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Biology of Sport Jul 2024The aim of this study is to determine the acute effects of resistance and plyometric training on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance in healthy adults and... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study is to determine the acute effects of resistance and plyometric training on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance in healthy adults and adolescents. A systematic literature search was conducted via Medline, Cinahl, Scopus and SportDiscus databases for studies that investigated: 1) healthy male, female adults, or adolescents; and 2) measured sprint or change of direction performance following resistance and plyometric exercises. Studies were excluded if: 1) resistance or plyometric exercises was not used to induce muscle damage; 2) conducted in animals, infants, elderly; 3) sprint performance and/or agility performance was not measured 24 h post muscle damaging protocol. Study appraisal was completed using the Kmet Quality Scoring for Quantitative Study tool. Forest plots were generated to quantitatively analyse data and report study statistics for statistical significance and heterogeneity. The included studies ( = 20) revealed sprint and COD performance was significantly impaired up to 72 hr following resistance and plyometric exercises; both protocols significantly increased creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decreased countermovement jump (CMJ) up to 72 hr. The systematic review of 20 studies indicated that resistance and plyometric training significantly impaired sprint and COD performance up to 72 hours post-exercise. Both training protocols elevated exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) markers (CK, DOMS) and decreased CMJ performance within the same timeframe.
PubMed: 38952917
DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.131823 -
Biology of Sport Jul 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of combined beta-alanine (BA) and sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on exercise capacity and... (Review)
Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of combined beta-alanine (BA) and sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on exercise capacity and performance. Four databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web Of Science and MEDLINE) were searched using relevant terms for studies involving healthy (e.g. no chronic diseases or conditions) male or female adults of any training status (athletes, physically active and non-athletes) and that investigated BA and SB in isolation and combination at any dose on an exercise outcome. Ten studies, totalling 243 individuals, met the criteria with 12 outcomes for each nutritional supplement. No ergogenic effect was detected in this meta-analysis for BA (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI: -0.06; 0.43, p = 0.13, tau = 0, tau = 0, I = 0.0%) or SB (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.08; 0.41, p = 0.16, tau = 0, tau = 0, I = 0.0%) in isolation. However, there was a beneficial effect for the combination of BA and SB (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.07; 0.57, p = 0.02, tau = 0, tau = 0, I = 0.0%). Meta-regression identified no differences between supplementing with BA or SB separately (F = 0.58; p = 0.57). Combining BA and SB improved exercise performance, however, there was no benefit in taking these supplements individually.
PubMed: 38952910
DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.132997 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Aerobic exercise (AE) interventions are beginning to be used as an emerging adjunctive treatment modality in the treatment of children with Attention Deficit...
OBJECTIVE
Aerobic exercise (AE) interventions are beginning to be used as an emerging adjunctive treatment modality in the treatment of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, to date, there is no substantial evidence to support the improved effects of aerobic exercise intervention in children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. This study aims to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise therapy on executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder aged 6-12 years.
METHOD
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed and Web of Science. The cut-off date was June 1, 2023. The aim was to assess the impact of aerobic exercise interventions on children with ADHD and all randomized controlled trials eligible for aerobic exercise interventions for children with ADHD were included. Nine randomized controlled trials were screened for eligibility for systematic evaluation, and the nine studies were assessed for risk of bias using the PEDro score and the GRADE Quality of Evidence Evaluation System for quality grading of outcome indicators. After testing for heterogeneity, a random-effects model was selected for analysis. Finally, meta-analyses and regression analyses were performed on the core functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory) and subgroups of the nine studies on executive function using Revman 5.4 and Stata 16.0.
RESULTS
The risk of bias evaluation showed a mean PEDro score of 7.78, and of the nine studies, two were rated as having excellent methodological quality, while the remaining seven had a good level of evidence, and the GRADE evidence evaluation showed that the outcome indicators were all of moderate quality. Inhibitory control [SMD = 0.83,95% CI (0.37-1.29), Z = 3.51, = 0.0005], cognitive flexibility [SMD = 0.65,95% CI (0.37-0.93), Z = 4.58, < 0.00001], and working memory [SMD = 0.48,95% CI (0.02-0.95), Z = 2.03, = 0.04] were statistically significant, with effect sizes of moderate or higher; furthermore, in subgroup analyses type of intervention, duration, intensity, and medication use had different effects on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, and the combined IC, CF statistic found that a single category of aerobic exercise ( = 0.867, < 0.001), moderate intensity ( = 0.928, < 0.001), 6-12 weeks (β = 0.804, < 0.001), 60-90 min ( = 0.894, < 0.001), and the use of medication ( = 1.202, = 0.002) were better for overall improvement in EF.
CONCLUSION
Aerobic exercise therapy significantly improved executive functioning in children with ADHD, showing above moderate effect sizes especially in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Aerobic exercise therapy can be used as a reference in improving executive function in children with ADHD, but given the limitations of this study, it should be used with caution when applied in clinical settings.
PubMed: 38952825
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1376354 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the estimates of the prevalence and infection rates of natural and experimental infections of...
The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the estimates of the prevalence and infection rates of natural and experimental infections of amphistome species in intermediate host snails (IHs) across different continents. A search of peer-reviewed literature on natural and experimental infections of freshwater snails with amphistome species was conducted from four electronic databases from 1984 to 2023. The estimates of the prevalence and/or infection rates were based on 36 eligible peer-reviewed articles, which met the inclusion criteria and reported on natural and experimental infections of amphistome species in freshwater snails. The results showed that a total of 1,67,081 snail species from the peer-reviewed articles were examined for natural infections and 7,659 snail species for experimental infections. The overall pooled prevalence of amphistome infections from naturally infected snails was 2% (95% CI: 0-4), while the overall pooled prevalence of amphistome infections from infections was 40% (95% CI: 18-64). The highest pooled prevalence of natural infection was 3%, which was recorded in Europe (95% CI: 1-7%). The highest overall prevalence of naturally infected amphistome was 6% (95% CI: 0-20%) for . The Americas had the highest pooled prevalence of experimental amphistome infection among freshwater snails (66%; 95% CI: 26-96%). The highest pooled infection rate of 65% (95% CI: 12-100%) was recorded for in experimental infections. was the only snail that qualified for meta-analysis for natural infection with with a pooled prevalence of 3% (95% CI: 1-8%). infected with and infected with in the experimental infection qualified for the meta-analysis, with an overall infection rate of 66% (95% CI: 34-92%) and 30% (95% CI: 0-74%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of amphistome species infection in the intermediate host (IH) snails based on detection techniques was higher with PCR compared to the dissection and shedding of cercariae. The results from the quality effects model revealed a high heterogeneity and publication bias between studies. This meta-analysis provided valuable insights into the prevalence and infection rates of amphistome species in snail IHs across different geographical regions.
PubMed: 38952801
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1418979 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Due to hazardous working conditions, welders are more likely to be exposed to mild to severe eye issues during the welding process. Globally, this issue is a major... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Due to hazardous working conditions, welders are more likely to be exposed to mild to severe eye issues during the welding process. Globally, this issue is a major contributor to vision loss and blindness. One of the most frequent causes of unilateral blindness in the globe is ocular injury.
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of ocular protection practice and associated factors among welders in sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS
Databases including PubMed, Scopus, web of Science, Google Scholar, and the African Journals Online were systematically searched for relevant literature. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA data analysis software version 14, while Microsoft Excel was used for data abstraction. We checked publication bias using a funnel plot and Egger and Begg regression tests. A -value < 0.05 was considered significant, suggesting the presence of presence publication bias. The I statistics were used to assess heterogeneity between studies. The study's overall effect was evaluated using the random effects model.
RESULTS
From retrieved 2,326 original studies, 17 studies were included in the final pooled prevalence analysis. The overall prevalence of ocular protection practice among small-scale welders in sub-Saharan Africa was 53.71% (95% CI: 42.54, 64.88). Having pre and in-service training [AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: (2.64, 9.36)], having work experience as a welder [AOR: 4.94, 95% CI: (3.24, 7.54)], and having a history of ocular injury [AOR: 2.99, 95% CI: (1.58, 5.66)] were significantly associated with the ocular protection practices.
CONCLUSIONS
In sub-Saharan African countries, the ocular protection practices among small-scale welders were low. Furthermore, the current meta-analysis found ocular protection practice to be significantly associated with on-the-job training, work experience of welders, and a history of ocular injury in the past year of small-scale welders in sub-Saharan Africa. This review will serve as baseline data for further studies to generate inputs for eye care providers and policymakers to improve good practice levels about ocular protection. Policies should be put in place to ensure all welders use proper personal-protective equipment, and receive regular health training.
Topics: Humans; Africa South of the Sahara; Prevalence; Eye Injuries; Welding; Eye Protective Devices
PubMed: 38952737
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1397578 -
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2024Open globe injuries (OGIs) are a leading cause of monocular blindness worldwide and require prompt intervention to prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Open globe injuries (OGIs) are a leading cause of monocular blindness worldwide and require prompt intervention to prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and endophthalmitis when serious intraocular damage occurs. The management of OGIs involves initial wound closure within 24 hours, followed by vitrectomy as a secondary surgery. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal timing of vitrectomy for maximizing visual outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether early or delayed vitrectomy leads to better outcomes in patients with OGIs.
METHODS
This review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. The Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched (October 23, 2023). Clinical studies that used vitrectomy to manage OGIs as early (within 7 days) or delayed (8-14 days) interventions were included. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs were appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias and JBI tools, respectively.
RESULTS
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the quantitative analyses. There were 235 patients with OGIs who received early intervention and 211 patients who received delayed intervention. The retina was reattached in 91% and 76% of the patients after early and delayed intervention, respectively. Traumatic PVR was present in 9% and 41% of the patients in the early and delayed groups, respectively. The odds of retinal reattachment after vitrectomy were greater in the early group (OR = 3.42, p = 0.010, 95% CI=1.34-8.72), and the odds of visual acuity ≥ 5/200 were 2.4 times greater in the early group. The incidence of PVR was significantly greater in the delayed surgery group (OR = 0.16, p < 0.0001; 95% CI=0.06-0.39), which also required more than one vitrectomy surgery.
CONCLUSION
Early vitrectomy results in better postoperative visual acuity, a greater proportion of retinal reattachment, and a decreased incidence of PVR.
PubMed: 38952722
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S466144 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024Two significant etiological factors contributing to iron deficiency anemia, and undernutrition posing substantial public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa, are...
Impact of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation on nutritional status and parasitic reinfection among school-age children and adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Two significant etiological factors contributing to iron deficiency anemia, and undernutrition posing substantial public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa, are soil-transmitted helminths and malaria. This study carried out the effect of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (WIFAS) on the nutrition and general health of school-age children and adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted.
METHODS
To find pertinent publications for this study, a thorough search was carried out on May 20, 2023, across five databases: Pubmed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. In addition, a search was conducted on August 23, 2023, to capture any new records. The inclusion criteria for the studies were based on school-age children and adolescent populations, randomized controlled trials, and investigations into the effects of WIFAS. The outcomes of interest were measured through anthropometric changes, malaria, and helminthic reinfection
RESULTS
A systematic review of 11 articles revealed that WIFAS significantly decreased the risk of schistosomiasis reinfection by 21% among adolescents (risk ratio = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.66, 0.97; heterogeneity = 0.00%, = 0.02). However, no significant impact was observed on the risk of malaria reinfection (risk ratio = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.13; heterogeneity = 0.00%, = 0.67) or A. Lumbricoides reinfection (risk ratio = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.75, 1.19; heterogeneity = 0.00%, = 0.65). Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that there is no significant effect of iron-folic acid supplementation in measured height and height for age -score (HAZ) of the school-age children (Hedge's g -0.05, 95%CI: -0.3, 0.2; test for heterogeneity = 0.00%, = 0.7) and (Hedge's g 0.12, 95%CI: -0.13, 0.37; test for heterogeneity = 0.00%, = 0.36) respectively.
CONCLUSION
The effectiveness of WIFAS in reducing the risk of schistosomiasis reinfection in adolescents has been demonstrated to be greater than that of a placebo or no intervention. Additionally, the narrative synthesis of iron-folic acid supplementation has emerged as a potential public health intervention for promoting weight change. However, there was no significant association between WIFAS and Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Moreover, the certainty of the evidence for the effects of WIFAS on height and malaria is low and therefore inconclusive. Whereas, the certainty of the evidence for the effectiveness of WIFAS on Schistosomiasis is moderate. Even though the mechanisms need further research WIFAS may be implemented as part of a comprehensive public health strategy to address schistosomiasis in adolescents.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023397898, PROSPERO (CRD42023397898).
PubMed: 38952434
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1366540 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Caesarean section (CS) rate increased dramatically worldwide, exceeding the World Health Organization's benchmark (10-15 %) in many countries. This rate varies in...
BACKGROUND
Caesarean section (CS) rate increased dramatically worldwide, exceeding the World Health Organization's benchmark (10-15 %) in many countries. This rate varies in different regions of the continent. Using various study designs, researchers from across East African countries investigated the prevalence of caesarean section and the factor associated with it but no study shows a pooled prevalence of caesarean section in the Eastern African region. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically summarize and estimate the pooled prevalence of caesarean section and its associated factors in Eastern Africa, 2023.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL were rigorously searched to find relevant studies. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of CS and its associated factors in East Africa published till August 2023 were considered. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the I test. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger's regression test. Finally, a random effect meta-analysis model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of CS and qualitative analysis was employed for associated factors. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO.
RESULTS
This review was assessed using twenty-six eligible studies from a total of 2223 articles with a total of 600,431 participants. In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of caesarean section in Eastern Africa was 24.0 % (95%CI: 22-27 %). The highest pooled prevalence of caesarean section was in Ethiopia, 28.30 % (95%CI; 21.3-35.2 %), and the lowest was seen in Uganda, 11.9 % (95%CI; 7.9-15.9 %). Urban residency, having high level of wealth asset, education level college and above, advanced maternal age, big birth weight, history of previous caesarean section, private institution delivery, multiple pregnancies, pregnancy-induced hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage and fetal malpresentation were linked with a greater likelihood of having CS.
CONCLUSIONS
and recommendation: The overall pooled prevalence of CS in Eastern Africa was high compared to the WHO proposed recommended range. Therefore, the finding implies that each East African countries Ministry of Health and health care professionals shall be given particular emphasis made on strengthening antenatal care services and ensure more women have access to skilled healthcare professionals during childbirth. This can help in providing appropriate interventions, support to women and reducing the need for emergency and unnecessary CSs. The result of this research are a baseline data for future researchers to conduct further studies to better understand the reasons behind the high rates and identify potential interventions and solutions specific to the African context.: CRD42023440131.
PubMed: 38952380
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32511 -
Cardiovascular Diabetology Jul 2024The available evidence on the impact of specific non-pharmacological interventions on glycaemic control is currently limited. Consequently, there is a need to determine... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The available evidence on the impact of specific non-pharmacological interventions on glycaemic control is currently limited. Consequently, there is a need to determine which interventions could provide the most significant benefits for the metabolic health of young individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to identify optimal nonpharmacological interventions on glycaemic control, measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus from inception to July 1, 2023. Randomised clinical trials (RCT) investigating nonpharmacological interventions (e.g., physical activity, nutrition, and behavioural therapies) were included. Primary outcome was change in HbA1c levels. Secondary outcome was change in daily insulin dose requirement. Seventy-four RCT with 6,815 participants (49.43% girls) involving 20 interventions were analysed using a network meta-analysis. Most interventions showed greater efficacy than standard care. However, multicomponent exercise, which includes aerobic and strength training (n = 214, standardised mean difference [SMD] =- 0.63, 95% credible interval [95% CrI] - 1.09 to - 0.16) and nutritional supplements (n = 146, SMD =- 0.49, - 0 .92 to - 0.07) demonstrated the greatest HbA1c reductions. These interventions also led to the larger decreases in daily insulin needs (n = 119, SMD =- 0.79, 95% CrI - 1.19 to - 0.34) and (n = 57, SMD =- 0.62, 95% CrI - 1.18 to - 0.12, respectively). The current study underscores non-pharmacological options such as multicomponent exercise and nutritional supplements, showcasing their potential to significantly improve HbA1c in youth with type 1 diabetes. Although additional research to confirm their efficacy is required, these approaches could be considered as potential adjuvant therapeutic options in the management of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Glycated Hemoglobin; Adolescent; Child; Network Meta-Analysis; Female; Male; Treatment Outcome; Blood Glucose; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Biomarkers; Bayes Theorem; Hypoglycemic Agents; Glycemic Control; Age Factors; Insulin; Dietary Supplements; Exercise Therapy; Exercise; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38951907
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02301-3 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Jun 2024It remains unclear whether the use of an orthopaedic traction table (TT) in direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA) results in better outcomes. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
Indirect comparisons of traction table versus standard table in total hip arthroplasty through direct anterior approach: a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
It remains unclear whether the use of an orthopaedic traction table (TT) in direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA) results in better outcomes. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to compare the THA outcomes through DAA on a standard operating table and the THA outcomes through DAA on a TT.
METHODS
PubMed, Epistemonikos, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 01 January 2024. An indirect comparison in network meta-analysis was performed to assess treatment effects between DAA on a TT and DAA on a standard table, using fixed-effects and random-effects models estimated with frequentist approach and consistency assumption. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for continuous variables and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated for binary variables.
RESULTS
The systematic review of the literature identified 43 RCTs with a total of 2,258 patients. DAA with TT had a 102.3 mL higher intraoperative blood loss and a 0.6 mmol/L lower Hb 3 days postoperatively compared with DAA without TT (SMD = 102.33, 95% CI 47.62 to 157.04; SMD = - 0.60, 95% CI - 1.19 to - 0.00). DAA with TT had a 0.15 lower periprosthetic fracture OR compared with DAA without TT (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.86). There were no further significant differences in surgical, radiological, functional outcomes and in complication rates.
CONCLUSION
Based on our findings and taking into account the limitations, we recommend that particular attention be paid to the risk of periprosthetic fracture in DAA on a standard operating table and blood loss in DAA with TT. Since numerous other surgical, radiological, functional outcome parameters and other complication rates studied showed no significant difference between DAA on a standard operating table and DAA with TT, no recommendation for a change in surgical technique seems justified.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level I evidence, because this is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Network Meta-Analysis; Traction; Treatment Outcome; Blood Loss, Surgical; Operating Tables; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 38951886
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04852-3