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The Saudi Dental Journal Feb 2023The aim of this systematic review was to present the current knowledge on the influence of laser surface treatment on the adhesion of bacteria to titanium and its alloys. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review was to present the current knowledge on the influence of laser surface treatment on the adhesion of bacteria to titanium and its alloys.
DESIGN
This review was structured according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and -analyses, and registered on the Open Science Framework platform (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FTA3W). Article searches were performed in 4 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct. In addition, a manual search was performed in the reference lists of the selected articles. The selection of articles was performed by two reviewers. The articles found were screened for eligibility using the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Assessment Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies (non-randomized experimental studies).
RESULTS
Most of the studies evaluated showed that surface treatment by laser irradiation can affect the adhesion of bacteria to titanium surfaces and that this is directly related to changes in surface properties such as chemical composition, morphology, roughness, and wettability, as well as the type of bacterial species involved.
CONCLUSIONS
The studies considered in this systematic review have shown that surface treatment by laser irradiation is a promising technique to reduce the adhesion of bacteria on the surface of titanium implants.
PubMed: 36942202
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.01.004 -
Heliyon Mar 2023There is no consensus in the literature about the best non-cytotoxic antibacterial surface treatment for dental implants. Critically evaluate the existing literature and...
There is no consensus in the literature about the best non-cytotoxic antibacterial surface treatment for dental implants. Critically evaluate the existing literature and answer the question: "which surface treatment for dental implants made of titanium and its alloys has the greatest non-cytotoxic antibacterial activity for osteoblastic cells?" This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/8fq6p) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. The search strategy was applied to four databases. Articles were selected that evaluated in both studies the properties of 1) antibacterial activity and 2) cytotoxicity on osteoblastic cells of titanium and their alloy dental implants when treated superficially. Systematic reviews, book chapters, observational studies, case reports, articles that studied non-dental implants, and articles that evaluated only the development of surface treatment were excluded. The Joanna Briggs Institute, a quasi-experimental study assessment tool, was adapted to assess the risk of bias. The search strategy found 1178 articles in the databases after removing duplicates in EndNote Web, resulting in 1011 articles to be evaluated by title and abstract, of which 21 were selected for full reading, of which 12 were included by eligibility criteria, and nine were excluded. Quantitative synthesis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the data (surface treatment, antibacterial assay, bacteria strain, cell viability assay, and cell type). Risk of bias assessment showed that ten studies were classified as low risk and two studies as moderate risk. The evaluated literature allowed us to conclude that: 1) The literature surveyed did not allow answering the question due to the heterogeneity of the studies; 2) Ten of the 12 studies evaluated presented surface treatments with non-cytotoxic antibacterial activity; 3) Adding nanomaterials, QPEI, BG, and CS, reduce the chances of bacterial resistance by controlling their adhesion by electrical forces.
PubMed: 36895374
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13693 -
Heliyon Dec 2022Critically analyzed the existing literature to answer the question "What is the influence of roughness of surfaces for dental implants obtained by additive manufacturing...
OBJECTIVE
Critically analyzed the existing literature to answer the question "What is the influence of roughness of surfaces for dental implants obtained by additive manufacturing compared to machined on osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation?"
DESIGN
This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the Open Science Framework. The personalized search strategy was applied to Embase, Pub Med, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and Google Scholar and ProQuest grey literature. The selection process was carried out in two stages independently by two reviewers according to the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was analyzed using a checklist of important parameters to be considered.
RESULTS
When applying the search strategy on databases 223 articles were found, after removing the duplicates, 171 were analyzed by title and abstract of which 25 were selected for full reading, of these, 6 met the eligibility criteria. 2 studies were included from the reference list totaling 8 articles included in this systematic review and none were included from the Grey Literature. 7 had a low risk of bias and 1 moderate.
CONCLUSIONS
1) Roughness is a property that must be analyzed and correlated with the chemical composition, intrinsic to the alloy and resulting from the surface treatment; morphology of topographic peaks and valleys; printing technique and its parameters; 2) Need for more studies on the biomolecular level to elucidate the mechanism by which the roughness and the morphology of topographical peaks and valleys descriptive of roughness influence osteoblastic adhesion and proliferation.
PubMed: 36643331
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12505 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2022The aim of the study was to systematically review the overall outcomes of studies comparing the misfit of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) CAD-CAM implant-supported... (Review)
Review
The aim of the study was to systematically review the overall outcomes of studies comparing the misfit of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) CAD-CAM implant-supported frameworks with frameworks fabricated with other materials and techniques. An electronic literature search of English literature was performed using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and PubMed, using predetermined inclusion criteria. Specific terms were utilized in conducting a search from the inception of the respective database up to May 2022. After the search strategy was applied, the data were extracted and the results were analyzed. The focused question was: Is the misfit of the implant-supported zirconia CAD-CAM framework lower than that of non-Y-TZP implant-supported fixed restorations? Eleven articles were included for qualitative assessment and critical appraisal in this review. In the included studies, Y-TZP CAD-CAM implant-supported frameworks were compared to Titanium (Ti), Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, PEEK and high-density polymer, and cast and CAD-CAM frameworks. The studies used scanning electron microscopy, one-screw tests, digital or optical microscopy, 3D virtual assessment, and replica techniques for analyzing the misfit of frameworks. Six studies showed comparable misfits among the Y-TZP CAD-CAM frameworks and the controls. Three studies showed higher misfits for the Y-TZP CAD-CAM frameworks, whereas two studies reported lower misfits for Y-TZP CAD-CAM implant frameworks compared to controls. Y-TZP CAD-CAM implant-supported frameworks have comparable misfits to other implant-supported frameworks. However, due to heterogeneity in the methodologies of the included studies, the overall numerical misfit of the frameworks assessed in the reviewed studies is debatable.
Topics: Humans; Titanium; Zirconium; Computer-Aided Design; Polymers
PubMed: 36295507
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101347 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022Titanium and alloy osseointegrated implants are used to replace missing teeth; however, some fail and are removed. Modifications of the implant surface with biologically...
Titanium and alloy osseointegrated implants are used to replace missing teeth; however, some fail and are removed. Modifications of the implant surface with biologically active substances have been proposed. MEDLINE [via Pubmed], Embase and Web of Science were searched with the terms "titanium dental implants", "surface properties", "bioactive surface modifications", "biomolecules", "BMP", "antibacterial agent", "peptide", "collagen", "grown factor", "osseointegration", "bone apposition", "osteogenic", "osteogenesis", "new bone formation", "bone to implant contact", "bone regeneration" and " studies", until May 2022. A total of 10,697 references were iden-tified and 26 were included to analyze 1,109 implants, with follow-ups from 2 to 84 weeks. The ARRIVE guidelines and the SYRCLE tool were used to evaluate the methodology and scientific evidence. A meta-analysis was performed (RevMan 2020 software, Cochane Collaboration) with random effects that evaluated BIC at 4 weeks, with subgroups for the different coatings. The heterogeneity of the pooled studies was very high (95% CI, I2 = 99%). The subgroup of BMPs was the most favorable to coating. Surface modification of Ti implants by organic bioactive molecules seems to favor osseointegration in the early stages of healing, but long-term studies are necessary to corroborate the results of the experimental studies.
PubMed: 36225604
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.986112 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022The toxicological risk of Co-Cr dental alloys is actually a sensitive subject with the European regulatory changes, namely regulation (EU) 2017/745 and annex VI to the... (Review)
Review
The toxicological risk of Co-Cr dental alloys is actually a sensitive subject with the European regulatory changes, namely regulation (EU) 2017/745 and annex VI to the CLP regulation (EC) 1972/2008. : The objective of this review is to conduct a rigorous analysis of the cytocompatibility of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) dental alloys. Considering various parameters such as cytotoxicity, type IV hypersensitivity reaction, sensitization, and irritation, we investigated evidence of toxicity of Co-Cr in human dental applications. : Specific search strategies were performed in three electronic databases, namely , , and , using a main restriction in the search regarding the publication date (1995-2022). : Out of a total of 836 articles, only 21 studies were selected and analyzed according to PRISMA methodology. : Among them, 10 in vitro studies using human samples and 11 in vivo studies on human patients were distinguished. Most of the in vitro studies confirmed that Co-Cr alloys have a good cytocompatibility compared to Ni alloys. Regarding the in vivo studies, it appeared that Co-Cr could rarely cause sensitization, irritation, and allergic reactions. Reactions were mainly observed for people allergic to Co or Cr. Nevertheless, titanium-based materials showed better results. : This study proposes a new state of the art on Co-Cr dental alloys and will thus be very useful for carrying out additional studies. : This review will help practitioners in their daily clinical choice.
PubMed: 36079183
DOI: 10.3390/ma15175801 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022The objective of this work is to study galvanic corrosion of different couples of prosthetic and implant alloys through the realization of a systematic review. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The objective of this work is to study galvanic corrosion of different couples of prosthetic and implant alloys through the realization of a systematic review.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search was performed on Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EbscoHost, and Web of Science for published studies related to electrogalvanism in oral implantology. The keywords used were "dental implants" and "galvanic corrosion." Two independent readers read the scientific articles.
RESULTS
From 65 articles initially identified, only 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. The evaluation of the selected articles allowed us to determine the parameters compared, such as the resistance to galvanic corrosion, the influence of fluorine and pH on the electrochemical behavior, and the release of metal ions and their cytotoxicity. Indeed, Ti6Al4V and precious alloys coupled to titanium were found to be the most resistant to galvanic corrosion, followed by cobalt-chromium alloys and nickel-chromium alloys which were least resistant. This resistance decreases with increasing fluorine concentration and with decreasing pH of the environment. . The implant-prosthetic system's galvanic resistance is influenced by many intrinsic factors: alloy composition and surface condition, as well as extrinsic factors such as pH variations and amount of fluorine. The effects of oral electrogalvanism are essentially the result of two main criteria: effects due to electric currents generated by corrosion and effects due to the release of metal ions by corrosion.
CONCLUSION
To avoid this phenomenon, it is wise to follow the proposed recommendations such as the use of the minimum of distinct metals as much as possible, favoring the commercially pure titanium implant of Ti6Al4V, opting for the choice of couples, titanium/titanium, favoring daily mouthwashes of 227 ppm of fluoride, and avoiding fluorinated acid solutions.
PubMed: 36034476
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4575416 -
Spine Deformity Nov 2022To assess clinical and safety outcomes associated with different rod materials and diameters in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To assess clinical and safety outcomes associated with different rod materials and diameters in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.
METHODS
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluated ASD surgery using pedicle screw fixation systems with rods of different materials and sizes. Postoperative outcomes (i.e., Cobb, sagittal vertical axis, and pelvic tilt angle) and complications (i.e., pseudarthrosis and rod breakage) were assessed. Random effects models (REMs) pooled data for outcomes reported in ≥ 2 studies.
RESULTS
Among 50 studies evaluating ASD surgery using pedicle screw fixation systems, 17 described rod material/diameter. Postoperative outcomes did not statistically differ between cobalt-chromium (CoCr) vs. titanium (Ti) rods (n = 2 studies; mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] sagittal vertical axis angle: CoCr 37.00° [18.58°-55.42°] and Ti 32.58° [24.62°-40.54°]; mean [95% CI] pelvic tilt angle: CoCr 26.20° [22.87°-29.53°] and Ti 20.15° [18.0°-22.31°]). The pooled proportion (95% CI) of pseudarthrosis was 15% (7-22%) for CoCr and 12% (- 8-32%) for stainless steel (SS) (n = 2 studies each; Chi = 0.07, p = 0.79). The pooled proportion (95% CI) of broken rods was 12% (1-22%) for Ti (n = 3 studies) and 10% (2-19) for CoCr (n = 1 study). Among 6.0-6.35 mm rods, the pooled (95% CI) postoperative Cobb angle (n = 2) was 12.01° (9.75°-14.28°), sagittal vertical axis angle (n = 4) was 35.32° (30.02°-40.62°), and pelvic tilt angle was 21.11° (18.35°-23.86°).
CONCLUSIONS
For ASD patients undergoing posterior fixation and fusion, there are no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes or complications among rods of varying materials and diameters. Benchmark postsurgical outcomes and complication rates by rod material and diameter are provided.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Spinal Fusion; Stainless Steel; Titanium; Chromium Alloys; Pseudarthrosis; Cobalt; Chromium
PubMed: 35904725
DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00556-y -
The Saudi Dental Journal Jul 2022A critical analysis of the existing literature to answer "What is the influence of electrical charge of titanium alloys in the electrical interaction with osteoblastic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
A critical analysis of the existing literature to answer "What is the influence of electrical charge of titanium alloys in the electrical interaction with osteoblastic cells for osseointegration?".
DESIGN
This systematic review followed PRISMA. The personalized search strategy was applied in PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Scopus databases, furthermore, in the grey literature in the Google Scholar and ProQuest. The selection process was carried out in two stages independently by two reviewers according to the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was also analyzed.
RESULTS
When applying the search strategy, 306 articles were found, after removing duplicates 277 were analyzed by title and abstract, of which 33 were selected for full reading, of which 10 met the eligibility criteria. And one was included from the additional literature search. Of these, all had a low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The phenomenon of osseointegration is complex and, independent of the superficial electrical charge of the implant, it may occur. To understand osseointegration, attention must be paid to the synergistic action of the electrical potential; chemical composition, intrinsic to the alloy and from surface treatment; and topography, which will determine the speed of adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblast differentiation. 2. The presence of Ca2+ deposited on the surface acts as a driving force for biomineralization that induces osteoblastic attraction and differentiation; 3. For a better understanding of the current literature, more studies are needed to describe the osteogenic regulation process through protein mediation; 4. Topography and chemical composition act as decisive parameters for cell viability independent of the attractive electrical charge.
PubMed: 35814840
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.04.003 -
Dentistry Journal May 2022: Dental implant therapy is currently identified as the most effective treatment for edentulous patient. However, peri-implant inflammations were found to be one of the... (Review)
Review
: Dental implant therapy is currently identified as the most effective treatment for edentulous patient. However, peri-implant inflammations were found to be one of the most common complications that leads to the loss and failure of dental implantation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been proposed to enhance bone integration and reduce bacterial attachment. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the current evidence regarding the antimicrobial effect of UV on different dental implant surfaces. Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, VHL, and Cochran Library were searched to retrieve relevant articles. All original reports that examined the effect of the application of UV radiation on dental implants were included in our study. A total of 16 in vitro studies were included in this systematic review. Polymethyl methacrylate UV radiation has induced a significant decrease in bacterial survival in PMMA materials, with an increased effect by modification with 2.5% and 5% TiO nanotubes. UV-C showed a superior effect to UV-A in reducing bacterial attachment and accumulation. UV wavelength of 265 and 285 nm showed powerful bactericidal effects. UV of 365 nm for 24 h had the highest inhibition of bacterial growth in ZnO coated magnesium alloys. In UV-irradiated commercially pure titanium surfaces treated with plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application, heat or alkali had shown significant higher bactericidal effect vs non-irradiated treated surfaces than the treatment with any of them alone. UVC and gamma-ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface, compared to the dry heat. UV radiation on Ti surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial effects demonstrated through the reduction in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with suppression of bacterial cells growth. Combination of UV and treated surfaces with alkali, plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application or heat enhance the overall photocatalytic antimicrobial effect.
PubMed: 35735635
DOI: 10.3390/dj10060093