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International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022With the acceleration of global urbanization, the interaction between the urban built environment and transportation carbon emissions (TCE) has become an urgent problem... (Review)
Review
With the acceleration of global urbanization, the interaction between the urban built environment and transportation carbon emissions (TCE) has become an urgent problem and an area of intensive research. This paper presents a bibliometric and visual analysis of 1060 pieces of literature related to the built environment and TCE from 1998 to 2022. It explores the current research progress and future development trends in this field. The results show the following. (1) The number of papers published on the built environment and TCE during this period has shown a continuous increasing trend, and the periods of growth can be divided into three stages. (2) Research in this area has been carried out in many countries and regions around the world, involving different dimensions such as examinations at the city, provincial, and national levels. (3) Through an analysis involving keyword clustering, a keyword hotspot map, and a burst map, we have established that the research on TCE has exhibited step-by-step growth, and the carbon emissions from vehicles is the topic that has been considered over the longest period. (4) The impact of the built environment on TCE can be broadly divided into macro-functional and micromorphological factors.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Carbon Dioxide; Vehicle Emissions; Cities; Built Environment; China
PubMed: 36554781
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416898 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2023The aim of this study was to catalog and evaluate response biomarkers correlated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms to improve clinical trials. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to catalog and evaluate response biomarkers correlated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms to improve clinical trials.
METHODS
A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus was conducted in April 2020. Seven criteria were applied to focus on original research that includes quantifiable response biomarkers measured alongside ASD symptoms. Interventional studies or human studies that assessed the correlation between biomarkers and ASD-related behavioral measures were included.
RESULTS
A total of 5,799 independent records yielded 280 articles for review that reported on 940 biomarkers, 755 of which were unique to a single publication. Molecular biomarkers were the most frequently assayed, including cytokines, growth factors, measures of oxidative stress, neurotransmitters, and hormones, followed by neurophysiology (e.g., EEG and eye tracking), neuroimaging (e.g., functional MRI), and other physiological measures. Studies were highly heterogeneous, including in phenotypes, demographic characteristics, tissues assayed, and methods for biomarker detection. With a median total sample size of 64, almost all of the reviewed studies were only powered to identify biomarkers with large effect sizes. Reporting of individual-level values and summary statistics was inconsistent, hampering mega- and meta-analysis. Biomarkers assayed in multiple studies yielded mostly inconsistent results, revealing a "replication crisis."
CONCLUSIONS
There is currently no response biomarker with sufficient evidence to inform ASD clinical trials. This review highlights methodological imperatives for ASD biomarker research necessary to make definitive progress: consistent experimental design, correction for multiple comparisons, formal replication, sharing of sample-level data, and preregistration of study designs. Systematic "big data" analyses of multiple potential biomarkers could accelerate discovery.
Topics: Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Phenotype; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Research Design
PubMed: 36475375
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21100992 -
Journal of Clinical and Translational... Dec 2022Wound healing is a complex process comprised of several distinct phases. An imbalance in any of the stages creates a chronic wound with the potential to cause... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Wound healing is a complex process comprised of several distinct phases. An imbalance in any of the stages creates a chronic wound with the potential to cause life-threatening complications for patients. Chitosan (CS) is a biopolymer that has shown to positively impact the different healing phases. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of CS-based wound therapy for the skin healing process after an injury.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted in November 2021 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane online databases were queried to capture all publications in the past 10 years that investigated the CS effects on inflammation and immune reaction.
RESULTS
A total of 234 studies were screened after removing duplicates and 14 articles fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the studies, CS was combined with a wide range of products. One clinical trial was found that treated patients with diabetic foot ulcers. All animal models in the studies used a full-thickness skin wound to test the effectiveness of CS in the healing process. Decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, a shortened inflammatory phase and accelerated wound closure was observed in all of the studies.
CONCLUSIONS
CS proved to be a feasible, versatile, and multifaceted biomaterial that enhances the biological response to a skin injury. When combined with other products, its potential to boost the healing process through regulation of the inflammatory and cellular activity is increased.
RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS
Although few clinical trials have been completed, CS has become an excellent alternative to modulate the local inflammatory response promoting wound healing. Especially in patients with associated comorbidities that affect the typical resolution of skin healing, such as diabetes and vascular insufficiency. Therefore, using bioactive wound dressings based on CS combined with nanoparticles, growth factors, lived cells, or medications released in a controlled manner positively impacts patient life by shorting the wound healing process.
PubMed: 36451998
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Jan 2023The lack of cognitive activity accelerates age cognitive decline. Cognitive stimulation (CS) tries to enhance cognitive functioning. The purpose of this systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The lack of cognitive activity accelerates age cognitive decline. Cognitive stimulation (CS) tries to enhance cognitive functioning. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of CS on cognitive outcomes (general cognitive functioning and specific cognitive domains) in older adults (aged 65 years or older, cognitively healthy participants, or with mild cognitive impairment, or dementia).
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were examined from inception to October 2021. A total of 1,997 studies were identified in these databases, and. 33 studies were finally included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis. Raw means and standard deviations were used for continuous outcomes. Publication bias was examined by Egger's Regression Test for Funnel Plot Asymmetry and the quality assessment tools from the National Institutes of Health.
RESULTS
CS significantly improves general cognitive functioning (mean difference=MD = 1.536, 95%CI, 0.832 to 2.240), memory (MD = 0.365, 95%CI, 0.300 to 0.430), orientation (MD = 0.428, 95%CI, 0.306 to 0.550), praxis (MD = 0.278, 95%CI, 0.094 to 0.462) and calculation (MD = 0.228, 95%CI, 0.112 to 0.343).
CONCLUSION
CS seems to increase general cognitive functioning, memory, orientation, praxis, and calculation in older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Dementia; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Healthy Volunteers
PubMed: 36116285
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104807 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... May 2023Giant cell tumors (GTC) of bone are benign, locally aggressive tumors generally occurring in young people with a female predominance during reproductive age. Considering... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Giant cell tumors (GTC) of bone are benign, locally aggressive tumors generally occurring in young people with a female predominance during reproductive age. Considering their worsening during pregnancy it has been suggested that pregnancy can accelerate GCT progression or favor recurrence but correlation between tumor growth and pregnancy has not yet been clarified. Aim of this study was to clarify clinical characteristics, timing and type of treatment through a literature review on GTCs occurring during pregnancy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
An electronic search was performed in December 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Register using the keywords "giant cell tumor" AND "pregnancy" looking for papers reporting cases of giant cell tumors of the bone onset or recurred during pregnancy. The electronic search identified 212 papers; sixteen studies were selected, for a total of 32 cases.
RESULTS
The diagnosis was made during pregnancy in 24 cases and after the partum in 8 cases. 27 cases were new diagnoses while 5 cases were recurrences. Pulmonary metastases were reported in 3 patients. The treatment was performed during the pregnancy in 7 out of 32 cases; in the remaining 27 cases treatment was performed after delivery. The hormone receptor status was reported in 14 patients. Data regarding follow-up was reported for 26 out of 32 patients; three patients had local recurrences that were treated with wide resection and amputation in 2 and 1 case, respectively; at the last follow-up all patients were apparently without any evidence of disease except for three patients who had stable lung metastases.
DISCUSSION
In case of GCT during pregnancy, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to offer the patients the best treatment in terms of mother and child's health. A correct diagnosis is necessary and not confusing tumor symptoms with ones of pregnancy is mandatory in order not to delay the diagnosis and let the tumor progress. Actually, even though pregnancy would seem to promote GCT growth and aggressiveness, the relationship is not clear. More studies are necessary to clarify this interesting aspect.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV, systematic review.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Adolescent; Male; Bone Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone; Bone and Bones; Amputation, Surgical; Giant Cells; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 36087835
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103396 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Aug 2022Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease. Although great progress has been made in its diagnosis and treatment in recent years, its mortality rate... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease. Although great progress has been made in its diagnosis and treatment in recent years, its mortality rate is still very significant. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of PAH are complex and involve endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, pulmonary arteriole occlusion, antiapoptosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling. These factors will accelerate the progression of the disease, leading to poor prognosis. Therefore, accurate etiological diagnosis, treatment and prognosis judgment are particularly important. Here, we systematically review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, genetics, prognosis and treatment of PAH.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Pulmonary Artery
PubMed: 36038916
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-01947-y -
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 2022Cabozantinib monotherapy is approved for the treatment of several types of solid tumors. Investigation into the use of cabozantinib combined with other therapies is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cabozantinib monotherapy is approved for the treatment of several types of solid tumors. Investigation into the use of cabozantinib combined with other therapies is increasing. To understand the evidence in this area, we performed a systematic review of cabozantinib combination therapy for the treatment of solid tumors in adults.
METHODS
This study was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020144680). On 9 October 2020, we searched for clinical trials and observational studies of cabozantinib as part of a combination therapy for solid tumors using Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases, and by screening relevant congress abstracts. Eligible studies reported clinical or safety outcomes, or biomarker data. Randomized and observational studies with a sample size of fewer than 25 and studies of cabozantinib monotherapy were excluded. For each study, quality was assessed using National Institute for Health and Care Excellence methodology, and the study characteristics were described qualitatively. This study was funded by Ipsen.
RESULTS
Of 2421 citations identified, 32 articles were included (6 with results from randomized studies, 24 with results from non-randomized phase I or II studies, and 2 with results from both). The most commonly studied tumor types were metastatic urothelial carcinoma/genitourinary tumors and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Findings from randomized studies suggested that cabozantinib combined with other therapies may lead to better progression-free survival than some current standards of care in renal cell carcinoma, CRPC, and non-small-cell lung cancer. The most common adverse events were hypertension, diarrhea, and fatigue.
CONCLUSION
This review demonstrates the promising efficacy outcomes of cabozantinib combined with other therapies, and a safety profile similar to cabozantinib alone. However, the findings are limited by the fact that most of the identified studies were reported as congress abstracts only. More evidence from randomized trials is needed to explore cabozantinib as a combination therapy further.
PubMed: 35923927
DOI: 10.1177/17588359221108691 -
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 2022Cabozantinib is approved, in various settings, for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it has been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cabozantinib is approved, in various settings, for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it has been investigated for the treatment of other cancers. With the available evidence and the real-world performance of cabozantinib compared with clinical trial data, we performed a systematic review of cabozantinib monotherapy as treatment for solid tumors in adults.
METHODS
This study was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020144680). We searched for clinical and observational studies of cabozantinib monotherapy for solid tumors using Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases (October 2020), and screened relevant congress abstracts. Eligible studies reported clinical or safety outcomes, or biomarker data. Small studies ( < 25) and studies of cabozantinib combination therapies were excluded. Quality was assessed using National Institute for Health and Care Excellence methodology, and study characteristics were described qualitatively.
RESULTS
Of 2888 citations, 114 were included (52 randomized studies, 29 observational studies, 32 nonrandomized phase I or II studies or pilot trials, and 1 analysis of data from a randomized study and a nonrandomized study). Beyond approved indications, other tumors studied were castration-resistant prostate cancer, urothelial carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, uveal melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, cholangiocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, colorectal cancer, salivary gland cancer, carcinoid and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers. The most common adverse events were hypertension, diarrhea, and fatigue.
CONCLUSION
The identified evidence demonstrates the positive efficacy/effectiveness of cabozantinib monotherapy in various solid tumor types, with safety findings being consistent with those observed with other VEGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors. When available, real-world findings were consistent with the data reported from clinical trials. A limitation of this review is the high proportion of abstracts; however, this allowed us to capture the most up-to-date findings.
PubMed: 35847482
DOI: 10.1177/17588359221107112 -
European Neuropsychopharmacology : the... Aug 2022Schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are major mental disorders that affect a significant proportion of the global population....
Schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are major mental disorders that affect a significant proportion of the global population. Advancing our knowledge of the pathophysiology of these disorders and identifying biomarkers are urgent needs for developing objective diagnostic tests and new therapeutics. In this study, we performed a systematic review and then extracted, curated, and analyzed proteomics data from published studies, aiming to assess the proteome in peripheral blood of individuals with SZ, BD, or MDD. Then, we performed pathway and network analyses to illuminate the biological themes concatenated by the differentially expressed proteins by systematically interrogating the literature to uncover biological pathways with more robust biological meaning. We identified 486 differentially expressed proteins from 51 studies across the three disorders with 9,423 participants. The great majority of pathways were common to SZ, BD, and MDD. They were related to the immune system, including signaling by interleukins, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and complement cascade, and to signal transduction, notably MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling, PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway, Focal Adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling, rhodopsin-like receptors, GPCR signaling, and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Other shared pathways included advanced glycosylation end-product receptor signaling, Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor, cholesterol metabolism, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Pathways shared between SZ and BD were integrin cell-surface interactions, GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins, and syndecan interactions. Shared between BD and MDD were the NRF2 pathway and signaling by EGFR pathways. Our findings advance our understanding of the protein variations and associations with these disorders, which are useful for accelerating biomarker development and drug discovery.
Topics: Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Discovery; Humans; Mental Disorders; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proteome; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
PubMed: 35763977
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.06.001 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2022Development of effective treatments requires understanding of disease mechanisms. For diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS),...
Development of effective treatments requires understanding of disease mechanisms. For diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS), human pathology studies and animal models tend to identify candidate disease mechanisms. However, these studies cannot easily link the identified processes to clinical outcomes, such as MS severity, required for causality assessment of candidate mechanisms. Technological advances now allow the generation of thousands of biomarkers in living human subjects, derived from genes, transcripts, medical images, and proteins or metabolites in biological fluids. These biomarkers can be assembled into computational models of clinical value, provided such models are generalizable. Reproducibility of models increases with the technical rigor of the study design, such as blinding, control implementation, the use of large cohorts that encompass the entire spectrum of disease phenotypes and, most importantly, model validation in independent cohort(s). To facilitate the growth of this important research area, we performed a meta-analysis of publications ( = 302) that model MS clinical outcomes extracting effect sizes, while also scoring the technical quality of the study design using predefined criteria. Finally, we generated a Shiny-App-based website that allows dynamic exploration of the data by selective filtering. On average, the published studies fulfilled only one of the seven criteria of study design rigor. Only 15.2% of the studies used any validation strategy, and only 8% used the gold standard of independent cohort validation. Many studies also used small cohorts, e.g., for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and blood biomarker predictors, the median sample size was <100 subjects. We observed inverse relationships between reported effect sizes and the number of study design criteria fulfilled, expanding analogous reports from non-MS fields, that studies that fail to limit bias overestimate effect sizes. In conclusion, the presented meta-analysis represents a useful tool for researchers, reviewers, and funders to improve the design of future modeling studies in MS and to easily compare new studies with the published literature. We expect that this will accelerate research in this important area, leading to the development of robust models with proven clinical value.
PubMed: 35720098
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.884089