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Renal Failure Dec 2024This study aims to establish a simplified and effective animal model of catheter malfunction caused by omental wrapped using negative pressure suction.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to establish a simplified and effective animal model of catheter malfunction caused by omental wrapped using negative pressure suction.
METHOD
The peritoneal dialysis catheter outlet was linked to a negative-pressure (0-75mmHg) suction pump to intensify the negative pressure. Different negative pressures were tested for model construction , a model of peritoneal catheter malfunction caused by omental wrapped was constructed in five beagles after catheter placement. Catheter drainage conditions and related complications were monitored before and after the model establishment.
RESULTS
In the vitro experiment, the overall success rate of constructed models was 90% (36/40). The total malfunction rate was higher in 62.5 mmHg (10/10) and 75 mmHg (10/10) than in 12.5 mmHg (8/10) and 37.5 mmHg (8/10). The outflow velocity of dialysate at 62.5 mmHg was significantly lower than that at 12.5 mmHg and 37.5 mmHg, without a statistically significant difference compared to 75 mmHg. In the experiment, catheter outflow velocity increased, and residual fluid volume decreased after omental wrapped (99.6 ± 6.7 ml/min vs. 32.6 ± 4.6 ml/min at initial five minutes, < 0.0001; 69.2 ± 16.3 ml vs. 581.0 ± 109.4 ml, < 0.001). And the outflow velocity was finally below 2 ml/min. No severe related complications (such as infection, organ damage, or bleeding) were observed through laparoscopic examination and dialysate tests seven days post-operation.
CONCLUSION
Utilizing negative pressure suction to increase negative pressure around catheter tip is a simple, safe, and effective method for establishing an animal model of omental wrapped leading to catheter malfunction.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Omentum; Suction; Equipment Failure; Peritoneal Dialysis; Catheters, Indwelling; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Models, Animal
PubMed: 38938162
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2369695 -
Chemosphere Jun 2024Effective dewatering is vital for both sludge treatment and resource recovery. This study focuses on converting post-anaerobic digested sludge into biochar to enhance...
Effective dewatering is vital for both sludge treatment and resource recovery. This study focuses on converting post-anaerobic digested sludge into biochar to enhance sludge dewatering. The sludge-derived biochar is further modified with polyacrylamide (PAM-ADBC) and applied with sulfuric acid-modified montmorillonite (HMTS) for better performance. Significant advancements in dewatering were noted, even at reduced HMTS (0.1 g/g DS) and PAM-ADBC (25 g/kg DS) dosages. These improvements resulted in a remarkable 41.96% enhancement in capillary suction time (17.2 s) and a notable 20.26% reduction in moisture content (66.33%), respectively, all while maintaining a stable pH level. HMTS, with leached cations, improved dewatering by decomposing the extracellular polymeric substance structure through electro-neutralization to release the internal bound water within sludge flocs. Simultaneously, PAM-ADBC coagulated decomposed sludge particles into larger flocs to form a skeletal structure with itself to discharge internal water in compression dewatering. This study introduces a resource recovery method for anaerobically digested sludge and highlights its potential for sustainable utilization.
PubMed: 38936488
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142687 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024To analyze the vulnerability factors of snakebite patients in China.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the vulnerability factors of snakebite patients in China.
METHODS
Multi-stage random sampling was used as the main sampling method and snowball sampling as the auxiliary sampling method. The knowledge, attitude and behavior of snakebite among Chinese residents were investigated. Non-parametric test was used to compare the percentage differences in residents' knowledge, attitude and behavior of snakebite, and generalized linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors, and the vulnerability factors of snakebite patients were comprehensively analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 6338 subjects were included in this study, of which 68.4% were males, and 58.6% were farmers, workers and service personnel. The median total score of knowledge, attitude, and behavior was 26 (22,36). The patients who were improperly treated after injury were ligation proximal to the affected area (23.43%), squeezing (21.82%), and oral and suction wounds (8.74%). Did not go to hospital due to poverty (1351 cases) and did not receive antivenom (2068 cases). There were 21.32% and 32.63%, respectively. Among 4270 patients injected with antivenom 30.7% were vaccinated within 2 h. Among the patients who went to the hospital for treatment (4987), 75.0% arrived at the hospital within 6 h; Among the 4,761 patients who made emergency calls, 37.4% were treated within 0.5 h.
CONCLUSIONS
Snakebite patients in China have weak knowledge about snakebite, low awareness of medical treatment, lack of correct prevention and emergency treatment measures, dependence on folk remedies, poor housing and so on. In addition, there are low availability of antivenoms and unreasonable distribution of medical resources in some areas of China. Multisectoral and multidisciplinary cooperation should be developed to prevent and control snakebites in order to reduce the burden caused by snakebites.
Topics: Snake Bites; Humans; China; Male; Female; Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Adolescent; Antivenins; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Aged
PubMed: 38926898
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19169-3 -
Current Protocols Jun 2024Traditional skin sampling methods include punch or shave biopsies to produce a solid tissue sample for analysis. These biopsy procedures are painful, require anesthesia,...
Traditional skin sampling methods include punch or shave biopsies to produce a solid tissue sample for analysis. These biopsy procedures are painful, require anesthesia, and leave permanent scars. This unit describes a suction blister skin biopsy method that can be used in place of traditional biopsy methodologies as a minimally invasive, non-scarring skin sampling technique. The induction of suction blisters uses an instrument with a chamber that applies negative pressure and gentle heat to the skin. Blister formation occurs within 1 hr, producing up to five blisters, each 10 mm in diameter per biopsy site. Blister fluid can be extracted and centrifuged to retrieve cells from the epidermis and upper dermis for flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, cell culture, and more without the need for digestion protocols. In addition, the blister fluid can be used to measure soluble proteins and metabolites. This unit describes the preparation of supplies and subjects, the suction blister biopsy procedure and blister formation, fluid extraction, and post-blistering care. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of supplies and subject Basic Protocol 2: Suction blister biopsy procedure and formation Basic Protocol 3: Blister fluid extraction Basic Protocol 4: Post-blister care and clean up.
Topics: Humans; Blister; Suction; Biopsy; Skin; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 38924322
DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1073 -
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Esophageal cancer is a complex and challenging tumor to treat, with esophageal stenting being used as a palliative measure to improve the quality of life of patients....
Esophageal cancer is a complex and challenging tumor to treat, with esophageal stenting being used as a palliative measure to improve the quality of life of patients. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS), self-expandable plastic stents (SEPS), and biodegradable stents are the most commonly used types of stents. However, complications can arise, such as migration, bleeding, and perforation. To address issues of migration, this study developed a novel 3D printed bioinspired esophageal stent utilizing a highly flexible and ductile TPU material. The stent was designed to be self-expanding and tubular with flared ends to provide secure anchorage at both the proximal and distal ends of the structure. Suction cups were strategically placed around the shaft of the stent to prevent migration. The stent was evaluated through compression-recovery, self-expansion, and anti-migration tests to evaluate its recovery properties, self-expansion ability, and anchoring ability, respectively. The results indicated that the novel stent was able to recover its shape, expand, keep the esophagus open, and resist migration, demonstrating its potential for further research and clinical applications. Finite element analysis (FEA) was leveraged to analyze the stent's mechanical behavior, providing insights into its structural integrity, self-expansion capability, and resistance against migration. These results, supported by FEA, highlight the potential of this innovative stent for further research and its eventual application in preclinical settings.
PubMed: 38921239
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060359 -
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Octopus tentacles are equipped with numerous suckers, wherein the muscles contract and expel air, creating a pressure difference. Subsequently, when the muscular tension...
Octopus tentacles are equipped with numerous suckers, wherein the muscles contract and expel air, creating a pressure difference. Subsequently, when the muscular tension is released, objects can be securely adhered to. This mechanism has been widely employed in the development of adhesive systems. However, most existing octopus-inspired structures are passive and static, lacking dynamic and controllable adhesive switching capabilities and excellent locomotion performance. Here, we present an octopus-inspired soft robot (OISR). Attracted by the magnetic gradient field, the suction cup structure inside the OISR can generate a strong adsorption force, producing dynamically controllable adsorption and separation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The experimental results show that the OISR has a variety of controllable locomotion behaviors, including quick scrolling and rolling motions, generating fast locomotion responses, rolling over gastric folds, and tumbling and swimming inside liquids. By carrying drugs that are absorbable by GI epithelial cells to target areas, the OISR enables continuous drug delivery at lesions or inflamed regions of the GI tract. This research may be a potential approach for achieving localized slow drug release within the GI tract.
PubMed: 38921220
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060340 -
Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This study aims to describe the prevalence of malocclusion and identify associated factors in preschool children. Completed in 2022-2023, this cross-sectional study...
This study aims to describe the prevalence of malocclusion and identify associated factors in preschool children. Completed in 2022-2023, this cross-sectional study included 523 children aged 26 to 80 months in municipal schools in Salvador. An oral examination was carried out on the children, and a questionnaire was self-administered by the parents. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression (the backward method, -value ≤ 0.05, 95% CI) were conducted. The majority of children were female (51.82%), over 54 months old (52.2%), Black or mixed race (90.63%), and not affected by COVID-19 (92.35%). The prevalence of malocclusion was 43.21%, with open bite as the most common condition. There was a significant association between malocclusion and screen time (OR: 1.34; : 0.116; CI: 1.0-1.94), physical/psychological aggression (OR: 2.55; : 0.031; CI: 1.0-5.98), consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR: 1.77; : 0.003; CI: 1.22-2.57), digital suction (OR: 3.1; : 0.001; CI: 1.56-6.16), and the habit of biting objects (OR: 1.56; : 0.121; CI: 1.0-2.73). The promotion of comprehensive health in early childhood and psychosocial interventions are recommended, aiming to reduce screen time, aggression, consumption of ultra-processed foods, thumb sucking, and the habit of biting objects to prevent malocclusion.
PubMed: 38920754
DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5020019 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Jun 2024The friction of solids is primarily understood through the adhesive interactions between the surfaces. As a result, slick materials tend to be nonstick (e.g., Teflon),...
The friction of solids is primarily understood through the adhesive interactions between the surfaces. As a result, slick materials tend to be nonstick (e.g., Teflon), and sticky materials tend to produce high friction (e.g., tires and tape). Paradoxically, cartilage, the slippery bearing material of human joints, is also among the stickiest of known materials. This study aims to elucidate this apparent paradox. Cartilage is a biphasic material, and the most cited explanation is that both friction and adhesion increase as load transfers from the pressurized interstitial fluid to the solid matrix over time. In other words, cartilage is slippery and sticky under different times and conditions. This study challenges this explanation, demonstrating the strong adhesion of cartilage under high and low interstitial hydration conditions. Additionally, we find that cartilage clings to itself (a porous material) and Teflon (a nonstick material), as well as other surfaces. We conclude that the unusually strong interfacial tension produced by cartilage reflects suction (like a clingfish) rather than adhesion (like a gecko). This finding is surprising given its unusually large roughness, which typically allows for easy interfacial flow and defeats suction. The results provide compelling evidence that cartilage, like a clingfish, conforms to opposing surfaces and effectively seals submerged contacts. Further, we argue that interfacial sealing is itself a critical function, enabling cartilage to retain hydration, load support, and lubrication across long periods of inactivity.
PubMed: 38918081
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00608 -
Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie,... Jun 2024Secondary lymphoedema (SL) is one of the most common and, at the same time, most significant consequences and complications of modern oncological therapy. Although a...
BACKGROUND
Secondary lymphoedema (SL) is one of the most common and, at the same time, most significant consequences and complications of modern oncological therapy. Although a thorough patient history and physical examination are sufficient to substantiate a suspicion, it is essential to perform functional imaging of the lymphatic system for a targeted diagnosis and determination of severity. For this purpose, techniques such as MR and ICG lymphography as well as ultra-high-frequency ultrasound examinations have been developed and validated in recent years. The selective use of these techniques has allowed for individualized indications and successful stage-dependent treatment using (super)microsurgical techniques to restore regional lymphatic drainage in the context of intensified conservative therapy.
METHOD
Systematic review of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of SL with subsequent analysis and classification of the results into evidence levels according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and the GRADE Scale.
RESULTS
The established and validated diagnosis of SL includes imaging (ICG fluorescence lymphography, MR lymphography and Tc-99 functional lymphoscintigraphy) in case of a clinical suspicion and in high-risk patients. Complex physical decongestion therapy (CPE) is superior to physical therapy or compression alone. (Super)microsurgery of SL allows for a postoperative reduction in the frequency of CPE, a reduction of erysipelas rates, a volume reduction of the lymphomatous extremity and, if carried out prophylactically, a lower incidence of SL. Suction-assited lipectomy can produce long-term, stable reductions in circumference and an improvement in quality of life.
CONCLUSION
Patients with SL benefit from conservative therapy with regular re-evaluation. Patients with a high risk for SL or with clinical deterioration or persistent symptoms under guideline-based conservative therapy can benefit from (super)microsurgical therapy after an individualized functional diagnostic evaluation of the lymphatic system. Excisional dermolipectomies or lympholiposuctions are available and effective for advanced and refractory stages.
PubMed: 38914123
DOI: 10.1055/a-2322-1325 -
International Journal of Palliative... Jun 2024This scoping review was conducted to summarise and map studies on pain resulting from endotracheal suctioning in paediatric intensive care patients. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This scoping review was conducted to summarise and map studies on pain resulting from endotracheal suctioning in paediatric intensive care patients.
METHOD
This scoping review conducted in June 2022 was performed by screening articles published in English. Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, MedLine and Ovid databases were used for screening. The keywords 'endotracheal suctioning', 'pain', 'paediatric intensive care' and their synonyms were used in the search.
RESULTS
During the review, 280 articles were accessed, and the full texts of 14 articles were evaluated for suitability. After some of the articles were excluded from the study, abstracts of nine articles were given below.
CONCLUSION
It is recommended that a greater number of randomised controlled studies should be conducted, because the number of studies with a high level of evidence on the effect of endotracheal suctioning on the pain levels of patients in the paediatric intensive care unit is very few.
Topics: Humans; Suction; Child; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pain; Child, Preschool; Infant
PubMed: 38913639
DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2024.30.6.264