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Marine Drugs Mar 2023Dyslipidemia is a common chronic disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Diet plays an important role in the development of dyslipidemia. As people... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Dyslipidemia is a common chronic disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Diet plays an important role in the development of dyslipidemia. As people pay increased attention to healthy eating habits, brown seaweed consumption is increasing, particularly in East Asian countries. The association between dyslipidemia and brown seaweed consumption has been previously demonstrated. We searched for keywords associated with brown seaweed and dyslipidemia in electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Heterogeneity was estimated using the I statistic. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the forest plot and heterogeneity were confirmed using meta-ANOVA and meta-regression. Funnel plots and publication bias statistical tests were used to determine publication bias. Statistical significance was set at < 0.05. In this meta-analysis, we found that brown seaweed intake significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (mean difference (MD): -3.001; 95% CI: -5.770, -0.232) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (MD: -6.519; 95% CI: -12.884, -0.154); nevertheless, the statistically significant association of brown seaweed intake with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were not observed in our study (MD: 0.889; 95% CI: -0.558, 2.335 and MD: 8.515; 95% CI: -19.354, 36.383). Our study demonstrated that brown seaweed and its extracts decreased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. The use of brown seaweeds may be a promising strategy to reduce the risk of dyslipidemia. Future studies involving a larger population are warranted to investigate the dose-response association of brown seaweed consumption with dyslipidemia.
Topics: Humans; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Dyslipidemias; Cholesterol, HDL; Vegetables; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37103359
DOI: 10.3390/md21040220 -
Systematic Reviews Apr 2023We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effects of rice bran supplementation on serum lipid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effects of rice bran supplementation for management of blood lipids: A GRADE-assessed systematic review, dose-response meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effects of rice bran supplementation on serum lipid profile levels.
METHODS
We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using related keywords. Published RCTs exploring the effects of rice bran consumption on lipid profile were searched up to June 2022. Evidence certainty was assessed on the basis of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The data were pooled using a random-effects model and reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each outcome.
RESULTS
Meta-analysis of eight RCTs (with 11 effect sizes) showed no significant effect of rice bran supplementation on serum levels of triglyceride (WMD: -11.38 mg/dl; 95% CI: -27.73, 4.96; P = 0.17), total cholesterol (WMD: -0.68 mg/dl; 95% CI: -7.25, 5.88; P = 0.834), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -1.68 mg/dl; 95% CI: -8.46, 5.09; P = 0.627) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: 0.16 mg/dl; 95% CI: -1.52, 1.85; P = 0.848) compared to control group.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis suggests that rice bran supplementation has no significant effects on serum levels of lipid profile components. However, larger studies with longer durations and improved methodological quality are needed before firm conclusions can be reached.
Topics: Humans; Oryza; Dietary Supplements; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Lipids; Cholesterol, LDL
PubMed: 37046340
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02228-y -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 2023Dietary interventions are a widely available mediation for depression and anxiety among pregnant and/or postpartum (i.e., perinatal) persons, but their effectiveness is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dietary interventions are a widely available mediation for depression and anxiety among pregnant and/or postpartum (i.e., perinatal) persons, but their effectiveness is not well known.
OBJECTIVES
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions for the treatment of perinatal depression and/or anxiety.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science from their inception to 2 November, 2022. Studies were included if they were available in English and examined the effectiveness of a dietary intervention for perinatal depression and/or anxiety in a randomized controlled trial.
RESULTS
Our search identified 4246 articles, of which 36 were included and 28 were eligible for meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not found to improve symptoms of perinatal depression compared to control conditions [standardized mean differences (SMD): -0.11; 95% CI: -0.26 to 0.04]. These results neither changed when examined during pregnancy or the postpartum period separately nor varied according to the fatty acid (FA) ratio. Elemental metals (iron, zinc, and magnesium) were also not found to be superior to placebo (SMD: -0.42; 95% CI: -1.05 to 0.21), although vitamin D yielded a small to medium effect size improvement (SMD: -0.52; 95% CI: -0.84 to -0.20) in postpartum depression. Iron may help in those with confirmed iron deficiency. Narrative synthesis was performed for studies ineligible for meta-analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite their widespread popularity, PUFAs and elemental metals do not appear to effectively reduce perinatal depression. Vitamin D taken in doses of 1800-3500 International Units per day may be, to some extent, promising. Additional high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the true effectiveness of dietary interventions on perinatal depression and/or anxiety. This study was registered at PROSPERO (registration date: 5 July, 2020; CRD42020208830).
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Depression; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Anxiety; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Iron; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37019362
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.025 -
Ageing Research Reviews Jun 2023To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cancer mortality in the general population and on prognosis in cancer patients, a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cancer mortality in the general population and on prognosis in cancer patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) and individual patient data (IPD) was conducted. Overall, 14 RCTs with a total of 104,727 participants (2015 cancer deaths) were identified and 7 RCTs, including 90 % of all study participants (n = 94,068), could be included in the IPD meta-analyses. The main meta-analysis of the 14 RCTs yielded a statistically non-significant reduction in cancer mortality by 6 % (risk ratio (RR) [95%-confidence interval (95%CI)]: 0.94 [0.86-1.02]). Subgroup analyses revealed a 12 % lower cancer mortality in the vitamin D group compared with the placebo group in 10 trials with a daily dosing regimen (RR [95%CI]: 0.88 [0.78-0.98]), whereas no mortality reduction was seen in 4 trials using a bolus regimen (RR [95%CI]: 1.07 [0.91-1.24]; p-value for interaction: 0.042). The IPD meta-analysis (RR [95%CI]: 0.93 [0.84; 1.02]) confirmed the finding of all trials. The IPD were used to test effect modification by age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, adherence and cancer-related factors but no statistically significant findings were obtained in meta-analyses of all trials. When restricted to trials with daily dosing in a post-hoc analysis, adults aged ≥ 70 years (RR [95%CI]: 0.83 [0.77; 0.98]) and subjects with vitamin D therapy initiation before cancer diagnosis (RR [95%CI]: 0.87 [0.69; 0.99]) appeared to benefit most from daily vitamin D supplementation. Measurements of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and inclusion of other than non-Hispanic White adults were too sparse in the trials to draw conclusions. Results for all-cause and cancer-specific survival of participants with cancer were comparable to those obtained in the general population for cancer mortality. In conclusion, vitamin D did not reduce cancer mortality in the main meta-analysis of all RCTs because the observed risk reduction by 6 % was not statistically significant. However, a subgroup analysis revealed that vitamin D administered daily, in contrast to bolus supplementation, reduced cancer mortality by 12 %.
Topics: Humans; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37004841
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101923 -
Nutrients Mar 2023The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review on the influence of dietary and nutraceutical interventions as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review on the influence of dietary and nutraceutical interventions as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). A literature search for randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) was performed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. Trial inclusion criteria included the application of a defined nutritional intervention (food, beverages, or supplements) adjunctive to NSPT compared to NSPT alone with at least one measured periodontal parameter (pocket probing depths (PPD) or clinical attachment level (CAL)). Of 462 search results, 20 clinical trials relating to periodontitis and nutritional interventions were identified, of which, in total, 14 studies could be included. Eleven studies examined supplements containing lycopene, folate, chicory extract, juice powder, micronutrients and plant extracts, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, or vitamin D. Three studies examined food-based interventions (kiwifruit, green or oolong tea). Due to limited information on within-group differences in the studies, results were descriptively analyzed. A significant positive effect on periodontal parameters (PPD, bleeding on probing) was found for vitamin E, chicory extract, juice powder, green tea, and oolong tea. Heterogeneous effects were found for lycopene, folate, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. No effects on PPD were found for adjunct kiwifruit (in combination with NSPT). Risk of bias via RoB2 revealed a low risk of bias with some concerns. There was a high heterogeneity in the type of nutritional interventions. The adjunctive use of various supplements and green/oolong tea led to positive and significant effects of the nutritional interventions on clinical periodontal outcome parameters. In the context of non-surgical periodontal therapy, an adjunctive intake of micronutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, green/oolong tea, and polyphenols and flavonoids could be beneficial. Long-term clinical studies with full data reports (especially within-group differences) are needed for conducting a meta-analysis.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Lycopene; Plant Extracts; Powders; Tea; Vitamin D; Vitamin E
PubMed: 36986267
DOI: 10.3390/nu15061538 -
Nutrients Mar 2023Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is prevalent with lasting health implications for the mother and offspring. Medical therapy is the foundation of GDM management, for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is prevalent with lasting health implications for the mother and offspring. Medical therapy is the foundation of GDM management, for achieving optimal glycemic control often requires treatment with insulin or metformin. Gut dysbiosis is a feature of GDM pregnancies, therefore, dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota may offer a new avenue for management. Probiotics are a relatively new intervention, which can reduce the mother's blood sugar levels and, furthermore, adjust glucose and lipid metabolism in both mother and offspring.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the effect of probiotics/synbiotics on glucose and lipid metabolism in women with GDM.
METHODS
A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the electronic databases Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and EBOSCO, published between 1 January 2012 and 1 November 2022. A total of 11 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were analyzed. The indicators included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin (FSI), the homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), the mean weight at end of trial, and gestational weight gain (GWG).
RESULTS
Compared with the placebo, probiotics/synbiotics were associated with a statistically significant improvement in FPG (MD = -2.33, 95% CI = -4.27, -0.40, = 0.02), FSI (MD = -2.47 95% CI = -3.82, -1.12, = 0.0003), HOMA-IR (MD = -0.40, 95% CI = -0.74, -0.06, = 0.02), and TC (MD = -6.59, 95% CI = -12.23,--0.95, = 0.02), while other factors had no significant difference. The subgroup analysis revealed that the kind of supplement led to heterogeneity for FPG and FSI, while heterogeneity was not found for others.
CONCLUSION
Probiotics/synbiotics could control glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women with GDM. There was a significant improvement in FPG, FSI, HOMA-IR, and TC. The use of specific probiotic supplementation may be a promising prevention and therapeutic strategy for GDM. However, due to the heterogeneity among existing studies, further studies are warranted to address the limitations of existing evidence and better inform the management of GDM.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Synbiotics; Glucose; Blood Glucose; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Probiotics; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Cholesterol, HDL; Lipid Metabolism
PubMed: 36986107
DOI: 10.3390/nu15061375 -
Sex Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism: A Systematic Review Focused on Neuropsychiatric Disorders.International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Tryptophan (Tryp) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of several neuroactive compounds within the central nervous system (CNS). Tryp metabolism, the common... (Review)
Review
Tryptophan (Tryp) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of several neuroactive compounds within the central nervous system (CNS). Tryp metabolism, the common denominator linking serotonin (5-HT) dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, is involved in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including neurological, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. Interestingly, most of those conditions occur and progress in a sex-specific manner. Here, we explore the most relevant observations about the influence of biological sex on Tryp metabolism and its possible relation to neuropsychiatric diseases. Consistent evidence suggests that women have a higher susceptibility than men to suffer serotoninergic alterations due to changes in the levels of its precursor Tryp. Indeed, female sex bias in neuropsychiatric diseases is involved in a reduced availability of this amino acid pool and 5-HT synthesis. These changes in Tryp metabolism could lead to sexual dimorphism on the prevalence and severity of some neuropsychiatric disorders. This review identifies gaps in the current state of the art, thus suggesting future research directions. Specifically, there is a need for further research on the impact of diet and sex steroids, both involved in this molecular mechanism as they have been poorly addressed for this topic.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Tryptophan; Sex Characteristics; Serotonin; Amino Acids; Mental Disorders; Kynurenine
PubMed: 36983084
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066010 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Mar 2023Some studies have reported the possible role of vitamin D in ameliorating disease outcomes in childhood infectious diarrhea. However, findings about its effectiveness...
BACKGROUND
Some studies have reported the possible role of vitamin D in ameliorating disease outcomes in childhood infectious diarrhea. However, findings about its effectiveness and the association of serum vitamin D levels with diarrhea risk appear inconsistent. We aimed to determine the efficacy of oral vitamin D as an adjunct in managing childhood infectious diarrhea and the relationship between vitamin D status and the disease.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases for relevant articles without limiting their year of publication. We selected primary studies that met the review's inclusion criteria, screened their titles and abstracts, and removed duplicates. We extracted data items from selected studies using a structured data-extraction form. We conducted a quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies with the Cochrane collaboration tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, respectively. We assessed the strength of the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and diarrhea using the correlation model. We estimated the I and tau values to assess between-study heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Nine full-text articles were selected, consisting of one RCT, three cross-sectional studies, two cohort studies, two longitudinal/prospective studies, and one case-control study. A total of 5,545 participants were evaluated in the nine studies. Six non-randomized studies provided weak evidence of the relationship between vitamin D levels and diarrhea risk as there was no correlation between the two variables. The only RCT failed to demonstrate any beneficial role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of recurrent diarrhea. The calculated I and tau values of 86.5% and 0.03, respectively suggested a high between-study heterogeneity which precluded a meta-analysis of study results.
CONCLUSION
Oral vitamin D may not be an effective adjunct in managing childhood infectious diarrhea. Additionally, the relationship between vitamin D status and infectious diarrhea appears weak. We recommend more adequately-powered RCTs to determine the effectiveness of vitamin D as an adjunct therapy in infectious diarrhea.
Topics: Humans; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Dysentery; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36918811
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08077-3 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2023The health effects of dairy products are still a matter of scientific debate owing to inconsistent findings across trials. Therefore, this systematic review and network... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The health effects of dairy products are still a matter of scientific debate owing to inconsistent findings across trials. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the effects of different dairy products on markers of cardiometabolic health. A systematic search was conducted in 3 electronic databases [MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science; search date: 23 September 2022]. This study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a ≥12-wk intervention comparing any 2 of the eligible interventions [e.g., high dairy (≥3 servings/d or equal amount in grams per day), full-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, naturally fermented milk products, and low dairy/control (0-2 servings/d or usual diet)]. A pairwise meta-analysis and NMA using random-effects model was performed in the frequentist framework for 10 outcomes [body weight, BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and systolic blood pressure]. Continuous outcome data were pooled using mean differences (MDs) and dairy interventions ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Nineteen RCTs with 1427 participants were included. High-dairy intake (irrespective of fat content) showed no detrimental effects on anthropometric outcomes, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Both low-fat and full-fat dairy improved systolic blood pressure (MD: -5.22 to -7.60 mm Hg; low certainty) but, concomitantly, may impair glycemic control (fasting glucose-MD: 0.31-0.43 mmol/L; glycated hemoglobin-MD: 0.37%-0.47%). Full-fat dairy may increase HDL cholesterol compared with a control diet (MD: 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.49 mmol/L). Yogurt improved waist circumference (MD: -3.47 cm; 95% CI: -6.92, -0.02 cm; low certainty), triglycerides (MD: -0.38 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.03 mmol/L; low certainty), and HDL cholesterol (MD: 0.19 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.38 mmol/L) compared with milk. In conclusion, our findings indicate that there is little robust evidence that a higher dairy intake has detrimental effects on markers of cardiometabolic health. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022303198.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Cholesterol, HDL; Glycated Hemoglobin; Network Meta-Analysis; Triglycerides; Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36914032
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.004 -
The Journal of Nutrition Jan 2023Children and young adults with HIV infection may exhibit vitamin D deficiency, which is harmful to bone health as well as the endocrine and immune systems. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Children and young adults with HIV infection may exhibit vitamin D deficiency, which is harmful to bone health as well as the endocrine and immune systems.
OBJECTIVES
This study sought to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on children and young adults with HIV infection.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation (ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol) at any dose or for any duration in children and young adults with HIV infection, aged 0-25 y, were included. A random-effects model was used, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were calculated.
RESULTS
Ten trials, with 21 publications and 966 participants (mean age: 17.9 y), were included in the meta-analysis. The supplementation dose and the duration of the studies included ranged from 400 to 7000 IU/d and from 6 to 24 mo, respectively. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a significantly higher serum 25(OH)D concentration at 12 mo (SMD: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.65; P < 0.00001) compared with a placebo. No significant difference was observed in spine BMD (SMD: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.47, 0.3; P = 0.65) at 12 mo between these 2 groups. However, participants who received higher doses (1600-4000 IU/d) had significantly higher total BMD (SMD: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.44; P = 0.03) and nonsignificantly higher spine BMD (SMD: 0.3; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.61; P = 0.07) at 12 mo compared with those who received standard doses (400-800 IU/d).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D supplementation in children and young adults with HIV infection increases the serum 25(OH)D concentration. A relatively high daily dose of vitamin D (1600-4000 IU) improves total BMD at 12 mo and results in sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations.
Topics: Humans; Child; Young Adult; Adolescent; HIV Infections; Dietary Supplements; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 36913447
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.008