of antimicrobials could contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to determine changes in the antibiotic susceptibility of vaginal microbiota after artificial insemination. Swabs were taken from the vagina of 26 mares immediately before artificial insemination and again 3 days later. Bacteria isolated from the vagina at both time points were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. In total, 32 bacterial species were identified. There were increases in the resistance of to trimethoprim ( = 0.0006), chloramphenicol and ( = 0.012) tetracycline ( = 0.03) between day 0 and day 3. However, there was no significant effect of exposure to antibiotics in semen extenders with respect to the resistance of and ( > 0.05). Whole-genome sequencing indicated that most phenotypic resistance was associated with genes for resistance. These results indicate that the resistance patterns of vaginal bacteria may be affected by exposure to antibiotics; therefore, it would be prudent to minimize, or preferably, avoid using antibiotics in semen extenders.
PubMed: 36986297
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030375 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Proteases, especially microbial proteases, are widely used in food processing. The purpose of this study was aimed to purify an extracellular protease produced by the...
Proteases, especially microbial proteases, are widely used in food processing. The purpose of this study was aimed to purify an extracellular protease produced by the strain QB7 and to evaluate its ability in hydrolyzing meat proteins and generating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides. The optimal conditions for producing the enzyme were as follows: inoculum ratio, 10%; initial pH, 6.5; temperature, 32 °C; incubation time, 36 h; and rotation speed, 160 rpm. The protease had a molecular weight of approximately 47 kDa, possessing the optimal activity at 50 °C, pH 7.0, The protease was stable at pH 4.0-8.0 and 30-60 °C, and the activity was improved by Na, Mg, Ca, and Zn ions, whereas it was inhibited by Cu, Co, Fe, Ba, Fe, β-M, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA). The protease could effectively hydrolyze meat proteins, and the generated hydrolysate could significantly inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-induced oxidative stress, including superoxide and malondialdehyde levels and inflammation (vascular adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1] and cyclooxygenase 2 [COX2)) in human vascular EA.hy926 cells. The present findings support the ability of QB7 protease in generating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides during the fermentation of meat products.
Topics: Humans; Peptide Hydrolases; Antioxidants; Meat Proteins; Endopeptidases; Peptides; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 36615723
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010065 -
Journal of Biomolecular Structure &... Dec 2023Cold-adapted and organic solvent tolerant lipases have significant potential in a wide range of synthetic reactions in industry. But there are no sufficient studies on...
Cold-adapted and organic solvent tolerant lipases have significant potential in a wide range of synthetic reactions in industry. But there are no sufficient studies on how these enzymes interacts with their substrates. Herein, the predicted structure and function of the lipase (SCL) are studied. Given the high amino acid sequence homology with the lipase (SSL), 3D structure models of closed and open forms of the lipase were built using the structure of SSL as template. The models suggested the presence of a main lid and a second lid that may act with the former as a double door to control the access to the active site. The SCL models also allowed us to identify key residues involved in binding substrates, calcium or zinc ions. By following this model and utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the stability of the lipase at low temperatures could be explained in the presence and in the absence of calcium and zinc. Due to its thermolability, the SCL is extremely valuable for different biotechnological applications in a wide variety of industries from molecular biology to detergency to food and beverage preparation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Topics: Calcium; Staphylococcus capitis; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Lipase; Zinc; Ions
PubMed: 36546696
DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2159528 -
Cureus Nov 2022A toddler girl presented to our hospital with a fever that lasted for five days. She had no prior history of urinary tract infections or contact with farm animals....
A toddler girl presented to our hospital with a fever that lasted for five days. She had no prior history of urinary tract infections or contact with farm animals. Investigations revealed a diagnosis of acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN), and we initiated antimicrobial therapy with ampicillin and cefmetazole. On day five, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative were detected in her urine culture, and we changed the antibiotics to vancomycin. Antibiotic therapy was continued for 21 days, with no recurrence of fever. Finally, the bacteria were identified as , which is a common farm animal pathogen. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of AFBN caused by , even if the patient has no prior history of close contact with farm animals. If a rare organism is detected in urine culture during AFBN treatment, the patient should be treated with appropriate antibiotics for the pathogen.
PubMed: 36505107
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31241 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2022This work investigated the influence of mixed starters (Lactobacillus plantarum CD101 and Staphylococcus simulans NJ201) on the digestive pattern of dry fermented...
This work investigated the influence of mixed starters (Lactobacillus plantarum CD101 and Staphylococcus simulans NJ201) on the digestive pattern of dry fermented sausage proteins. The addition of starters resulted in a higher degree of proteolysis and looser protein conformation as evidenced by the decreased carbonyl content and electrophoresis bands intensity of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin, increased sulfhydryl content and surface hydrophobicity, and transformation of protein secondary structure from α-helix to β-sheet and β-turn. These changes induced by the starters acted as a "pre-digestion" step and improved the digestive pattern of sausage protein. The most remarkable improvement in gastric (33.98%-49.46%) and whole gastrointestinal digestibility (87.41%-94.57%) was observed on sausages of day 21. Comparative peptidomics analysis during digestion revealed that the digested peptides of the inoculated sample were more widely distributed throughout the 3D structure of the sausage proteins, namely, myoglobin, MHC, and creatine kinase M-type. More peptides were degraded in the rod region (780-1933) of MHC. The region was possibly expanded by starters. New bioactive peptides, including MNVKHWPWMK, FFL, and LLF, were released from the MHC and actin altered by the starters. This work highlighted the application of mixed starters as a potential tool to enhance the nutrition of fermented sausage.
Topics: Actins; Meat Products; Protein Conformation; Myoglobin; Myosin Heavy Chains; Digestion
PubMed: 36461213
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111963 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2022Chinese traditional fermented meat products in Guizhou province harbor a unique microbial community owing to particular geographical, environmental, and climatic...
Chinese traditional fermented meat products in Guizhou province harbor a unique microbial community owing to particular geographical, environmental, and climatic conditions. In this study, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) with high protease activity were isolated from a Guizhou traditional naturally fermented meat product, i.e., Qianwufu sausages. In addition, the potential of isolated CNS strains to be used as starter cultures in sausage fermentation was evaluated. Culture- and molecular-biology-based methods were employed to isolate and identify CNS. A total of 40 CNS strains could hydrolyze pork meat proteins. In particular, strain QB7 identified as Staphylococcus simulans had the highest proteolytic activity, was resistant to growth in the presence of 6.5 % NaCl and 150 mg/kg of nitrites, and lacked virulence genes, hemolytic, decarboxylase, DNase, and biofilm-forming activities. Subsequently, S. simulans QB7 was used as a starter in sausage fermentation, which led to an increase in competitiveness of dominant bacteria, reduced growth of undesirable bacteria, higher content of total free fatty acids and free amino acids, and lower pH and water activity values. Thus, S. simulans QB7 can potentially be used as a starter to improve the quality and nutritional properties of fermented meat products.
Topics: Meat Products; Coagulase; Peptide Hydrolases; Proteolysis; Pork Meat
PubMed: 36461208
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111957 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Water buffalo produce a tenth of milk for global human consumption. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are among the most commonly isolated bacteria from mastitis in water...
Water buffalo produce a tenth of milk for global human consumption. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are among the most commonly isolated bacteria from mastitis in water buffalo and dairy cows. These results described the initial characterisation of 17 NAS-15 and two from a water buffalo herd ( = 44) in South Africa. The isolates were identified by classical microbiology, MALDI-TOF, and 16S rRNA, and the disc diffusion method determined the antibiotic susceptibility. A multi-locus sequence typing scheme (MLST) was developed to determine sequence types (ST), by defining and comparing seven housekeeping gene fragment sequences. Sequence typing confirmed all 15 isolates from water buffalo which belonged to a single ST, genetically distant from the six bovine STs isolated from adjacent farms, which also varied, indicating no current bacterial transfer between species. The antibiotic resistance patterns of varied between beta-lactams. The mean milk somatic cell count (SCC) for the water buffalo milk samples was 166,500 cells/mL milk. This information offers insights into the epidemiology and comparison among isolates from various origins, which leads to effective proactive mastitis strategies resulting in safe, high-quality dairy products from water buffalo and dairy cows for human consumption.
PubMed: 36421253
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111609 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The objectives of the work were (a) to compare the efficacy of two routes for antibiotic administration in the treatment of mastitis in ewes and (b) to assess the...
The objectives of the work were (a) to compare the efficacy of two routes for antibiotic administration in the treatment of mastitis in ewes and (b) to assess the potential importance of the timing of the initiation of the therapeutic regime on the outcome of the treatment. The ewes were allocated at random into three equal groups; intramammary inoculation with a isolate was performed, and clinical mastitis developed. The ewes in groups T1 ( = 6) and T2 ( = 6) were treated by the intramammary administration of ampicillin and dicloxacillin (two administrations with a 12-h interval). The ewes in group T3 ( = 6) were treated by the intramuscular injection of ampicillin and dicloxacillin (0.75 mL per 10 kg bodyweight, three injections with a 24-h interval). In the ewes in groups T1 and T3, treatment started immediately when the clinical signs of mastitis were first detected during the periodic examination of the ewes; in the ewes in group T2, treatment started 24 h after the clinical signs of mastitis were first detected. The animals were monitored clinically; mammary secretion samples were collected for bacteriological and cytological examinations. The median duration of the clinical signs was 4.75, 7.13, and 4.75 d for T1, T2, and T3; significant differences in clinical severity between the groups were seen until the 7th day post-treatment. The median duration of bacterial recovery was 3.25, 8.00, and 8.00 d for T1, T2, and T3; significant differences in the frequency of bacterial recovery between the groups were seen until (64.1%, 94.9%, and 96.2% of the samples) and after (2.9%, 16.7%, and 11.8%) the 7th day post-treatment. The median period required for the complete cure (clinical, bacteriological, and cytological) was shorter in the T1 than in the T2 and T3 ewe groups: 20.0, 32.0, and 24.5 d, respectively. The findings cover a gap in the available literature regarding the treatment of clinical mastitis in ewes. Early treatment resulted in the improved cure of the infection. The comparison of the intramammary and injectable routes for antibiotic administration indicated some benefit for the former, primarily in the post-treatment somatic cell counts.
PubMed: 36297221
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101164 -
Central European Journal of Public... Jun 2022This work aimed to determine the representation and resistance of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus and Enterococcus on inanimate surfaces of two selected...
OBJECTIVES
This work aimed to determine the representation and resistance of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus and Enterococcus on inanimate surfaces of two selected workplaces of the University Hospital of L. Pasteur in Košice (UHLP) and to investigate their importance in the hospital environment. The men's ward of the Department of Internal Medicine (DIM) and the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (DAIC) were chosen.
METHODS
Using sterile sampling kits, a total of 182 swabs were collected from the inanimate surfaces of both UHLP workplaces. The swabs were then transported to a microbiological laboratory and inoculated onto sterile culture media (blood agar containing 5% ram erythrocytes). After culturing (24-48 hours, in a thermostat at constant temperature 37 °C), bacterial colonies were identified by mass spectrometry on a MALDI TOF MS. Bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were subsequently separated from the spectrum of identified bacteria. Nosocomial significant strains of staphylococci (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus) and all isolated enterococci were subjected to susceptibility testing for selected antibiotics using the disk diffusion method - E-tests.
RESULTS
Several members of the genus Staphylococcus were identified from the inanimate surfaces of both workplaces. These were mainly coagulase-negative strains - Staphylococcus epidermidis (45), Staphylococcus capitis (34), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (20), Staphylococcus hominis (45), Staphylococcus pasteuri (2), Staphylococcus sroph (1), Staphylococcus simulans (3), and Staphylococcus warneri (4). Staphylococcus aureus strains were also identified (2). Nosocomial significant isolates were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics cefoxitin (FOX) and oxacillin (OXA). Two members of the genus Enterococcus - Enterococcus faecium (7) and Enterococcus faecalis (8) were isolated. All strains were subject to vancomycin susceptibility testing using the disk method.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cross Infection; Enterococcus; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sheep; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 35841227
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7241 -
Animal Biotechnology Dec 2023This study aimed to investigate the presence of and genes in coagulase negative (CNS) species isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms by using PCR. A...
This study aimed to investigate the presence of and genes in coagulase negative (CNS) species isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms by using PCR. A total of 602 mammary quarter milk samples belong to 170 cows with mastitis were used. Identification of species was achieved by using the commercial Gram-positive identification kit and a total of 52 (8.6%) CNS species were isolated. The most frequently isolated species was (n = 15, 28.8%), followed by (n = 12, 23.1%), (n = 8, 15.4%), (n = 5, 9.6%), (n = 4, 7.7%), (n = 4, 7.7%), (n = 2, 3.8%) and (n = 2, 3.8%). The gene positivity was found in the 13 (25%) of strains. Of the strains carrying gene, eight also harbored the gene. A total of gene positivity was found as 30.8% (n = 16) in 52 CNS species. In conclusion, the present study showed that CNS isolated from cows with mastitis may be reservoir of and genes. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the presence of and genes in CNS species isolated from bovine with mastitis in the smallholder dairy farms in Turkey.
Topics: Female; Animals; Cattle; Coagulase; Mastitis, Bovine; Staphylococcal Infections; Prevalence; Farms; Turkey; Staphylococcus; Milk; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 35792781
DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2094802