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Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (Exe) have been evaluated in several studies for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to weight loss. However,...
Effects of intermittent fasting combined with exercise on serum leptin and adiponectin in adults with or without obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
CONTEXT
Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (Exe) have been evaluated in several studies for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to weight loss. However, further investigation is required to understand the potential effects on leptin and adiponectin concentrations. IF protocols have been shown to be efficient in improving adipokines, but further research is required to determine whether or not IF regimens combined with Exe are superior to Exe alone.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether or not interventions combining IF plus Exe are more effective than Exe only for improving serum leptin and adiponectin in adults with and without obesity.
DATA EXTRACTION
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to August 2023 for randomized clinical trials that determined the effects of IF plus Exe vs. Exe alone (control) on body weight, serum leptin, and serum adiponectin. Analyses were conducted for IF plus Exe vs. Exe alone to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) and standardized mean differences (SMD).
ANALYSIS
The current meta-analysis included 6 studies with a total sample of 153 participants, with intervention durations ranging from three days to 52 weeks. IF plus Exe elicited significantly larger decreases in leptin levels [SMD = -0.47, = 0.03], which were accompanied by weight loss [WMD = -1.25 kg, = 0.05], as compared with exercise-only interventions, but adiponectin did not differ between the two [SMD = 0.02, = 0.9].
CONCLUSION
IF combined with Exe reduced leptin significantly, but did not change adiponectin levels, when compared to exercise only. Perhaps these reductions in leptin levels may have been associated with weight loss; however, due to the small number of included studies and the high heterogeneity in the weight loss outcomes, this result is uncertain.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023460735.
PubMed: 38933888
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1362731 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Jun 2024Breast cancer survivors with obesity are at a high risk of cancer recurrence, comorbidity, and mortality. This review aims to systematically evaluate the effects of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Improves Body Composition, Alters Cardiometabolic Risk, and Ameliorates Cancer-Related Indicators in Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors with Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Breast cancer survivors with obesity are at a high risk of cancer recurrence, comorbidity, and mortality. This review aims to systematically evaluate the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on body composition, lipid homeostasis, inflammation, adipokines, cancer-related fatigue, sleep, and quality of life in breast cancer patients and survivors with overweight/obesity. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases from inception up to January 8, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for the analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the quality of evidence. A random-effects model was used, and data were analyzed using mean (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We assessed the data for risk of bias, heterogeneity, sensitivity, reporting bias, and quality of evidence. A total of 17 randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review involving 1,148 female patients and survivors (mean age: 54.0 ± 3.4 years). The primary outcomes showed significant improvements in body mass index (SMD -0.57 kg/m, = 0.04), body fat (SMD -0.50%, = 0.02), fat mass (SMD -0.63 kg, = 0.04), hip circumference (MD -3.14 cm, = 0.02), and fat-free mass (SMD 1.03 kg, < 0.001). The secondary outcomes indicated significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD -0.05 mmol/L, = 0.008), natural killer cells (SMD 0.42%, = 0.04), reductions in triglycerides (MD -81.90 mg/dL, < 0.01), total cholesterol (SMD -0.95 mmol/L, < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor α (SMD -0.89 pg/mL, = 0.03), and leptin (SMD -0.63 ng/mL, = 0.03). Also, beneficial alterations were found in cancer-related fatigue (SMD -0.98, = 0.03), sleep (SMD -1.17, < 0.001), and quality of life (SMD 2.94, = 0.02) scores. There was very low to low confidence in the estimated effect of most of the outcomes. The present findings reveal that CART could be considered an adjunct therapy in supporting the conventional clinical approach observed following exercise. However, further high-quality research is needed to evaluate whether CART would be a valuable intervention to lower aggressive pharmacologic use in breast cancer patients with overweight/obesity.
Topics: Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Resistance Training; Cancer Survivors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Body Composition; Obesity; Quality of Life; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Adipokines; Exercise; Fatigue; Sleep; Overweight
PubMed: 38841642
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.366 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Apr 2024The relationship between several adipokines and COVID-19 severity has lately been evaluated, results being inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between several adipokines and COVID-19 severity has lately been evaluated, results being inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between adipokines in COVID-19 and its severity.
METHODS
A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using predefined keywords. The Newcastle of Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for the quality assessment of included studies. The main summary outcome was the mean difference (MD) in adipokine levels.
RESULTS
A total of 8 studies involving 473 individuals were included. A significant MD in serum adiponectin levels was demonstrated in mild vs. severe COVID-19 patients (-5.734 [95% CI -11.215 - -0.252]), with no significant MD in mild vs. moderate (-7.117 [95% CI -19.546 - 5.313]), or moderate vs. severe COVID-19 (-1.846 [95% CI -4.516 - 0.824]). Moreover, no significant MD was found in adiponectin and leptin levels when comparing COVID-19 patients vs. controls (-12.675 [95% CI -36.159 - 10.808]) and (8.034 [95% CI -10.403 - 26.471]), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Adiponectin levels were significantly increased in patients with severe compared to mild COVID-19. However, no significant MD was found in adiponectin levels in mild vs. moderate and moderate vs. severe COVID-19 patients, nor in adiponectin and leptin levels in COVID-19 patients vs. controls.
PubMed: 38746027
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2624 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body... (Review)
Review
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Obesity; Adipose Tissue; Adipokines; MicroRNAs; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Inflammation Mediators; Energy Metabolism
PubMed: 38731880
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659 -
PeerJ 2024Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection in the periodontal support tissue. Visfatin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection in the periodontal support tissue. Visfatin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes and macrophages, plays an important role in immune regulation and defense. Although studies have indicated that patients with periodontitis have significantly high serum and gingival crevicular fluid levels of visfatin, the relationship between this adipocytokine and periodontal disease remains unclear.
AIM
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between visfatin levels and periodontitis.
METHODS
The PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Wiley Online Library databases were searched for potential studies, using "periodontitis" and "visfatin" as the keywords in the title and abstract search fields. Standardized mean difference (SMD) values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined from the results of this meta-analysis.
RESULTS
In total, 22 articles involving 456 patients with periodontitis and 394 healthy individuals (controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Visfatin levels were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis than in the healthy individuals (SMD: 3.82, 95% CI [3.01-4.63]). Moreover, the visfatin levels were significantly lowered after periodontitis treatment (SMD: -2.29, 95% CI [-3.33 to -1.26]).
CONCLUSION
This first-ever meta-analysis comparing visfatin levels between patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals suggests that this adipocytokine can be a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Case-Control Studies; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis
PubMed: 38560458
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17187 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent condition where diabetes is diagnosed during pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal outcomes. Retinol-binding... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent condition where diabetes is diagnosed during pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal outcomes. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a circulating adipokine which belongs to the lipocalin family and acts as a specific carrier protein that delivers retinol (vitamin A) from the liver to the peripheral tissues. Growing data indicate that circulating RBP4 levels may positively correlate with GDM. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the potential relationship between circulating RBP4 levels and GDM when measured at various stages of pregnancy.
METHODS
MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMCARE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies comparing pregnant women with and without GDM, whose circulating RBP4 levels were measured in at least one pregnancy trimester. Findings were reported using standardized mean difference (SMD) and random-effects models were used to account for variability among studies. Furthermore, the risk of bias was assessed using the RoBANS tool.
RESULTS
Out of the 34 studies identified, 32 were included in the meta-analysis (seven with circulating RBP4 levels measured in the first trimester, 19 at 24-28 weeks, and 14 at >28 weeks of pregnancy). RBP4 levels were statistically higher in the GDM group than in controls when measured during all these pregnancy stages, with the noted RBP4 SMD being 0.322 in the first trimester (95% CI: 0.126-0.517; < 0.001; 946 GDM cases vs. 1701 non-GDM controls); 0.628 at 24-28 weeks of gestation (95% CI: 0.290-0.966; < 0.001; 1776 GDM cases vs. 1942 controls); and 0.875 at >28 weeks of gestation (95% CI: 0.252-1.498; = 0.006; 870 GDM cases vs. 1942 non-GDM controls). Significant study heterogeneity was noted for all three pregnancy timepoints.
CONCLUSION
The present findings indicate consistently higher circulating RBP4 levels in GDM cases compared to non-GDM controls, suggesting the potential relevance of RBP4 as a biomarker for GDM. However, the documented substantial study heterogeneity, alongside imprecision in effect estimates, underscores the need for further research and standardization of measurement methods to elucidate whether RBP4 can be utilized in clinical practice as a potential GDM biomarker.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42022340097: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022340097).
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Prenatal Care; Biomarkers; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma
PubMed: 38532976
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1348970 -
BMC Gastroenterology Mar 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic relapsing-remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic relapsing-remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract with rising incidence. Studies have shown that adipocytes play a crucial role in patients with IBD by actively participating in systemic immune responses. The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between the circulatory levels of resistin, as an adipokine, and active and remission phases of IBD in comparison with healthy controls.
METHODS
Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, and Scopus from inception until June 2023. Estimation of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for comparison of plasma/serum resistin levels between IBD patients, patients in remission, and healthy controls were conducted through random-effect meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies were included, assessing 1836 cases. Meta-analysis indicated that generally, serum/plasma resistin levels were higher in IBD patients in comparison with healthy controls (SMD 1.33, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.08, p-value < 0.01). This was true for each of the UC and CD separate analyses, as well. Moreover, it was shown that higher serum/plasma resistin levels were detected in the active phase of IBD than in the remission phase (SMD 1.04, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.42, p-value = 0.01). Finally, higher serum/plasma resistin levels were found in the remission phase compared to healthy controls (SMD 0.60, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.06, p-value < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the conclusion that circulating resistin levels are increased in IBD (both UC and CD). Also, higher resistin levels were recorded in the remission phase of IBD in comparison with healthy controls. This indicates that further studies may provide valuable insights into the role of resistin in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Topics: Humans; Resistin; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease
PubMed: 38486190
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03199-7 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Intelectin-1 (ITLN1) is an adipokine with multiple physiological functions, including a role in tumour formation and development. Previous research reported variable...
BACKGROUND
Intelectin-1 (ITLN1) is an adipokine with multiple physiological functions, including a role in tumour formation and development. Previous research reported variable ITLN1 levels for cancer patients and healthy individuals. This study aimed to compare ITLN1 concentrations between controls and cancer patients and to determine the adipokine's physiological level.
METHODS
Five databases were searched in January 2022 for studies that measured the level of ITLN1 in adults that were healthy or diagnosed with any type of cancer. After title, abstract and full-text screening, the methodological quality of the studies was assessed. The extracted data were meta-analysed using the R language and Bayesian statistical techniques.
RESULTS
Overall, 15 studies compared circulating ITLN1 levels between healthy individuals (n=3424) and cancer patients (n=1538), but no differences were observed between these studies. ITLN1 was not different between groups in an analysis that evaluated high-quality studies only (n=5). The meta-analysis indicated considerably higher ITLN1 levels in gastrointestinal (i.e., colorectal, pancreatic, gastric) cancer compared to controls, while the other cancer types did not demonstrate differences between groups. The mean ITLN1 level of healthy individuals was 234 ± 21ng/ml (n=136), while the average value in high-quality studies (n=52) was 257 ± 31ng/ml.
CONCLUSION
Different types of cancer showed different circulating ITLN1 patterns. Circulating ITLN1 concentration was higher in gastrointestinal cancer compared to controls, with strong support from the meta-analytical model. Our analysis also determined the mean ITLN1 level in healthy individuals; this is a crucial starting point for understanding how this cytokine associates with diseases. Two-thirds of the studies were of low methodological quality and thus, future work in this field must focus on improved methods.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=303406, identifier CRD42022303406.
PubMed: 38482202
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1198555 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Mar 2024Prior studies reported that elevated asprosin level was associated with obesity in adults and animal models. However, the relationship between asprosin level and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Prior studies reported that elevated asprosin level was associated with obesity in adults and animal models. However, the relationship between asprosin level and children with obeisty remains controversial. The aim of our analysis was to systematically review available literatures linking asprosin and children with obesity for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between circulating asprosin level and obesity in children.
METHODS
Eight databases were gleaned for studies published up to January 2024. Standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) and Fisher's Z transformation was calculated to evaluate the relationship between asprosin level and children with obesity using the Review Manager 5.4 Software. Other indicators were measured via mean difference with 95% CI.
RESULTS
Six observational studies were included both in systematic review and meta-analysis. The current evidence indicated that no significant difference was observed in the level of circulating asprosin between the children with and without obesity (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI:-0.22-0.95, p = 0.22). However, Fisher's Z transformation suggested the positive association of circulating asprosin levels and clinical index measuring the degree of obesity: total cholesterol (Fisher's Z: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.20, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Circulating asprosin level was not independently related to childhood obesity currently. More rigorous longitudinal researches were required to disentangle the causations. However, the positive association of asprosin levels and total cholesterol indicated that asprosin might get involved in the lipid-metabolism of childhood obesity, asprosin might be a prospective bio-index and targeted treatment of total cholesterol metabolism besides the role of glucogenic and orexigenic.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Prospero ID: CRD42023426476.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Child; Humans; Cholesterol; Fibrillin-1; Glucose; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38475734
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01565-w -
Lipids in Health and Disease Feb 2024Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is widespread in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, and its treatment options are currently limited. Adiponectin... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is widespread in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, and its treatment options are currently limited. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocytokine with cardioprotective properties; however, the mechanisms of APN in MIRI are unclear. Therefore, based on preclinical (animal model) evidence, the cardioprotective effects of APN and the underlying mechanisms were explored.
METHODS
The literature was searched for the protective effect of APN on MIRI in six databases until 16 November 2023, and data were extracted according to selection criteria. The outcomes were the size of the myocardial necrosis area and hemodynamics. Markers of oxidation, apoptosis, and inflammation were secondary outcome indicators. The quality evaluation was performed using the animal study evaluation scale recommended by the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation statement. Stata/MP 14.0 software was used for the summary analysis.
RESULTS
In total, 20 papers with 426 animals were included in this study. The pooled analysis revealed that APN significantly reduced myocardial infarct size [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 16.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.18 to 20.16, P < 0.001)] and improved hemodynamics compared to the MIRI group [Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure: WMD = 5.96 (95% CI = 4.23 to 7.70, P < 0.001); + dP/dtmax: WMD = 1393.59 (95% CI = 972.57 to 1814.60, P < 0.001); -dP/dtmax: WMD = 850.06 (95% CI = 541.22 to 1158.90, P < 0.001); Left ventricular ejection fraction: WMD = 9.96 (95% CI = 7.29 to 12.63, P < 0.001)]. Apoptosis indicators [caspase-3: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 3.86 (95% CI = 2.97 to 4.76, P < 0.001); TUNEL-positive cells: WMD = 13.10 (95% CI = 8.15 to 18.05, P < 0.001)], inflammatory factor levels [TNF-α: SMD = 4.23 (95% CI = 2.48 to 5.98, P < 0.001)], oxidative stress indicators [Superoxide production: SMD = 4.53 (95% CI = 2.39 to 6.67, P < 0.001)], and lactate dehydrogenase levels [SMD = 2.82 (95% CI = 1.60 to 4.04, P < 0.001)] were significantly reduced. However, the superoxide dismutase content was significantly increased [SMD = 1.91 (95% CI = 1.17 to 2.65, P < 0.001)].
CONCLUSION
APN protects against MIRI via anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects, and this effect is achieved by activating different signaling pathways.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Adiponectin; Myocardial Infarction; Signal Transduction; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38368320
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02028-w