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European Review For Medical and... Sep 2022Achromobacter spp. are aerobic, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli that can be widely found in aquatic environments. Nosocomial outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks of...
OBJECTIVE
Achromobacter spp. are aerobic, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli that can be widely found in aquatic environments. Nosocomial outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks of Achromobacter spp. bacteremia have been recognized for decades. Notably, commonly used germicides in hospital settings constitute important sources for these outbreaks. This review aims at summarizing the latest studies and presents the characteristics of nosocomial outbreaks of Achromobacter spp. bacteremia caused by germicide contamination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted for articles published in English between January 1, 2000, and June 10, 2022.
RESULTS
Overall, 170 articles were retrieved, and 7 studies were finally included in the systematic review. Whether true or pseudo-bacteremia, positive blood culture results were most commonly reported in immunosuppressed patients or those with indwelling catheters. The most commonly reported contaminated germicide was chlorhexidine solution used as both an antiseptic and disinfectant. Atomizers, dispensers, and various product containers were identified as reservoirs. The prognoses of the affected patients were generally favorable.
CONCLUSIONS
Awareness about the high survival ability of Achromobacter spp. in germicides and the possible hospital reservoirs of these microbes will help to improve infection control and prevent nosocomial outbreaks or pseudo-outbreaks caused by Achromobacter spp.
Topics: Achromobacter; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteremia; Chlorhexidine; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Disinfectants; Hospitals; Humans
PubMed: 36111940
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29664 -
Microorganisms Nov 2021species are isolated from rare but severe healthcare-associated infections, including surgical site infections. They are considered to preferentially infect... (Review)
Review
species are isolated from rare but severe healthcare-associated infections, including surgical site infections. They are considered to preferentially infect immunocompromised patients but so far with limited evidence. We conducted a systematic review on spp. surgical site infections (SSIs) to determine if such infections were indeed more commonly associated with immunocompromised patients. The secondary objective was to describe the characteristics of infected patients. Eligible articles had to be published before 30 September 2020 and to report spp. SSIs across all surgical specialties excluding ophthalmology. Analyses were performed on individual data without meta-analysis. Cases were divided into 2 subgroups: one group which had either prosthesis or implant and the other group which did not. A first selection led to a review of 94 articles, of which 37 were analyzed. All were case reports or case series and corresponded to 49 infected patients. Most of the patients were under 65 years of age and had undergone a heart or digestive surgery followed by deep infection with no co-infecting pathogens. Nine out of the 49 cases were immunocompromised, with similar distribution between the two subgroups (16.6% and 20%, respectively). This review suggests that spp. SSIs do not preferentially target immunocompromised patients.
PubMed: 34946073
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122471