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Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Jun 2024Neonates undergo numerous painful procedures throughout their hospitalization. Repeated procedural pain may cause adverse long-term effects. Glucose as a...
BACKGROUND
Neonates undergo numerous painful procedures throughout their hospitalization. Repeated procedural pain may cause adverse long-term effects. Glucose as a non-pharmacological analgesia, is used for neonate pain management. In this study, potential mechanism of attenuate pain induced by glucose in neurodevelopment effect of neonate pain stimulus was investigated.
METHODS
Neonatal rats to perform a repetitive injury model and glucose intervention model in the postnatal day 0-7(P0-7). Pain thresholds were measured by von Frey test weekly. The puberty behavioral outcome, tissue loss and protein expression in hippocampus were analyzed.
RESULTS
Oral administration of glucose after repeated pain stimulation can maintain the hippocampal structure in, and reduce the expressions of corticotropin releasing factor (CFR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), therefore, resulted in long-term threshold of pain and cognitive improvement.
CONCLUSION
Exposure to neonatal repeated procedural pain causes persistent mechanical hypersensitivity and the dysfunction of spatial memory retention at puberty. In addition, glucose can relieve these adverse effects, possibly via decreasing CRF/GR levels to change the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
PubMed: 38941883
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150219 -
Investigational New Drugs Jun 2024The present study aimed to clarify the hypothesis that auger emitter I particles in combination with PARP inhibitor Olaparib could inhibit pancreatic cancer progression...
The present study aimed to clarify the hypothesis that auger emitter I particles in combination with PARP inhibitor Olaparib could inhibit pancreatic cancer progression by promoting antitumor immune response. Pancreatic cancer cell line (Panc02) and mice subcutaneously inoculated with Panc02 cells were employed for the in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively, followed by I and Olaparib administrations. The apoptosis and CRT exposure of Panc02 cells were detected using flow cytometry assay. QRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blot were employed to examine mRNA and protein expression. Experimental results showed that I combined with Olaparib induced immunogenic cell death and affected antigen presentation in pancreatic cancer. I in combination with Olaparib influenced T cells and dendritic cells by up-regulating CD4, CD8, CD69, Caspase3, CD86, granzyme B, CD80, and type I interferon (IFN)-γ and down-regulating Ki67 in vivo. The combination also activated the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase stimulator of IFN genes (Sting) pathway in Panc02 cells. Moreover, Sting knockdown alleviated the effect of the combination of I and Olaparib on pancreatic cancer progression. In summary, I in combination with Olaparib inhibited pancreatic cancer progression through promoting antitumor immune responses, which may provide a potential treatment for pancreatic cancer.
PubMed: 38941055
DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01454-y -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jun 2024In pursuit of sustainable agricultural production, the development of environmentally friendly and effective biopesticides is essential to improve food security and...
In pursuit of sustainable agricultural production, the development of environmentally friendly and effective biopesticides is essential to improve food security and environmental sustainability. Bacteriophages, as emerging biocontrol agents, offer an alternative to conventional antibiotics and synthetic chemical pesticides. The primary challenges in applying phage-based biopesticides in agricultural settings are their inherent fragility and low biocidal efficacy, particularly the susceptibility to sunlight exposure. This study addresses the aforementioned challenges by innovatively encapsulating phages in sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs), which are derived from plant pollen grains. The size of the apertures on SECs could be controlled through a non-thermal and rapid process, combining reinflation and vacuum infusion techniques. This unique feature facilitates the high-efficiency encapsulation and controlled release of phages under various conditions. The proposed SECs could encapsulate over 9 log PFU g of phages and significantly enhance the ultraviolet (UV) resistance of phages, thereby ensuring their enhanced survivability and antimicrobial efficacy. The effectiveness of SECs encapsulated phages (T7@SECs) in preventing and treating bacterial contamination on lettuce leaves is further demonstrated, highlighting the practical applicability of this novel biopesticide in field applications. Overall, this study exploits the potential of SECs in the development of phage-based biopesticides, presenting a promising strategy to enhancing agricultural sustainability.
PubMed: 38940376
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403465 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Ultraviolet light in the UV-C band is known as germicidal radiation and was widely used for both sterilization of the equipment and creation of a sterile environment....
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Ultraviolet light in the UV-C band is known as germicidal radiation and was widely used for both sterilization of the equipment and creation of a sterile environment. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of inactivation of microorganisms deposited on surfaces with various textures by UV-C radiation disinfection devices.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Five microorganisms (3 bacteria, virus, and fungus) deposited on metal, plastic, and glass surfaces with smooth and rough textures were irradiated with UV-C light emitted by low-pressure mercury lamp and ultraviolet emitting diodes (LEDs), from a distance of 0.5 m, 1 m, and 1.5 m to check their survivability after 20-minute exposure.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Both tested UV-C sources were effective in inactivation of microorganisms; however, LED emitter was more efficient in this respect than the mercury lamp. The survival rate of microorganisms depended on the UV-C dose, conditioned by the distance from UV-C source being the highest at 0.5 m and the lowest at 1.5 m. For the tested microorganisms, the highest survival rate after UV-C irradiation was usually visible on glass and plastic surfaces. This observation should be considered in all environments where the type of material (from which the elements of technical equipment are manufactured and may be contaminated by specific activities) is important for maintaining the proper level of hygiene and avoiding the unwanted and uncontrolled spread of microbiological pollution.
Topics: Ultraviolet Rays; Disinfection; Fungi; Bacteria; Viruses; Surface Properties; Microbial Viability; Plastics; Glass
PubMed: 38940114
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/189695 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Ozone pollution is associated with cardiovascular disease mortality, and there is a high correlation between different pollutants. This study aimed to assess the...
BACKGROUND
Ozone pollution is associated with cardiovascular disease mortality, and there is a high correlation between different pollutants. This study aimed to assess the association between ozone and cardiovascular disease deaths and the resulting disease burden in Nanjing, China.
METHODS
A total of 151,609 deaths from cardiovascular disease were included in Nanjing, China from 2013 to 2021. Daily data on meteorological and air pollution were collected to apply a generalized additional model with multiple pollutants to perform exposure-response analyses, stratification analysis, and evaluation of excess deaths using various standards.
RESULTS
In the multi-pollutant model, an increase of 10 μg/m in O was significantly associated with a 0.81% (95%CI: 0.49, 1.12%) increase in cardiovascular disease deaths in lag05. The correlation weakened in both the single-pollutant model and two-pollutant models, but remained more pronounced in females, the older group, and during warm seasons. From 2013 to 2021, the number of excess deaths attributed to ozone exposure in cardiovascular disease continued to rise with an increase in ozone concentration in Nanjing. If the ozone concentration were to be reduced to the WHO standard and the minimum level, the number of deaths would decrease by 1,736 and 10,882, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The risk of death and excess deaths from cardiovascular disease due to ozone exposure increases with higher ozone concentration. Reducing ozone concentration to meet WHO standards or lower can provide greater cardiovascular disease health benefits.
Topics: Ozone; Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Female; Male; Air Pollutants; Environmental Exposure; Air Pollution; Middle Aged; Aged; Seasons; Adult; Rivers
PubMed: 38939565
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1353384 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Pesticides are widely used in agricultural activities. Although pesticide use is known to cause damage to the human body, its relationship with thyroid function remains...
BACKGROUND
Pesticides are widely used in agricultural activities. Although pesticide use is known to cause damage to the human body, its relationship with thyroid function remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide exposure and thyroid function.
METHODS
The Chinese database used included 60 patients with pyrethroid poisoning and 60 participants who underwent health checkups between June 2022 and June 2023. The NHANES database included 1,315 adults enrolled from 2007 to 2012. The assessed pesticide and their metabolites included 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F3PB), para-nitrophenol (PN), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3P), and trans-dichlorovinyl-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TDDC). The evaluated indicators of thyroid function were measured by the blood from the included population. The relationship between pesticide exposure and thyroid function indexes was investigated using linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), restricted cubic spline (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) models.
RESULTS
The Chinese data showed that pesticide exposure was negatively correlated with the thyroid function indicators FT4, TT4, TgAb, and TPOAb (all < 0.05). The BKMR model analysis of the NHANES data showed that the metabolic mixture of multiple pesticides was negatively associated with FT4, TSH, and Tg, similar to the Chinese database findings. Additionally, linear regression analysis demonstrated positive correlations between 2,4-D and FT3 ( = 0.041) and 4F3PB and FT4 ( = 0.003), whereas negative associations were observed between 4F3PB and Tg ( = 0.001), 4F3PB and TgAb ( = 0.006), 3P and TgAB ( = 0.006), 3P and TPOAb ( = 0.03), PN and TSH ( = 0.003), PN and TT4 ( = 0.031), and TDDC and TPOAb ( < 0.001). RCS curves highlighted that most pesticide metabolites were negatively correlated with thyroid function indicators. Finally, WQS model analysis revealed significant differences in the weights of different pesticide metabolites on the thyroid function indexes.
CONCLUSION
There is a significant negative correlation between pesticide metabolites and thyroid function indicators, and the influence weights of different pesticide metabolites on thyroid function indicators are significantly different. More research is needed to further validate the association between different pesticide metabolites and thyroid disease.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Male; Female; Middle Aged; China; Adult; Thyroid Gland; Nutrition Surveys; Thyroid Function Tests; Environmental Exposure; Databases, Factual; Aged; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; East Asian People
PubMed: 38939562
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378027 -
Cureus May 2024Background and objective Exposure to sunlight's ultraviolet (UV) radiation poses various health risks, including sunburn, skin damage, and heightened skin cancer risk....
Background and objective Exposure to sunlight's ultraviolet (UV) radiation poses various health risks, including sunburn, skin damage, and heightened skin cancer risk. Sunblock usage has surged due to widespread advertising campaigns. Individuals spending time outdoors should employ protective measures like wearing hats, applying sunblock with a high sun protection factor (SPF), covering exposed skin, and seeking shade to mitigate UV exposure's harmful effects. This study's objective is to assess participants' experiences and satisfaction with SPF 100 sunscreen in actual use conditions. Methodology This study employed a prospective, single-center design involving 100 participants aged 18 to 70 years. Eligible individuals had Fitzpatrick skin types I-III and were engaged in outdoor activities, excluding those with certain medical conditions or medication use. Each participant received sunscreen tubes (Solero SPF 100, Helix Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Karachi, Pakistan), and clinical evaluations were conducted on the day before and after and day 22 visits, with sunblock application and UV-induced erythema assessments performed. Results Our study enrolled participants with a mean age of 25.6 ± 7.1 years, ranging from 15 to 55 years, with females comprising 84% (84) of the sample. Results revealed widespread satisfaction and acceptance of SPF 100 sunscreen, without any reported adverse reactions. A significant majority expressed their willingness to purchase and recommend the sunscreen to others. Furthermore, the majority of healthcare providers expressed satisfaction with prescribing this sunscreen. Conclusions In conclusion, SPF 100 sunscreen demonstrated excellent tolerability and acceptability among participants, suggesting its potential utility in both personal sun protection routines and clinical settings.
PubMed: 38939303
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61212 -
JACC. Advances Mar 2024Augmented reality (AR) guidance holds potential to improve transcatheter interventions by enabling visualization of and interaction with patient-specific 3-dimensional...
BACKGROUND
Augmented reality (AR) guidance holds potential to improve transcatheter interventions by enabling visualization of and interaction with patient-specific 3-dimensional virtual content. Positioning of cerebral embolic protection devices (CEP) during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) increases patient exposure to radiation and iodinated contrast, and increases procedure time. AR may enhance procedural guidance and facilitate a safer intervention.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to develop and test a novel AR guidance system with a custom user interface that displays virtual, patient-specific 3-dimensional anatomic models, and assess its intraprocedural impact during CEP placement in TAVR.
METHODS
Patients undergoing CEP during TAVR were prospectively enrolled and assigned to either AR guidance or control groups. Primary endpoints were contrast volume used prior to filter placement, times to filter placement, and fluoroscopy time. Postprocedure questionnaires were administered to assess intraprocedural physician experience with AR guidance.
RESULTS
A total of 24 patients presenting for TAVR were enrolled in the study (12 with AR guidance and 12 controls). AR guidance eliminated the need for aortic arch angiograms prior to device placement thus reducing contrast volume (0 mL vs 15 mL, < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the time required for filter placement or fluoroscopy time. Postprocedure questionnaires indicated that AR guidance increased confidence in wiring of the aortic arch and facilitated easier device placement.
CONCLUSIONS
We developed a novel AR guidance system that eliminated the need for additional intraprocedural angiograms prior to device placement without any significant difference in time to intervention and offered a subjective improvement in performance of the intervention.
PubMed: 38938839
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100839 -
Inorganic Chemistry Jun 2024Type I photosensitizers offer an advantage in photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their diminished reliance on oxygen levels, thus circumventing the challenge of hypoxia...
An NIR Type I Photosensitizer Based on a Cyclometalated Ir(III)-Rhodamine Complex for a Photodynamic Antibacterial Effect toward Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.
Type I photosensitizers offer an advantage in photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their diminished reliance on oxygen levels, thus circumventing the challenge of hypoxia commonly encountered in PDT. In this study, we present the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a novel type I photosensitizer derived from a cyclometalated Ir(III)-rhodamine complex. Remarkably, the complex exhibits a shift in absorption and fluorescence, transitioning from "off" to "on" states in aprotic and protic solvents, respectively, contrary to initial expectations. Upon exposure to light, the complex demonstrates the effective generation of O and ·OH radicals via the type I mechanism. Additionally, it exhibits notable photodynamic antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. This research offers valuable insights for the development of novel type I photosensitizers.
PubMed: 38937959
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01914 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jun 2024Fly ash from waste incineration is growing rapidly and has become a global problem. Landfill is the main treatment method, but the release behavior of ultra-alkaline fly...
Fly ash from waste incineration is growing rapidly and has become a global problem. Landfill is the main treatment method, but the release behavior of ultra-alkaline fly ash needs further study. In this study, the release pattern of heavy metals from fly ash, the long-term risk after seepage, and the main control mechanisms were explored by indoor simulation experiments and process simulation modeling. The results show that carbonation is the main control mechanism for the release rate of heavy metals from super-alkaline fly ash, and the release rate is slow at the initial stage, but the release concentration of Zn and Pb may increase tens of times with the continuous reaction between the acidic substances in the leachate and the alkaline substances in the fly ash. The heavy metals released into the leachate can cause the concentration of Zn, Cd and Pb in the groundwater to exceed the standard by 39.50, 6.70 and 5.99 times due to seepage. Furnace type is the key controlling factor for background concentrations of heavy metals in ultra-alkaline fly ash, and the exposure concentrations of Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in ultra-alkaline fly ash from grate furnaces as well as the GT1 facility are 4.19, 4.19, 4.14, and 37.5 times greater than those of fluidized beds, respectively, with a higher risk of long-term landfill. Regionally, the regional occupancy rate of heavy metal concentrations indicated that the risk of adequate rainfall was high in the southeastern coastal region, which was five times higher than that in the inland northwest. Therefore, the long-term dynamics and risk evolution of Zn, Cd, and Pb in the groundwater around MSWLs in the coastal area should be paid attention to after the landfilling of ultra-alkaline fly ash in order to ensure the safety of the shallow groundwater environment after landfilling.
PubMed: 38936793
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124410