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Veterinary Ophthalmology Jan 2023To describe the complications of conjunctival graft surgery occurring in cases at a referral ophthalmic service and evaluate factors that lead to occurrence of...
PURPOSE
To describe the complications of conjunctival graft surgery occurring in cases at a referral ophthalmic service and evaluate factors that lead to occurrence of complications in canine cases.
METHODS
A retrospective case-control study was completed using data from the Veterinary Medical Center at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada, between May 2015 and March 2020. Case records from dogs that underwent conjunctival pedicle graft surgery and subsequently either did or did not develop a conjunctival graft complication were reviewed.
RESULTS
One hundred and six dogs undergoing conjunctival graft surgeries were identified. Sixteen conjunctival graft complications occurred, of which, eight led to negative outcomes. Univariable analysis comparing canine eyes that developed complications to control eyes revealed potential (p ≤ .05) differences between the groups in post-operative fluoroquinolone use, Streptococcus canis isolation, intraoperative intravenous cefazolin use, corneal stromal white cell infiltrate, and mean ulcer diameter. The use of intraoperative cefazolin could not be effectively evaluated with available data; however, no dogs (n = 22) receiving intraoperative cefazolin developed complications. Multivariable analysis revealed that dogs that were treated with a second-generation fluoroquinolone and that had S. canis isolated had higher odds of experiencing complications than dogs that were not treated with a second-generation fluoroquinolone and that were S. canis negative (Odds ratio = 64.7 [95% CI 6.3-669], p < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Streptococcus species played a role in conjunctival graft complications in our study. Empiric selection of second-generation fluoroquinolone monotherapy may need reconsideration given the frequent isolation of Streptococcus spp. from canine ulcers. The use of intraoperative cefazolin may be associated with a lower complication rate.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Retrospective Studies; Case-Control Studies; Conjunctiva; Head; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 35754353
DOI: 10.1111/vop.13008 -
Veterinary Ophthalmology Apr 2023To assess in vitro antibacterial efficacy of three cross-linking (XL) protocols on bacteria associated with canine ulcerative keratitis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess in vitro antibacterial efficacy of three cross-linking (XL) protocols on bacteria associated with canine ulcerative keratitis.
METHODS
Three XL protocols: UVA 3 mW/cm for 60 min, UVA 3 mW/cm for 30 min, and UVA 30 mW/cm for 3 min with and without application of riboflavin and a riboflavin-only protocol were performed in vitro on the four most common bacterial genera isolated from cases of canine ulcerative keratitis treated at Dick White Referrals, UK. Zones of bacterial growth inhibition (GIZ) associated with treatment were measured and compared.
RESULTS
The four most common isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) (48/140, 34.3%), Streptococcus spp. (32/140, 22.9%), Staphylococcus spp. (24/140, 17.1%) and Escherichia coli (EC) (11/140, 7.9%). PA, EC, Streptococcus canis (SC), and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP), isolated from canine corneas, were selected for testing. EC and SC demonstrated growth inhibition following all UVA/riboflavin protocols. PA and SP only displayed growth inhibition following the 60 min UVA/riboflavin protocol. GIZ areas for 60 min UVA/riboflavin protocols were significantly greater than 30 and 3 min UVA/riboflavin protocols (p < .01) and there was no significant difference between 30 and 3 min UVA/riboflavin protocols. In respect to GIZ areas, EC was significantly more susceptible to XL than SP (p = <.01).
CONCLUSIONS
All UVA/riboflavin XL protocols caused growth inhibition of EC and SC in vitro. PA and SP did not show clear growth inhibition in vitro following exposure to XL protocol settings of UVA 3 mW/cm for 30 min and UVA 30 mW/cm for 3 min.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Photosensitizing Agents; Corneal Ulcer; Ultraviolet Rays; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cornea; Riboflavin; Bacteria; Corneal Stroma; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 35713165
DOI: 10.1111/vop.13006 -
Journal of Wildlife Diseases Jul 2022Burhinus oedicnemus distinctus is an endemic subspecies of Eurasian Stone-curlew present in the Canary Islands. Their populations are rapidly declining, mainly because...
Burhinus oedicnemus distinctus is an endemic subspecies of Eurasian Stone-curlew present in the Canary Islands. Their populations are rapidly declining, mainly because of anthropogenic impacts. This report describes valvular endocarditis and septicemia in a Eurasian Stone-Curlew with left foot loss and severe contralateral bumblefoot.
Topics: Animals; Bacteremia; Charadriiformes; Endocarditis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 35704500
DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00180 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2022Although systemic bacterial infection (SBI) is a common cause of sepsis and death in dogs, the neuropathology of canine SBI has been poorly characterized. Here we...
Although systemic bacterial infection (SBI) is a common cause of sepsis and death in dogs, the neuropathology of canine SBI has been poorly characterized. Here we describe the neuropathologic features of SBI in a retrospective series of 28 dogs. The mean age of affected dogs was 5.5 y, and there was no sex or breed predisposition. Gross lesions in the brain were reported in 13 cases (46%) and consisted mainly of leptomeningeal hemorrhages in 10 of these cases (77%). Associated extraneural lesions included suppurative mitral valve endocarditis (12 cases; 43%) and pneumonia (10 cases; 36%). The main neurohistologic findings were neutrophilic (suppurative) and/or fibrinous meningoencephalitis with hemorrhage, vasculitis, thrombosis, and neuronal necrosis. Intralesional bacteria were observed in neutrophils or macrophages in 10 cases (77%). The putative primary site of infection was determined in 16 cases (57%) and consisted of pneumonia (6 cases; 38%), pyelonephritis (4 cases; 25%), and skin lesions (3 cases; 19%). Bacterial culture of fresh or frozen tissue samples yielded bacterial growth in 26 cases (93%), including (6 cases; 23%), (4 cases; 15%), and (3 cases; 12%).
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Nervous System Diseases; Neuropathology; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis
PubMed: 35684962
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221102899 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022The present work is a continuation of our translational research focusing on the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to solve the global problem of antibiotic...
The present work is a continuation of our translational research focusing on the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to solve the global problem of antibiotic resistance. In vivo fieldwork was done with 300 breeding farm cows with serous mastitis. Ex vivo assays revealed that after cow treatment with the antibiotic drug Spectromast LC, susceptibility to 31 antibiotics dropped by 22.9%, but after treatment with Argovit-C AgNPs, it was raised by 13.1%. This was explained by the fact that the percentage of isolates with an efflux effect after Spectromast LC treatment resulted in an 8% increase, while Argovit-C-treatment caused a 19% decrease. The similarity of these results to our previous results on isolates from mastitis cows treated with the antibiotic drug Lactobay and Argovit-C AgNPs was shown. So, mastitis treatments with Argovit-C AgNPs can partially return the activity of antibiotics towards and , while, in contrast, treatments with antibiotic drugs such as Spectromast LC and Lactobay enhance bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The results of this work strengthen the hope that in the future the use of AgNPs as efflux pump inhibitors will recover the activity of antibiotics, and thus will preserve the wide spectrum of antibiotics on the market.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Mastitis, Bovine; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Silver; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 35682703
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116024 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in dogs constitutes a threat to animal and human health. There is a lack of studies in Illinois that evaluated the...
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in dogs constitutes a threat to animal and human health. There is a lack of studies in Illinois that evaluated the prevalence of AMR among urinary bacterial pathogens. In the study, we included 803 isolates (299 Gram-positive and 504 Gram-negative) that were isolated from 2,583 canine urine samples submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, the University of Illinois between 2019 and 2020 from dogs suspected of urinary tract infections (UTI). The most common Gram-positive isolates included (17.93%), (9.46%), (6.10%), and (3.74%), while Gram-negative isolates included (45.58%), (11.08%), (3.11%), and (2.99%). Among the Gram-positive isolates, isolates showed a very high prevalence of resistance to penicillin (56.94%), a high prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (31.94%), enrofloxacin (29.17%), and oxacillin (27.08%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, isolates showed a high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin (31.42%). Considering the high prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials commonly used to treat UTI in dogs, urine samples should be collected for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing before treatment initiation to prevent treatment failures and the development of multidrug resistance. Given the possibility of zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, veterinarians when treating UTI cases, should inform dog owners of the potential transmission risk.
PubMed: 35601398
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.867784 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Dairy mastitis is a disease of dairy cattle caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms which has biought huge economic losses aused huge economic losses to the...
Dairy mastitis is a disease of dairy cattle caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms which has biought huge economic losses aused huge economic losses to the world. In this paper, Harmine derivatives and tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives synthesized by the splice method are shown to have a good inhibitory effect on the pathogenic bacteria of dairy mastitis. The results of a bacteriostatic test on pathogenic bacteria of dairy cow mastitis (, , and ) showed that compound had the best bacteriostatic effect on , with a mic value of 43.7 μ g/mL. When the concentration of was 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC, it had a significant inhibitory effect on , and there was almost no growth of at 4 × MIC. The binding properties of target compound to protein were simulated by the molecular docking technique. The ligand achieved strong binding with the receptor through three hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds were amino acid residues thr-52, arg-51 and ser-24, which are the main force for the compound to bind to active sites.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbolines; Cattle; Female; Harmine; Humans; Mastitis, Bovine; Molecular Docking Simulation; Streptococcus
PubMed: 35566239
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092888 -
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K,... Mar 2022A 3-month old male Shar-Pei was presented for lethargy, fever and cutaneous edema. Further investigations revealed superficial pyoderma with and an acute neutrophilic...
A 3-month old male Shar-Pei was presented for lethargy, fever and cutaneous edema. Further investigations revealed superficial pyoderma with and an acute neutrophilic vasculitis. Symptomatic and antibiotic treatment in combination with immunosuppressive treatment (initially prednisolone, later cyclosporine) treatment was performed. In the course of the disease complications such as dyspnea, anemia, skin ulceration, skin necrosis and secondary bacterial skin infection with multiresistant bacteria occurred. After intensive care treatment the dog was discharged from the hospital 38 days later. Within the following weeks the dosage of the immunosuppressants were reduced and the drugs were discontinued after 4 months.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fever; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Pyoderma; Vasculitis
PubMed: 35235963
DOI: 10.1055/a-1697-5157 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021The volatile components of areca nuts were isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME, DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber extraction) and simultaneous...
The volatile components of areca nuts were isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME, DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber extraction) and simultaneous hydrodistillation-extraction (SHDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Furthermore, all SHDE fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity using the disk diffusion method on nine Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (, , , , , , , , and ). In total, 98 compounds (mainly alcohols, carbonyl compounds, fatty acids, esters, terpenes, terpenoids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons) were identified in SHDE fractions and by using SPME extraction Fatty acids were the main group of volatile constituents detected in all types of extracts. The microorganism most sensitive to the extract of the areca nut was . The results can provide essential information for the application of different treatments of areca nuts in the canning industry or as natural antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Areca; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Solid Phase Microextraction; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 34946508
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247422 -
The Journal of Small Animal Practice Mar 2022To assess the inter-rater agreement of corneal cytology findings in canine ulcerative keratitis by veterinary surgeons of different training levels and the agreement of...
OBJECTIVES
To assess the inter-rater agreement of corneal cytology findings in canine ulcerative keratitis by veterinary surgeons of different training levels and the agreement of corneal cytology with culture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dogs with progressive ulcerative keratitis were prospectively recruited for corneal cytology and culture. Corneal cytology slides were reviewed by veterinary surgeons of different training levels (three general practitioners, three ophthalmologists and three pathologists). The inter-rater agreement of cytology findings and agreement of cytology with culture was assessed using the kappa measure of agreement.
RESULTS
The study included 145 corneal cytology samples from 143 dogs (145 eyes) with progressive ulcerative keratitis. Positive cultures were obtained from 81 of 145 (56%) eyes. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Streptococcus canis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The results demonstrated increased inter-rater agreement of corneal cytology and increased agreement with culture with increased ocular pathology expertise (pathologists > ophthalmologists > general practitioners).
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This study provides important information about the diagnostic value of corneal cytology in canine ulcerative keratitis and the most common pathogens involved in such cases in the UK. Based on the results of this study, cytology findings should be interpreted in conjunction with the expertise of the observer. For maximal pathogen identification, both cytology and culture should be considered.
Topics: Animals; Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Dog Diseases; Dogs
PubMed: 34937128
DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13462