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Perspectives in Health Information... 2023The objective of the study is to identify challenges and associated factors for privacy and security related to telehealth visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The...
The objective of the study is to identify challenges and associated factors for privacy and security related to telehealth visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The systematic search strategy used the databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Embase, CINAHL, and COCHRANE, with the search terms of telehealth/telemedicine, privacy, security, and confidentiality. Reviews included peer-reviewed empirical studies conducted from January 2020 to February 2022. Studies conducted outside of the US, non-empirical, and non-telehealth related were excluded. Eighteen studies were included in the final analysis. Three risk factors associated with privacy and security in telehealth practice included: environmental factors (lack of private space for vulnerable populations, difficulty sharing sensitive health information remotely), technology factors (data security issues, limited access to the internet, and technology), and operational factors (reimbursement, payer denials, technology accessibility, training, and education). Findings from this study can assist governments, policymakers, and healthcare organizations in developing best practices in telehealth privacy and security strategies.
Topics: Humans; Privacy; Pandemics; COVID-19; Confidentiality; Risk Factors; Telemedicine
PubMed: 37215337
DOI: No ID Found -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Software-defined networking (SDN) is a revolutionary innovation in network technology with many desirable features, including flexibility and manageability. Despite... (Review)
Review
Software-defined networking (SDN) is a revolutionary innovation in network technology with many desirable features, including flexibility and manageability. Despite those advantages, SDN is vulnerable to distributed denial of service (DDoS), which constitutes a significant threat due to its impact on the SDN network. Despite many security approaches to detect DDoS attacks, it remains an open research challenge. Therefore, this study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) to systematically investigate and critically analyze the existing DDoS attack approaches based on machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), or hybrid approaches published between 2014 and 2022. We followed a predefined SLR protocol in two stages on eight online databases to comprehensively cover relevant studies. The two stages involve automatic and manual searching, resulting in 70 studies being identified as definitive primary studies. The trend indicates that the number of studies on SDN DDoS attacks has increased dramatically in the last few years. The analysis showed that the existing detection approaches primarily utilize ensemble, hybrid, and single ML-DL. Private synthetic datasets, followed by unrealistic datasets, are the most frequently used to evaluate those approaches. In addition, the review argues that the limited literature studies demand additional focus on resolving the remaining challenges and open issues stated in this SLR.
PubMed: 37177643
DOI: 10.3390/s23094441 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Mar 2023The prevalence of drug use in Muslim communities is difficult to estimate due to religious, social, and cultural prohibition toward drug use. With Islam affecting all... (Review)
Review
Barriers and facilitators to accessing inpatient and community substance use treatment and harm reduction services for people who use drugs in the Muslim communities: A systematic narrative review of studies on the experiences of people who receive services and service providers.
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of drug use in Muslim communities is difficult to estimate due to religious, social, and cultural prohibition toward drug use. With Islam affecting all aspects of life in the Muslim world, people who use drugs do it clandestinely to avoid stigma and exclusion from the community, leading to a low number of them seeking treatment for their drug use. This review explored the barriers and facilitators to accessing inpatient and community substance use treatment and harm reduction services for people who use drugs in Muslim communities.
METHODS
This review was in accordance with PRISMA. Seven databases were systematically searched for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies conducted in countries where at least 70% of the population were Muslim or where data were presented separately for Muslim communities in other countries. Eligible articles were reviewed, and key qualitative themes were abstracted and compared across studies and settings.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies were included from Iran, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Egypt, Lebanon, and UAE. Two themes were identified: a psychosocial theme included denial of the problem severity, lack of trust in the treatment system, fear of breach in confidentiality and privacy, the need for community support, religion and women who use drugs. Additionally, an organizational theme included affordability, treatment Service characteristics, lack of Awareness, service providers' Attitudes, drug use registration and fear of legal consequences of drug use. Stigma was also identified as an over-arching theme. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the included studies with where 12 of the studies met all 5 the quality criteria. No studies were excluded for having lower quality scores.
CONCLUSION
This review reflected how diverse the Muslim world is in drug use. It is important to use mosques to raise awareness on people who use drugs and reduce stigma. Providing holistic services for people who use drugs specially women will improve their access to treatment and harm reduction services in the Muslim world.
Topics: Humans; Female; Islam; Harm Reduction; Inpatients; Substance-Related Disorders; Social Stigma; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 36805826
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109790 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Receiving a child's autism diagnosis can be stressful; as such, parent resolution contributes to the wellbeing and development of healthy parent-child relationships. In...
BACKGROUND
Receiving a child's autism diagnosis can be stressful; as such, parent resolution contributes to the wellbeing and development of healthy parent-child relationships. In other significant childhood diagnoses (e.g., cerebral palsy, diabetes), the degree to which parents adjust to (a) their child's diagnosis and (b) their changes in expectations concerning their child's development and capacity (referred to as resolution to diagnosis), has been associated with improved outcomes including facilitating parent-child relationships and improved parental wellbeing. Given potential benefits to parent and child, and the heterogenous nature of autism, examining the unique factors associated with resolution to diagnosis is important. In this systematic review we identified factors that support or inhibit parental resolution to their child receiving a diagnosis of autism.
METHODS
We completed a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of peer-reviewed studies from 2017 to 2022, that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis. Papers including "acceptance" needed to encompass both accepting the diagnosis and the implications regarding the child's abilities. We searched six databases (Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest), with additional papers located following review of reference lists.
RESULTS
Fourteen papers with 592 participants that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis, were included. We identified six common factors that facilitate or inhibit parental resolution and acceptance of an autism diagnosis including: symptom severity; religion, belief, and culture; knowledge and uncertainty; negative emotions (i.e., denial, shame, guilt); positive emotions; and support. Greater resolution was associated with improved "attunement and insightfulness" in the parent-child relationship.
LIMITATION
The review was limited by the small number of studies meeting inclusion criteria. Second, the quality of included studies was mixed, with over half of the studies being qualitative and only one randomized control trial (RCT) identified.
CONCLUSION
Parental resolution can have an impact on parent's perception of their child's capabilities and impact the parent-child relationship. We identified six categories that aid in inhibiting or promoting resolution to diagnosis. Despite taking a broad approach on the definition of resolution, the low number of studies identified in the review indicates a need for more research in this area.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, PROSPERO [ID: CRD42022336283].
PubMed: 36683975
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1079371 -
BMC Palliative Care Nov 2022Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a cancer death is a major risk factor for pathological bereavement. This systematic review of the literature...
BACKGROUND
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a cancer death is a major risk factor for pathological bereavement. This systematic review of the literature aimed to identify biopsychosocial and existential determinants specific to the palliative phase of cancer that influence the grieving experience of the caregiving relative.
METHOD
A systematic review of the literature was conducted without language or time restrictions. The Cairn, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycArticle, PsychInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases were explored. All studies assessing pre- and post-death measures and focusing on friends and relatives caring for adults with cancer in palliative care services were included in the review.
RESULTS
Out of 645 articles identified, 18 full text studies were finally included in our systematic review of the literature. Many factors specific to the cancer palliative phase were identified as influencing the bereavement experience of caregivers, with factors relating to: 1) the caregiver (e.g. social support, psychological burden, preparation for loss, action and discussion related to death); 2) the patient (e.g. denial or acceptance); 3) the interactions between patient and their caregivers (e.g. tensions, communication difficulties, and presence at the time of death); and 4) the end-of-life context. The caregiver's grief experience can be described by the following terms: typical and pathological grief, anxiety, depression, guilt, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth, and life satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS
Many contextual, sociodemographic, dispositional and transactional factors specific to the palliative cancer phase are involved in the caregiver's grieving experience. Avenues for reflection and recommendations are proposed including supporting communication and patient-relative relationships, evaluating the nature and degree of functionality of coping strategies, strengthening the robustness of methodologies, considering impact of COVID-19, and new lines of enquiry for research.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Palliative Care; COVID-19; Bereavement; Grief; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36451118
DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01096-y -
Nursing Open Feb 2023The aim of this meta-synthesis was to identify and synthesize qualitative research evaluating the real feelings, inner needs and emotional experience of women undergoing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
The aim of this meta-synthesis was to identify and synthesize qualitative research evaluating the real feelings, inner needs and emotional experience of women undergoing hysterectomy.
DESIGN
Meta-synthesis.
METHODS
The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, Ovid Medline and Sino Med were systematically searched until November 2021 and updated until June 2022. Two reviewers independently extracted data into a Microsoft Excel sheet. Qualitative meta-synthesis was performed by coding relevant citations, organizing codes into descriptive themes and developing analytical themes.
RESULTS
Qualitative meta-synthesis yielded three themes and nine sub-themes: comprehensive consideration before hysterectomy (a. disease factors; b. fertility factors; c. opinions of others); emotions and experience after hysterectomy (a. postoperative physical condition; b. psychological resilience to the loss of the uterus; c. changes in the couple's relationship); coping strategies (a. self-denial and avoidance; b. change of perception and self-adjustment; c. seek help from others).
Topics: Female; Humans; Adaptation, Psychological; Hysterectomy; Qualitative Research; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 36071582
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1348 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Youth are increasingly aware of the negative effects of climate change on the planet and human health, but this knowledge can often come with significant affective...
BACKGROUND
Youth are increasingly aware of the negative effects of climate change on the planet and human health, but this knowledge can often come with significant affective responses, such as psychological distress, anger, or despair. Experiencing major "negative" emotions, like worry, guilt, and hopelessness in anticipation of climate change has been identified with the term eco-anxiety. Emerging literature focuses on adults' experience; however, little is known about the ways in which children and youth experience eco-anxiety.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this review was to: (1) identify the available evidence on the topic of eco-anxiety in children, (2) clarify the mental health consequences brought by the awareness of climate change in this population, and (3) identify knowledge gaps in the literature and considerations for future research.
METHODS
Given that the research on the topic of eco-anxiety in children is limited, that there are very few randomized controlled trials, and that the goal is not to analyze individual studies in-depth, a scoping review was used. Keywords pertaining to the themes of eco-anxiety, climate change and children (aged < 18 years) were used as search terms in five databases. Journal articles using qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as gray literature were examined by two independent reviewers. A descriptive-analytical method was used to chart the data that emerged from the literature. Eighteen articles were considered in the final analysis.
RESULTS
Evidence confirms that children experience affective responses and eco-anxiety in reaction to then awareness of climate change. Mental health outcomes include depression, anxiety, and extreme emotions like sadness, anger, and fear. Youth from vulnerable communities, like indigenous communities, or those who have strong ties to the land are often identified as being emotionally impacted by climate change. The literature analyzed also describes how children and youth are coping with eco-anxiety, including maladaptive (e.g., denial) and adaptive responses (such as constructive hope, used as a positive coping mechanism). Preliminary considerations for parents, teachers and educators, mental health care providers, school systems, adults and people of power include adding age-appropriate climate education to the school curriculum, considering youth's emotions, and promoting healthy coping through empowerment. Important gaps exist in the definition of eco-anxiety in youth, as various characterizations of this emerging concept are found across articles.
PubMed: 35959069
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872544 -
Schizophrenia Research Jun 2022For people with a psychotic disorder lack of insight can be detrimental on their condition and recovery. For this reason, insight has been considered as a target for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
For people with a psychotic disorder lack of insight can be detrimental on their condition and recovery. For this reason, insight has been considered as a target for therapy. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on pharmacological, psychological and other treatments to test the hypothesis that these interventions could improve insight.
METHODS
We performed a literature search (1970-2020) across the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Medline and Web of Science. Within each database the following search terms and the associated Boolean operatives were used: "Insight AND (treatment OR therapy) AND (psychosis OR schizophrenia) AND (awareness or denial)". Further filters were applied to identify peer reviewed controlled trials on adults. Following assessment for bias and inclusion criteria, we calculated the effect size (Cohen's d) for each study and overall, using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Of 94 articles found in the initial literature search, 30 studies that examined the treatment of insight in psychosis met the initial selection criteria and were assessed for bias. A total of 21 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The overall calculated mean effect size for all interventions was 0.441 (95% CI, 0.23-0.66), representing a medium effect size. The effect of psychoeducation studies alone was medium (0.613, 95% CI, -0.35-2.06), but not significant. The effect of CBT studies was small (0.235, 95% CI, 0.01-0.46), and significant. The effect of combined antipsychotic medication and psychosocial intervention was of medium size and significant (0.683, 95% CI = 0.54-0.83). Finally, tDCS over the left fronto-temporal cortex, produced a very large and significant improvement of insight 1.153 (95% CI = 0.61-1.70), which was present for at least a month after the intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the variation and small number and size of trials into possible interventions, the hypothesis that insight could be improved was confirmed. Whilst most research focuses on psychotherapies, there is scope and potential for pharmacological, as well as other interventions (e.g. physical exercise, self-video observation, Direct Current Stimulation) to improve insight over and above treatment as usual. Given the association of insight with illness severity and treatment adherence, it is important to direct efforts in therapies that target insight improvement in psychosis.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Humans; Psychotherapy; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 35661550
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.023 -
Health Services Research Aug 2022To examine the qualitative literature on low-income women's perspectives on the barriers to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the qualitative literature on low-income women's perspectives on the barriers to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care.
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING
We performed searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SocIndex, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed studies published between 1990 and 2021.
STUDY DESIGN
A systematic review of qualitative studies with participants who were currently pregnant or had delivered within the past 2 years and identified as low-income at delivery.
DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS
Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, evaluated study quality, and extracted information on study design and themes.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We identified 34 studies that met inclusion criteria, including 23 focused on prenatal care, 6 on postpartum care, and 5 on both. The most frequently mentioned barriers to prenatal and postpartum care were structural. These included delays in gaining pregnancy-related Medicaid coverage, challenges finding providers who would accept Medicaid, lack of provider continuity, transportation and childcare hurdles, and legal system concerns. Individual-level factors, such as lack of awareness of pregnancy, denial of pregnancy, limited support, conflicting priorities, and indifference to pregnancy, also interfered with the timely use of prenatal and postpartum care. For those who accessed care, experiences of dismissal, discrimination, and disrespect related to race, insurance status, age, substance use, and language were common.
CONCLUSIONS
Over a period of 30 years, qualitative studies have identified consistent structural and individual barriers to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care. Medicaid policy changes, including expanding presumptive eligibility, increased reimbursement rates for pregnancy services, payment for birth doula support, and extension of postpartum coverage, may help overcome these challenges.
Topics: Female; Humans; Insurance Coverage; Medicaid; Postnatal Care; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 35584267
DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14008 -
Soft Computing Jan 2022In today's world, technology has become an inevitable part of human life. In fact, during the Covid-19 pandemic, everything from the corporate world to educational...
In today's world, technology has become an inevitable part of human life. In fact, during the Covid-19 pandemic, everything from the corporate world to educational institutes has shifted from offline to online. It leads to exponential increase in intrusions and attacks over the Internet-based technologies. One of the lethal threat surfacing is the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack that can cripple down Internet-based services and applications in no time. The attackers are updating their skill strategies continuously and hence elude the existing detection mechanisms. Since the volume of data generated and stored has increased manifolds, the traditional detection mechanisms are not appropriate for detecting novel DDoS attacks. This paper systematically reviews the prominent literature specifically in deep learning to detect DDoS. The authors have explored four extensively used digital libraries (IEEE, ACM, ScienceDirect, Springer) and one scholarly search engine (Google scholar) for searching the recent literature. We have analyzed the relevant studies and the results of the SLR are categorized into five main research areas: (i) the different types of DDoS attack detection deep learning approaches, (ii) the methodologies, strengths, and weaknesses of existing deep learning approaches for DDoS attacks detection (iii) benchmarked datasets and classes of attacks in datasets used in the existing literature, and (iv) the preprocessing strategies, hyperparameter values, experimental setups, and performance metrics used in the existing literature (v) the research gaps, and future directions.
PubMed: 35103047
DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06608-1