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Public Health in Practice (Oxford,... Jun 2024HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccination is a safe, effective method to prevent HPV-associated disease. Racial-ethnic disparities in HPV vaccination exist, which could...
BACKGROUND
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccination is a safe, effective method to prevent HPV-associated disease. Racial-ethnic disparities in HPV vaccination exist, which could lead to widening gaps in cervical cancer mortality. Provider discussion of HPV vaccination has been shown to be a primary factor for increasing vaccination rates. The objective of this study is to assess provider discussion of HPV vaccination pre and post implementation of an intervention, named the HPV Vaccine Toolkit, in an Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) clinic in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
This quality improvement study occurred over four cycles of development. Its design was guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. The toolkit components included dot phrases (pre-written phrases to speed documentation), educational posters, electronic health record prompts, HPV vaccine referral guides, and educational sessions. Chart audits and pre- and post-providers surveys were performed between 2019 and 2021 to assess for an increase in provider discussion of the HPV vaccine, as well as to evaluate the various components of the toolkit.
RESULTS
Provider discussion increased over the four cycles of this intervention, with HPV vaccination discussion documented in 15 % of patients in 2019, 19 % of patients in 2020 and 47 % of patients in 2021. Gaps identified included limited discussion of vaccination at postpartum visits. Provider uncertainty of where to refer patients for the HPV vaccine decreased following the intervention.
CONCLUSION
Discussion of HPV vaccination is an important preventative strategy that can be overlooked in OB/GYN clinics. Implementation of multicomponent strategies can increase provider discussion of HPV vaccination status, although barriers to discussion remain. Improved counseling on HPV vaccination could have significant impacts on reducing HPV-related disease.
PubMed: 38362262
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100473 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Despite its millennial existence and empirical documentation, the ethnological knowledge of herbs is a more recent phenomenon. The knowledge of their historical uses as... (Review)
Review
Despite its millennial existence and empirical documentation, the ethnological knowledge of herbs is a more recent phenomenon. The knowledge of their historical uses as food, medicine, source of income and small-scale businesses, and the sociological impacts are threatened due to the slow ethnobotanical research drive. Species of the genus have long been extensively used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses of humans since the dawn of civilization. All data were systematically obtained from papers, monographs, and books written in Uzbek, Russian, and English through various scientific online databases, including Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Semantic Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science using specific keywords focused on eight species. Eight native and non-native species as L., L., L., L., Dunal., Lam., L., and Mill. have been recorded in Uzbekistan of Central Asia. In this article we presented recently obtained data on the diversity, morphological characteristics, global distribution, habitat, population status, phenology, reproduction, pharmacology and phytochemistry of these species in Uzbekistan. Furthermore, relying on a combination of literature reviews and analyses from various scientific papers, we focus on food consumption coupled with global ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological uses in human diseases of the species growing in Uzbekistan. Since the dawn of civilization, these eight cultivated and non-cultivated species of have provided sustainable resources of medicinal plants in Uzbekistan to prevent and treat various human diseases. Based on the collected data, it was shown that species have not been studied ethnobotanically and ethnomedicinally in Uzbekistan and it is necessary to conduct phytochemical and biotechnological research on them in the future. Traditional uses and scientific evaluation of indicate that , and are one of the most widely used species in some parts of the world. Although considerable progress has been made to comprehend the chemical and biological properties of and species, more research on the pharmacology and toxicology of these species is needed to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of their biologically active extracts and isolated bioactive compounds. Additionally, conducting additional research on the structure-activity relationship of certain isolated phytochemicals has the potential to enhance their biological efficacy and advance the scientific utilization of traditional applications of taxa.
PubMed: 38333226
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1287793 -
Implementation Research and Practice 2024Police and mental health co-responder programs operate internationally and can be effective in providing timely and appropriate assessment, brief intervention, and...
BACKGROUND
Police and mental health co-responder programs operate internationally and can be effective in providing timely and appropriate assessment, brief intervention, and referral services for people experiencing mental health crises. However, these models vary greatly, and little is known about how the design and implementation of these programs impacts their effectiveness.
METHOD
This study was a qualitative, post hoc implementation determinant evaluation of mental health co-responder units in Brisbane, Australia, comprising of verbal or written interviews with police and mental health staff with an on-road role in the co-responder units, and their managers. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to identify barriers and enablers to the program's implementation and effectiveness.
RESULTS
Participants ( = 30) from all groups felt strongly that the co-responder units are a substantial improvement over the usual police management of mental health crisis cases, and lead to better outcomes for consumers and the service. Enablers included an information-sharing agreement; the Mental Health Co-Responder (MHCORE) program's compatibility with existing police and mental health services; and the learning opportunity for both organizations. Barriers included cultural differences between the organizations, particularly risk-aversion to suicidality for police and a focus on least-restrictive practices for health; extensive documentation requirements for health; and a lack of specific mental health training for police.
CONCLUSIONS
Using an evidence-based implementation science framework enabled identification of a broad range of contextual barriers and enablers to implementation of police mental health co-responder programs. Adapting the program to address these barriers and enablers during the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation phases increases the likelihood of the service's effectiveness. These findings will inform the spread and scale of the co-responder program across Queensland, and will be relevant to police districts internationally considering implementing a co-responder program.
PubMed: 38322801
DOI: 10.1177/26334895231220259 -
Journal of the American Society For... Mar 2024Automation is dramatically changing the nature of laboratory life science. Robotic lab hardware that can perform manual operations with greater speed, endurance, and...
Automation is dramatically changing the nature of laboratory life science. Robotic lab hardware that can perform manual operations with greater speed, endurance, and reproducibility opens an avenue for faster scientific discovery with less time spent on laborious repetitive tasks. A major bottleneck remains in integrating cutting-edge laboratory equipment into automated workflows, notably specialized analytical equipment, which is designed for human usage. Here we present AutonoMS, a platform for automatically running, processing, and analyzing high-throughput mass spectrometry experiments. AutonoMS is currently written around an ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) platform and can be adapted to additional analytical instruments and data processing flows. AutonoMS enables automated software agent-controlled end-to-end measurement and analysis runs from experimental specification files that can be produced by human users or upstream software processes. We demonstrate the use and abilities of AutonoMS in a high-throughput flow-injection ion mobility configuration with 5 s sample analysis time, processing robotically prepared chemical standards and cultured yeast samples in targeted and untargeted metabolomics applications. The platform exhibited consistency, reliability, and ease of use while eliminating the need for human intervention in the process of sample injection, data processing, and analysis. The platform paves the way toward a more fully automated mass spectrometry analysis and ultimately closed-loop laboratory workflows involving automated experimentation and analysis coupled to AI-driven experimentation utilizing cutting-edge analytical instrumentation. AutonoMS documentation is available at https://autonoms.readthedocs.io.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Mass Spectrometry; Software; Automation; Metabolomics
PubMed: 38310603
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00396 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Jun 2024To investigate the ways that nurses engage with referral letters and discharge summaries, and the qualities of these documents they find valuable for safe and effective...
AIMS
To investigate the ways that nurses engage with referral letters and discharge summaries, and the qualities of these documents they find valuable for safe and effective practice.
DESIGN
This study comprised a qualitative, case-study design within a constructivist paradigm using convenience sampling.
METHODS
Interviews were conducted with nurses to investigate their practices relating to referral letters and discharge summaries. Data collection also involved nurses' examination and evaluation of a diverse range of 10 referral letters and discharge summaries from medical records at two Australian hospitals through focus-group sessions. The data were transcribed and analysed inductively.
RESULTS
In all, 67 nurses participated in interviews or focus groups. Nurses indicated they used referral letters and discharge summaries to inform their work when caring for patients at different times throughout their hospitalisation. These documents assisted them with verbal handovers, to enable them to educate patients about their condition and treatment and to provide a high standard of care. The qualities of referral letters and discharge summaries that they most valued were language and communication, an awareness of audience and clinical knowledge, as well as balancing conciseness with comprehensiveness of information.
CONCLUSION
Nurses relied on referral letters and discharge summaries to ensure safe and effective patient care. They used these documents to enhance their verbal handovers, contribute to patient care and to educate the patient about their condition and treatment. They identified several qualities of these documents that assisted them in maintaining patient safety including clarity and conciseness of information.
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE
It is important that referral letters and discharge summaries are written clearly, concisely and comprehensively because nurses use them as key sources of evidence in planning and delivering care, and in communicating with other health professionals in relaying goals of care and implementing treatment plans.
IMPACT
Nurses reported that they regularly used referral letters and discharge summaries as valuable sources of evidence throughout their patients' hospitalisation. The qualities of these documents which they most valued were language and communication styles, awareness of audience and clinical knowledge, as well as balancing conciseness with comprehensiveness of information. This research has important impact on the patient experience in relation to encouraging effective referral letter and discharge summary writing.
REPORTING METHOD
We have adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines through the SRQR reporting method.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
No patient or public contribution.
Topics: Humans; Referral and Consultation; Qualitative Research; Patient Discharge; Australia; Female; Adult; Focus Groups; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Handoff
PubMed: 38304996
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17054 -
British Journal of Community Nursing Feb 2024Iwan Dowie discusses the need for appropriate record keeping in community nursing. Through a series of legal examples, a case is made for good documentation, with...
Iwan Dowie discusses the need for appropriate record keeping in community nursing. Through a series of legal examples, a case is made for good documentation, with suggestions that include factual, eligible and well-written records.
Topics: Humans; Documentation; Nursing Care
PubMed: 38300239
DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2024.29.2.58 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Feb 2024To investigate how functional cognition of people post-stroke is evaluated and reported by occupational therapists in Ireland. Functional cognition refers to the use and...
PURPOSE
To investigate how functional cognition of people post-stroke is evaluated and reported by occupational therapists in Ireland. Functional cognition refers to the use and integration of cognitive skills for daily function.
METHODS
This study used a qualitative design. Six focus groups and one individual interview were conducted with 20 occupational therapists purposively sampled for variation across different clinical grades. Data were analysed according to the Braun and Clark thematic analysis framework.
RESULTS
Participants felt that assessment of functional cognition was an integral feature of occupational therapy assessment in stroke care but acknowledged that terminology used by occupational therapists for functional cognition was inconsistent. Non-standardised observational assessment was routinely used by participants. Challenges were reported with respect to written documentation of non-standardised observations. Participants reported that use of standardised cognitive assessments required considered clinical reasoning before administration. Standardised performance-based assessments were not widely implemented by participants.
CONCLUSION
Occupational therapists in Ireland reported a multi-component assessment process to evaluate functional cognition post-stroke. Establishing practice guidelines for the assessment of functional cognition may be of benefit to occupational therapists working in stroke care. Further research is needed to quantify procedures in this assessment process to account for variation in practice.
PubMed: 38299538
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2310760 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jan 2024Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) is a valuable experimental tool to study the immune state in health and following immune challenges such as...
Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) is a valuable experimental tool to study the immune state in health and following immune challenges such as infectious diseases, (auto)immune diseases, and cancer. Several tools have been developed to reconstruct B cell and T cell receptor sequences from AIRR-seq data and infer B and T cell clonal relationships. However, currently available tools offer limited parallelization across samples, scalability or portability to high-performance computing infrastructures. To address this need, we developed nf-core/airrflow, an end-to-end bulk and single-cell AIRR-seq processing workflow which integrates the Immcantation Framework following BCR and TCR sequencing data analysis best practices. The Immcantation Framework is a comprehensive toolset, which allows the processing of bulk and single-cell AIRR-seq data from raw read processing to clonal inference. nf-core/airrflow is written in Nextflow and is part of the nf-core project, which collects community contributed and curated Nextflow workflows for a wide variety of analysis tasks. We assessed the performance of nf-core/airrflow on simulated sequencing data with sequencing errors and show example results with real datasets. To demonstrate the applicability of nf-core/airrflow to the high-throughput processing of large AIRR-seq datasets, we validated and extended previously reported findings of convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing 97 COVID-19 infected individuals and 99 healthy controls, including a mixture of bulk and single-cell sequencing datasets. Using this dataset, we extended the convergence findings to 20 additional subjects, highlighting the applicability of nf-core/airrflow to validate findings in small in-house cohorts with reanalysis of large publicly available AIRR datasets. nf-core/airrflow is available free of charge, under the MIT license on GitHub (https://github.com/nf-core/airrflow). Detailed documentation and example results are available on the nf-core website at (https://nf-co.re/airrflow).
PubMed: 38293151
DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576147 -
Health Science Reports Jan 2024Quasi-randomized clinical trial.
TRAIL DESIGN
Quasi-randomized clinical trial.
METHODS
: This study includes adult patients (≥18 years) who gave written consent for preoperative site preparation using razors or clippers. Exclusions comprised individuals <18 years, bilateral hernias, prior laparoscopic hernia repair, steroid/chemotherapy use, diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and incomplete medical documentation. : Patients who underwent hernia surgery during the initial week of the study underwent site preparation using a razor, while in subsequent weeks underwent site preparation using a clipper. This randomization was maintained throughout the study. Uniform site preparation was done by consistent staff. Postpreparation interviews, follow-up interviews of the patients, and unbiased evaluation of digital photographs were conducted by nonoperating surgeon panels. : Preoperative, patient response, degree of skin trauma, quality of hair removal, and association between site preparation-like parameters were compared and analyzed between two groups using Statistical Package for Social Sciences-25. : In this study, blinding was not done and the primary investigator was aware of the two groups.
RESULTS
The total number of participants was 320. The mean age of the Razor group was 45.36 ± 14.68 years and that of Clipper was 44.42 ± 13.77 ( < 0.98). The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) was 23 (14.4%) in the razor group and 8(5%) in the clipper group, ( = 0.01). Skin trauma was found more in the razor group as compared to the clipper group. Also, the analysis of the provided data revealed that 65% of participants who experienced sustained cuts developed SSI.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the practice of preoperative hair removal on-site preparation using a razor is associated with the incidence of skin trauma but overall shave quality at the operative site was better in the razor group with an apparent increased risk of SSI. Based on these findings, it would be better for surgeons to decide on an operation for either razors or clippers for preoperative preparation.
PubMed: 38274137
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1830 -
Current Protocols Jan 2024PhyloFisher is a software package written primarily in Python3 that can be used for the creation, analysis, and visualization of phylogenomic datasets that consist of...
PhyloFisher is a software package written primarily in Python3 that can be used for the creation, analysis, and visualization of phylogenomic datasets that consist of protein sequences from eukaryotic organisms. Unlike many existing phylogenomic pipelines, PhyloFisher comes with a manually curated database of 240 protein-coding genes, a subset of a previous phylogenetic dataset sampled from 304 eukaryotic taxa. The software package can also utilize a user-created database of eukaryotic proteins, which may be more appropriate for shallow evolutionary questions. PhyloFisher is also equipped with a set of utilities to aid in running routine analyses, such as the prediction of alternative genetic codes, removal of genes and/or taxa based on occupancy/completeness of the dataset, testing for amino acid compositional heterogeneity among sequences, removal of heterotachious and/or fast-evolving sites, removal of fast-evolving taxa, supermatrix creation from randomly resampled genes, and supermatrix creation from nucleotide sequences. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Constructing a phylogenomic dataset Basic Protocol 2: Performing phylogenomic analyses Support Protocol 1: Installing PhyloFisher Support Protocol 2: Creating a custom phylogenomic database.
Topics: Phylogeny; Biological Evolution; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Culture
PubMed: 38265166
DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.969