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Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2021We have described a sulfonamide-selective ambient ion source coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for selective extraction and determination...
We have described a sulfonamide-selective ambient ion source coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for selective extraction and determination of trace sulfonamide antibiotics. It is obtained by modifying an iron sheet with a sulfadiazine-templated hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymer (SF-HMIP). It behaves as both an online extractor and a MS ion source. Five sulfonamide antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfisoxazole (SIZ), sulfathiazole (ST), and sulfameter (SMD), were chosen to evaluate SF-HMIP coupled with ESI-MS, which showed good linearity in the range of 0.2-1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient values () over 0.9946. The limits of detection (LODs) for analysis of pure water and honey were in the range of 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-1.5 ng/mL, respectively. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) for analysis of pure water and honey were in the range of 0.3-0.5 and 1.0-5.0 ng/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that SF-HMIP combined with ESI-MS could be applied for the direct analysis of five trace sulfonamide compounds in honey and pure water with recoveries ranging from 76 to 129%.
Topics: Honey; Iron; Molecularly Imprinted Polymers; Solid Phase Extraction; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 34898196
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06623 -
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Feb 2022In spite of recent reports about the presence of pharmaceuticals in African water bodies, their prevalence has still not been sufficiently quantified. The few available...
Target and Suspect Screening of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in the Klip River, South Africa, using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
In spite of recent reports about the presence of pharmaceuticals in African water bodies, their prevalence has still not been sufficiently quantified. The few available studies have mostly focused on a limited number of pharmaceuticals. In the present study, a suspect screening of 92 compounds (mainly pharmaceuticals and their transformation products) along the Klip River, South Africa was conducted, followed by target monitoring of 21 of the detected pharmaceuticals. The experimental approach was based on solid-phase extraction followed by analysis with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The results revealed 47 pharmaceuticals, 31 of which were detected for the first time in South African waters. Seven detected pharmaceuticals (propyphenazole, sulfamerazine, levamisole, tryptophan, dibucaine, albuterol, and fenpropimorph) are not approved medications in South Africa. Six pharmaceutical metabolites were detected for the first time in South Africa. Pharmaceuticals with the highest concentrations in river water were flumequine (0.257 µg L ), oxolinic acid (0.355 µg L ), and acetaminophen (0.432 µg L ). Oxolinic acid presented the highest hazard quotient, 48.6, indicating a risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Hazard quotients for other pharmaceuticals were below 1, except that of flumequine, which reached 1.285. These results suggest a need for further research into the fate of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, and a quantification of the risks associated with the identified drugs because they are likely to accumulate in the tissues of fish/aquatic organisms, thus affecting humans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:437-447. © 2021 SETAC.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Environmental Monitoring; Mass Spectrometry; Oxolinic Acid; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Rivers; South Africa; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34888926
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5265 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2022To improve cathodic HO accumulation and Fe reduction synchronously in the electro-Fenton (EF) process, a microbubble-assisted rotary tubular titanium cathode (MRTTC) was...
To improve cathodic HO accumulation and Fe reduction synchronously in the electro-Fenton (EF) process, a microbubble-assisted rotary tubular titanium cathode (MRTTC) was designed for the first time. By utilizing this MRTTC, HO accumulation improved by 4.05-fold, along with a 200% enhancement in iron reduction compared to the conventional EF process. This promotion is mainly attributed to a considerably higher oxygen mass transfer, which reduces the thickness of the adhered diffusion layer. The oxygen mass transfer coefficient (K) also improved from 0.0073 s to 0.012 s at a rotational speed of 300 rpm. In addition, the microbubble-assisted cathode further improved the K to 0.047 s. The synergistic effect between the rotating and microbubble-assisted cathodes further intensified HO accumulation in MRTTC. Apart from HO promotion, the iron reduction rate was elevated because the newly formed O provided an additional reduction pathway for Fe reduction in addition to the cathodic path. The effectiveness of MRTTC was confirmed by treating a benchmark organic pollutant, sulfamerazine (SMR), where approximately 100% SMR decay was obtained in 3 h. The results show that MRTTC is a novel and promising design in EF for antibiotic wastewater treatment.
Topics: Electrodes; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Microbubbles; Oxidation-Reduction; Titanium; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34879586
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127403 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Oct 2021The specific concentrations of sulfonamides in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection...
The specific concentrations of sulfonamides in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties, are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. However, due to the lack of data on the parameters required to calculate the FARSC, it was not possible to conclude the assessment until further experimental data are available. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were identified for three sulfonamides: sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole and sulfamerazine. It was recommended to carry out studies to generate the data that are required to fill the gaps which prevented the calculation of the FARSC for these antimicrobials.
PubMed: 34729091
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6863 -
Chemosphere Feb 2022The effects of and main contributors in rhizosphere and plant species on the degradation of sulfonamides (SAs) in constructed wetland (CW) models for the treatment of...
The effects of and main contributors in rhizosphere and plant species on the degradation of sulfonamides (SAs) in constructed wetland (CW) models for the treatment of domestic wastewater are currently unclear. To investigate the degradation and key rhizosphere factors of mixed SAs with sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfamerazine (SMZ1), sulfamethazine (SMZ2), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) at millimeter distances from the root surface, a multi-interlayer rhizobox experiment planted with Cyperus alternifolius, Juncus effusus, Cyperus papyrus, and an unvegetated control was conducted. There was a higher O saturation and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and a lower SA content in the rhizosphere and near/moderate-rhizosphere (0-3 and 3-8 mm from rhizosphere) than the far/non-rhizosphere (8-40 and 40-90 mm from rhizosphere). Bacterial abundance and community composition was indicative of the microbial degradation of SAs. Both the O and DOC contents promoted total bacterial abundance in different zones from CW rhizoboxes. The relative abundance of the most dominant bacteria was significantly correlated with O, DOC, and SAs, except SMX, which also indicates other dissipation processes for SMX in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, more metabolites and aerobic SA-degrading bacteria were observed in the rhizosphere and near/moderate-rhizosphere than in the far/non-rhizosphere zones, suggesting that the effect of O in the rhizosphere is important in the degradation of SAs in CWs.
Topics: Dissolved Organic Matter; Rhizosphere; Sulfonamides; Wastewater; Wetlands
PubMed: 34626651
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132487 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Oct 2021An iron-nickel bimetallic oxide porous graphene composite material (Fe/Ni-PG) was prepared by a simple partial combustion method, which can be used to effectively remove...
An iron-nickel bimetallic oxide porous graphene composite material (Fe/Ni-PG) was prepared by a simple partial combustion method, which can be used to effectively remove sulfonamides (SAs) from an aqueous solution. The adsorption performance of Fe/Ni-PG, Fe-PG, and Ni-PG on six kinds of SAs was compared, and the influence of time, temperature, pH, and initial concentration of SAs on the adsorption behavior of SAs of Fe/Ni-PG in an aqueous solution was studied. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics exhibited that the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics model can describe the adsorption isotherm and kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacities of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamerazine (SM), sulfamethazine (SDM), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfapyridine (SPD), and sulfisoxazole (SIZ) calculated by the Langmuir model were 26.3, 50.3, 42.2, 27.3, 34.5, and 41.7 mg/g, respectively, which exceeded those of most reported adsorbents. In the adsorption process, hydrogen bonding, π-π electron donor-acceptor, electrostatic interaction, and bimetallic synergies play a major role, and the entire adsorption process is spontaneously endothermic. In addition, the material has excellent stability, and the Fe/Ni-PG after desorption is consistent with the raw material. This work provides a favorable way for the removal of SAs in the environment.
Topics: Adsorption; Graphite; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Oxides; Porosity; Sulfonamides; Thermodynamics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 34624195
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02275 -
Water Science and Technology : a... Sep 2021Ozone, UV/ozone, ozone/persulfate (PS) and UV/ozone/PS systems were used to mineralize sulfonamides. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethazine (SMZ)...
Ozone, UV/ozone, ozone/persulfate (PS) and UV/ozone/PS systems were used to mineralize sulfonamides. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were the target compounds. The novel contribution of this study is its determination of the effects of PS addition, sulfonamide structure, pH and salinity on sulfonamide mineralization in ozone-based systems. The mineralization rate of sulfonamides satisfied pseudo-first-order kinetics. The SMZ mineralization rate constant in ozone, UV/ozone, ozone/PS and UV/ozone/PS systems at pH 5 were 0.0058; 0.0101; 0.0069 and 0.0802 min, respectively, and those at pH 7 were 0.0075; 0.0116; 0.0083 and 0.0873 min, respectively. The increase in the number of methyl substituents in the heterocyclic group of SMZ and the corresponding increase in the steric hindrance of radical addition, reduced mineralization rates below those of SMR and SDZ. The addition of PS promoted sulfonamide mineralization in the ozone-based systems; conversely, salinity inhibited sulfonamide mineralization.
Topics: Ozone; Sulfadiazine; Sulfonamides; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34559073
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.325 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Feb 2022Drug product performance is polymorph specific, and it is imperative that solid phase stability be monitored throughout the manufacturing process to ensure final product...
Drug product performance is polymorph specific, and it is imperative that solid phase stability be monitored throughout the manufacturing process to ensure final product quality and performance. PXRD remains the gold standard for polymorph identification, but due to a growing interest in continuous manufacturing, a need has emerged for alternative process analytical technologies (PATs) that can provide fast, reliable, and non-destructive polymorph discrimination amenable to in situ process monitoring. Herein we demonstrate an original application of powder Brillouin light scattering (p-BLS) for the discrimination of polymorphic molecular solids. We hypothesize that the anisotropic sound velocities directly reflect the strength and orientation of the intermolecular forces in molecular solids. Redistributing these forces upon polymorphic conversion should thus clearly be reflected in the sound frequency distributions obtained by p-BLS. To test this hypothesis, three model compounds - resorcinol, sulfamerazine and furosemide - were selected. Distinct, polymorph-specific, acoustic frequency distributions were observed, and these p-BLS spectra were interpreted using a hydrogen-bond analysis and energy frameworks calculated from CrystalExplorer. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates that the sound frequencies measured in p-BLS are sensitive to the interaction forces in molecular solids, and p-BLS is a novel optical technique capable of reliably discriminating polymorphs. Extending this study further, we fully expect that many pharmaceutically relevant processes - e.g., hydrate formation, co-crystallization, or amorphous instability - could potentially be monitored using p-BLS.
Topics: Anisotropy; Crystallization; Light; Mechanical Phenomena; Powders
PubMed: 34516989
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.010 -
Environmental Research Mar 2022A heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) system can effectively broaden the applicable pH range, although the decreased electrogeneration efficiency of HO at elevated...
A heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) system can effectively broaden the applicable pH range, although the decreased electrogeneration efficiency of HO at elevated pH (especially neutral conditions) is unfavorable for the efficient removal of organic pollutants. Herein, a tannic acid-Fe complex derivative-modified carbon felt (TFD@CF) cathode was prepared for hetero-EF treatment of organic pollutants over a wide pH range. Interestingly, the as-prepared hetero-EF cathode could act as a pH regulator that acidified the solution over a wide pH range. As expected, the TFD@CF cathode exhibited excellent hetero-EF activity for the removal of diverse organic pollutants (such as methyl orange, methylene blue, sulfamerazine, bisphenol A and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at neutral and even alkaline pH (removal efficiency >90 %). A total of 2.98 kWh kg COD with 83.2 % COD removal could be achieved by the TFD@CF cathode for the treatment of actual textile dyeing secondary wastewater. Electrochemical characterizations proved that the TFD@CF cathode had excellent electrochemical properties with improved electron transfer ability and a well-pronounced Fe(III) electroreductive response. Meanwhile, more acidic groups were newly generated during the electrochemical reaction (an increase of 30.1 %), thus dissociating more H into solution. The identification of reactive oxygen species suggested that OH and O could be responsible for the removal of organic pollutants in the TFD@CF EF system. These interesting findings may provide new insights into the design of multifunctional hetero-EF cathodes for the removal of refractory organic pollutants.
Topics: Electrodes; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Tannins; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34487696
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111994 -
Journal of Chromatography. B,... Aug 2021A composite adsorbent composed of metallic copper (Cu), polypyrrole (PPy), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and magnetite nanoparticles (FeO) was developed to extract and...
A composite adsorbent composed of metallic copper (Cu), polypyrrole (PPy), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and magnetite nanoparticles (FeO) was developed to extract and enrich sulfonamides by dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction. The composite could adsorb sulfonamides via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic, π-π and π-electron-metal interactions. The extraction conditions were optimized and the developed composite adsorbent was characterized and provided a large surface area that enhanced extraction efficiency for sulfonamides. Coupled with high performance liquid chromatography, the adsorbent was used to quantitatively determine sulfonamides found in milk samples. The response of the developed method exhibited linearity from 5.0 to 150.0 μg kg for sulfathiazole, and from 2.5 to 100.0 μg kg for sulfamerazine, sulfamonomethoxine and sulfadimethoxine. Limits of detection were between 2.5 and 5.0 μg kg. Recoveries of sulfonamides in milk samples ranged from 83.0 to 99.2% with RSDs lower than 6%. The developed composite adsorbent showed good reproducibility and reusability.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clay; Copper; Drug Residues; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Milk; Nanocomposites; Polymers; Pyrroles; Reproducibility of Results; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 34418797
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122900