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Theriogenology Sep 2023Semen extenders usually contain antibiotics with the aim to minimize bacterial growth, but the indiscriminate use of antibiotics increases the emergence of...
Semen extenders usually contain antibiotics with the aim to minimize bacterial growth, but the indiscriminate use of antibiotics increases the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. A limiting factor of semen processing in dogs is the low total sperm count that limits the number of insemination doses that can be obtained from one ejaculate. Therefore, two ejaculates collected at a short interval can be combined to increase the number of AI doses. In this study, semen was collected from dogs either once or the same dogs (n = 28) were submitted to dual semen collection 1 h apart. All ejaculates were submitted to bacteriological analysis. We hypothesized that bacterial contamination of semen is low but that a dual semen collection might increase contamination. A sample for bacteriological examination was taken from raw semen immediately after semen collection. Bacteria including mycoplasmas were isolated using conventional cultivation procedures and isolates were identified to the species level by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. In total, 22 bacterial species were identified in the 84 ejaculates with Mycoplasma cynos, Streptococcus canis and Canicola haemoglobinophilus being most frequent. Bacterial growth was sporadic in 16 and absent in 10 ejaculates. The overall bacterial growth was lower in the second than in the first ejaculate of dual semen collections (p < 0.05). The percentage of motile and membrane-intact spermatozoa in frozen-thawed ejaculates was not associated with the degree of bacterial contamination of raw semen. In conclusion, there was only limited microbial contamination in dog semen and the microorganisms isolated are considered part of the normal genital bacterial flora. Repeated semen collection reduced bacterial contamination in the second in comparison to the first ejaculate. The use of antibiotics in canine semen should be questioned.
Topics: Male; Dogs; Animals; Semen; Bacteria; Spermatozoa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Fluids
PubMed: 37315442
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.002 -
Veterinary Sciences Apr 2023An 8-year-old male Rhodesian Ridgeback was presented with fever and severe thrombocytopenia. Clinical and laboratory examination, echocardiography, blood culture, and...
An 8-year-old male Rhodesian Ridgeback was presented with fever and severe thrombocytopenia. Clinical and laboratory examination, echocardiography, blood culture, and pathohistology revealed evidence of infective endocarditis, ischemic renal infarcts, and septic encephalitis. Treatment was started immediately but the dog's condition worsened, and the dog had to be euthanized. The causative strain was detected by blood culture and MALDI-TOF MS and analyzed using whole-genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing did not detect any resistance. The affected heart valve was analyzed using FISH imaging, which showed a streptococcal biofilm on the heart valve. Bacteria in biofilms are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. Early diagnosis could be beneficial to treatment outcome. Treatment of endocarditis could be improved by researching the optimal dosage of antibiotics in conjunction with the use of biofilm-active drugs.
PubMed: 37235397
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050314 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Apr 2023Streptococcus canis is a beta-haemolytic, Gram-positive cocci commonly identified on the canine ocular surface under both healthy and diseased conditions. The objective...
Streptococcus canis is a beta-haemolytic, Gram-positive cocci commonly identified on the canine ocular surface under both healthy and diseased conditions. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of S. canis on the normal and abnormal ocular surface of a canine ophthalmology referral population in Canada, and to investigate potential clinical aspects that may be associated with its presence. Included were 59 dogs (118 eyes) with unilateral or bilateral ocular disease diagnosed at the time of conjunctival sampling. A real-time PCR specific for S. canis was standardized for use with conjunctival swabs. Total DNA was extracted from 118 samples and used as template for the diagnostic assay. Samples were considered positive if amplification was detected and dissociation temperature matched a positive control. Signalment and other clinical data were also collected at the time of sampling. Of the 118 eyes sampled, 8 tested positive for S. canis (6.8%). No association between the detection of S. canis and breed, cephalic conformation, sex, age, use of ophthalmic antibiotics or other topical medications, ophthalmic diagnosis, use of systemic antibiotics or other systemic medications, or systemic diagnosis was identified. In conclusion, S. canis may be present on the ocular surface of dogs at a higher rate than previously reported. It is suggested that this may be linked to the use of PCR for pathogen detection instead of culture.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dog Diseases; Eye Diseases; Prevalence; Streptococcus; Canada
PubMed: 37118781
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00677-y -
The Journal of Dairy Research May 2023We carried out a thorough genetic evaluation of isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases and performed a phylogenetic analysis to represent the evolutionary...
We carried out a thorough genetic evaluation of isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases and performed a phylogenetic analysis to represent the evolutionary relationship between sequences. A total of 35 strains were isolated from cases of clinical mastitis identified at a large commercial dairy farm located near Ithaca, New York. Whole-genome sequencing identified twenty-six antibiotic resistance genes, four of which were acquired genes, in addition to fifty virulence genes. Multi-locus sequence typing detected three new sequence types (STs). We conclude that a high proportion of this microorganism carries multiple virulence determinants and resistance genes, and that this indicates its potential to cause mastitis. Eight different STs were identified, of which ST453 ( = 17) was the most prevalent and ST714, ST715, ST716 were novel STs.
Topics: Cattle; Female; Animals; Phylogeny; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Virulence Factors; Streptococcal Infections; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Mastitis, Bovine; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37042313
DOI: 10.1017/S0022029923000195 -
Microbial Genomics Mar 2023, a multi-host pathogen commonly isolated from dogs and cats, has been occasionally reported in severe cases of human infection. To address the gap in knowledge on its...
, a multi-host pathogen commonly isolated from dogs and cats, has been occasionally reported in severe cases of human infection. To address the gap in knowledge on its virulence and host tropism, we investigated genomic epidemiology and report the results of this analysis for the first time. We analysed 59 . whole genome sequences originating from a variety of host species, comprising 39 newly sequenced isolates from UK sources, along with all (=20) publicly available genomes. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotype was determined for all 39 available isolates. Genomes were screened for determinants of resistance and virulence. We created a core SNP phylogeny and compared strain clustering to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and M-like protein (SCM) typing. We investigated the dataset for signals of host adaptation using phylogenetic analysis, accessory genome clustering and pan-genome-wide association study analysis. A total of 23 % (9/39) of isolates exhibited phenotypic resistance to lincosamides, macrolides and/or tetracyclines. This was complemented by the identification of AMR-encoding genes in all genomes: tetracycline ( 14 %, 8/59; and 7 %, 4/59) and lincosamide/macrolide (, 7 %, 4/59). AMR was more common in human (36 %, 4/11) compared to companion animal (18 %, 5/28) isolates. We identified 19 virulence gene homologues, 14 of which were present in all strains analysed. In an strain isolated from a dog with otitis externa we identified a homologue of superantigen SMEZ. The MLST and SCM typing schemes were found to be incapable of accurately representing core SNP-based genomic diversity of the population. No evidence of host adaptation was detected, suggesting the potential for inter-species transmission, including zoonotic transfer.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Dogs; Cats; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; Genome-Wide Association Study; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases; Genomics; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37000493
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000974 -
Infectious Diseases (London, England) May 2023Invasive infections with predominantly occur in persons of older age with substantial morbidity and mortality. Time to positivity from blood cultures (TTP) has been...
PURPOSE
Invasive infections with predominantly occur in persons of older age with substantial morbidity and mortality. Time to positivity from blood cultures (TTP) has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in bloodstream infections caused by other beta-haemolytic streptococci. This study aimed to determine any possible association between TTP and outcome in invasive infections due to .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Episodes of bacteraemia, that occurred during 2015-2018 in the Region of Skåne, Sweden, were identified through the laboratory database and retrospectively studied. Any association with TTP and the primary outcome, death within 30 days and the development of sepsis or disease deterioration within 48 hours from blood culturing as secondary outcomes were investigated.
RESULTS
Among the 287 episodes of bacteraemia, 30-day mortality rate was 10% ( = 30). Median TTP was 9.3 h (interquartile range 8.0-10.3 h). Median TTP was statistically significantly shorter in patients who died within 30 days compared to surviving patients (7.7 vs 9.3 h, = .001, Mann-Whitney test). Short TTP(≤ 7.9 h) was still associated with 30-day mortality when adjusting for age, (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6-12.2, = .004). Associations between secondary outcomes and levels of TTP were not observed.
CONCLUSION
TTP may be an important prognostic indicator for 30-day mortality in patients with bloodstream infections due to .
Topics: Humans; Blood Culture; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Sepsis; Bacteremia; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 36847483
DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2182910 -
Veterinary Research Communications Sep 2023We describe an unusual case of prostatitis caused by Streptococcus canis evolving to endocarditis and splenic, renal, and cerebral thromboembolism in a dog, associated...
We describe an unusual case of prostatitis caused by Streptococcus canis evolving to endocarditis and splenic, renal, and cerebral thromboembolism in a dog, associated with a Sertoli cell tumour in a cryptic testis and diffuse prostatic squamous metaplasia. A nine-year-old, intact male, mixed-breed dog was presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with abdominal pain and prostration. Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography revealed an atrophic right testicle located in the subcutaneous tissue. The left testicle was in the abdominal cavity with increased dimensions and irregular contours. Complete blood count analysis showed marked neutrophilic leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. After clinical worsening, euthanasia was performed, and the dog was submitted to post-mortem examination. The main gross findings included testicular malposition with one cryptic and one ectopic testis, enlarged prostate with purulent content, distension of the urinary bladder with cloudy urine, vegetative valvular endocarditis in the mitral valve, and spleen and renal infarcts. Histological examination showed a Sertoli cell tumour in the abdominal testis, diffuse prostatic squamous metaplasia with marked keratinization associated with bacterial prostatitis, fibrinonecrotic cystitis, bacterial endocarditis with marked myxomatous degeneration in the mitral valve, and splenic, renal, and cerebral thromboembolism. Microbiological analysis identified Streptococcus canis in the prostate and mitral valve. Sertoli cell tumour of cryptic testis increases oestrogen production and leads to squamous metaplasia of the prostate, which should be considered as predisposing factors for ascending S. canis infection from the urogenital tract to the prostate. Then, haematogenous spread of S. canis from the prostate to mitral valve cause endocarditis and subsequent thromboembolism and infarcts, all decisive to poor prognosis in this case.
Topics: Male; Dogs; Animals; Prostatitis; Sertoli Cell Tumor; Hospitals, Animal; Hospitals, Teaching; Endocarditis; Thromboembolism; Testicular Neoplasms; Metaplasia; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 36717508
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10065-y -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... May 2023
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Myositis
PubMed: 36710163
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.09.012 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Feb 2023Streptococcus dysgalactiae increasingly is recognized as a pathogen of concern for human health. However, longitudinal surveillance data describing temporal trends of S.... (Review)
Review
Streptococcus dysgalactiae increasingly is recognized as a pathogen of concern for human health. However, longitudinal surveillance data describing temporal trends of S. dysgalactiae are scarce. We retrospectively identified all β-hemolytic streptococcal bloodstream infections reported in Bergen, in western Norway, during 1999-2021. To explore S. dysgalactiae disease burden in a broader context, we mapped the incidence of all microbial species causing bloodstream infections during 2012-2021. We found S. dysgalactiae incidence rates substantially increased during the study period; by 2021, S. dysgalactiae was the fifth most common pathogen causing bloodstream infections in our region. We noted genotypic shifts and found that the rising trend was related in part to the introduction and expansion of the stG62647 emm-type. S. dysgalactiae is among the most common causes of bloodstream infections in western Norway, and increased surveillance and unambiguous species identification are needed to monitor the disease burden attributable to this pathogen.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcal Infections; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Norway
PubMed: 36692331
DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.221218 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2022Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a rare infectious disease of the intraocular tissues with a major risk of significant visual loss. We describe a case of a female...
Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a rare infectious disease of the intraocular tissues with a major risk of significant visual loss. We describe a case of a female patient who presented with altered mental status and vision loss. The patient was found to have bacteraemia, meningitis and bilateral EE caused by The patient was clinically stabilised but continued to demonstrate profound visual loss at 5-month follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this organism causing meningitis complicated by EE. Furthermore, this infection may have heralded a diagnosis of cancer.
Topics: Humans; Female; Streptococcal Infections; Endophthalmitis; Blindness; Meningitis
PubMed: 36593599
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251939