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Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Obesity is a chronic, complex, and multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. It is characterized by...
Obesity is a chronic, complex, and multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. It is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, which damages health and deteriorates the quality of life. Although dietary treatment can significantly improve health, high attrition is a common problem in weight loss interventions with serious consequences for weight loss management and frustration. The strategy used to improve compliance has been combining dietary prescriptions and recommendations for physical activity with cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for weight management. This systematic review determined the dropout rate and predictive factors associated with dropout from CBT for adults with overweight and obesity. The data from the 37 articles selected shows an overall dropout rate between 5 and 62%. The predictive factors associated with attrition can be distinguished by demographics (younger age, educational status, unemployed status, and ethnicity) and psychological variables (greater expected 1-year Body Mass Index loss, previous weight loss attempts, perceiving more stress with dieting, weight and shape concerns, body image dissatisfaction, higher stress, anxiety, and depression). Common reasons for dropping out were objective (i.e., long-term sickness, acute illness, and pregnancy), logistical, poor job conditions or job difficulties, low level of organization, dissatisfaction with the initial results, lack of motivation, and lack of adherence. According to the Mixed Methods Appraisal quality analysis, 13.5% of articles were classified as five stars, and none received the lowest quality grade (1 star). The majority of articles were classified as 4 stars (46%). At least 50% of the selected articles exhibited a high risk of bias. The domain characterized by a higher level of bias was that of randomization, with more than 60% of the articles having a high risk of bias. The high risk of bias in these articles can probably depend on the type of study design, which, in most cases, was observational and non-randomized. These findings demonstrate that CBT could be a promising approach for obesity treatment, achieving, in most cases, lower dropout rates than other non-behavioral interventions. However, more studies should be conducted to compare obesity treatment strategies, as there is heterogeneity in the dropout assessment and the population studied. Ultimately, gaining a deeper understanding of the comparative effectiveness of these treatment strategies is of great value to patients, clinicians, and healthcare policymakers. : PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022369995 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022369995.
PubMed: 38784136
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1250683 -
Implementation Science Communications May 2024Despite the critical need for comprehensive and effective chronic pain care, delivery of such care remains challenging. Group medical visits (GMVs) offer an innovative... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite the critical need for comprehensive and effective chronic pain care, delivery of such care remains challenging. Group medical visits (GMVs) offer an innovative and efficient model for providing comprehensive care for patients with chronic pain. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify barriers and facilitators (determinants) to implementing GMVs for adult patients with chronic pain.
METHODS
The review included peer-reviewed studies reporting findings on implementation of GMVs for chronic pain, inclusive of all study designs. Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched. Studies of individual appointments or group therapy were excluded. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to determine risk of bias. Data related to implementation determinants were extracted independently by two reviewers. Data synthesis was guided by the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.
RESULTS
Thirty-three articles reporting on 25 studies met criteria for inclusion and included qualitative observational (n = 8), randomized controlled trial (n = 6), quantitative non-randomized (n = 9), quantitative descriptive (n = 3), and mixed methods designs (n = 7). The studies included in this review included a total of 2364 participants. Quality ratings were mixed, with qualitative articles receiving the highest quality ratings. Common multi-level determinants included the relative advantage of GMVs for chronic pain over other available models, the capability and motivation of clinicians, the cost of GMVs to patients and the health system, the need and opportunity of patients, the availability of resources and relational connections supporting recruitment and referral to GMVs within the clinic setting, and financing and policies within the outer setting.
CONCLUSIONS
Multi-level factors determine the implementation of GMVs for chronic pain. Future research is needed to investigate these determinants more thoroughly and to develop and test implementation strategies addressing these determinants to promote the scale-up of GMVs for patients with chronic pain.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021231310 .
PubMed: 38783388
DOI: 10.1186/s43058-024-00595-8 -
Epilepsy & Behavior Reports 2024Exercise interventions in epilepsy have been shown to improve seizure frequency, physical capacity, quality of life, mood, and cognitive functioning. However, the... (Review)
Review
Exercise interventions in epilepsy have been shown to improve seizure frequency, physical capacity, quality of life, mood, and cognitive functioning. However, the effectiveness of exercise in improving sleep in epilepsy is less clear. The purpose of this report is to identify the published literature regarding exercise interventions in people with epilepsy to determine 1) what proportion of published clinical trials assess sleep as an outcome, and 2) what benefits of exercise interventions on sleep have been observed. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS electronic databases using the search terms "epilepsy AND [exercise OR physical activity]" and identified 23 articles reporting on 18 unique clinical trials. Nine studies were conducted in adults, five in children, and four in adults and children with active seizures, controlled seizures, or both. Exercise modalities included aerobic exercise, strength training, walking, and yoga, among others, and some also included educational and motivational components. Exercise effects on sleep were tested in four studies, two of which only included indirect measures of sleep- and rest-related fatigue, with mixed results. Of the two reports assessing sleep directly, one reported marginal non-significant improvements in subjective sleep quality and no improvements in objective sleep quality in children after twelve weeks of walking, and the other reported no benefits in subjective sleep quality after twelve weeks of combined aerobic, strength, and flexibility training in adults. Given the health benefits of sleep and detrimental effects of sleep deprivation in epilepsy, epilepsy researchers need to assess the effects of exercise interventions on sleep.
PubMed: 38779424
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2024.100675 -
Heliyon May 2024Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications into language learning and teaching is currently a growing trend in higher education. Literature reviews have... (Review)
Review
Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications into language learning and teaching is currently a growing trend in higher education. Literature reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness of AI applications in improving English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL) learners' receptive and productive skills, vocabulary knowledge, and intercultural competencies. However, systematic reviews investigating the usefulness of AI technologies in higher education to enhance EFL learners' affective factors are scarce. This study is a systematic review that investigates the effectiveness of integrating AI technologies to enhance EFL learners' motivation, engagement, and attitude, and reduce their learning anxiety. Articles from reputable journal databases such as IEEE, Wiley, Web of Science, Sage, ProQuest, Springer, and Science Direct were screened by examining titles and abstracts, and irrelevant articles were excluded from the search. Of the 64 articles analyzed only 21 articles published between 2017 and 2023 were determined to be relevant to the research topic. The findings suggest that the implementation of AI technologies in EFL contexts is in its early stages, and further research is required to establish the impact of AI-integrated classes on EFL learners' affective factors. This review also identifies the gaps in literature and recommends avenues for future research in this novel area.
PubMed: 38778968
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31053 -
BMC Psychology May 2024The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review regarding the relationship between positive psychological factors, such as psychological well-being and...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review regarding the relationship between positive psychological factors, such as psychological well-being and pleasant emotions, and sports performance.
METHOD
This study, carried out through a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines considering the Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORT Discus databases, seeks to highlight the relationship between other more 'positive' factors, such as well-being, positive emotions and sports performance.
SETTINGS
The keywords will be decided by a Delphi Method in two rounds with sport psychology experts.
PARTICIPANTS
There are no participants in the present research.
ASSESSMENT
The main exclusion criteria were: Non-sport thema, sample younger or older than 20-65 years old, qualitative or other methodology studies, COVID-related, journals not exclusively about Psychology.
MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES
We obtained a first sample of 238 papers, and finally, this sample was reduced to the final sample of 11 papers.
RESULTS
The results obtained are intended to be a representation of the 'bright side' of sports practice, and as a complement or mediator of the negative variables that have an impact on athletes' and coaches' performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Clear recognition that acting on intrinsic motivation continues to be the best and most effective way to motivate oneself to obtain the highest levels of performance, a good perception of competence and a source of personal satisfaction.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Performance; Athletes; Emotions; Personal Satisfaction; Motivation; Sports
PubMed: 38773650
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01769-8 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD May 2024Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder for which hospitalization is frequently needed in case of severe medical and psychiatric consequences. We aim to describe the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder for which hospitalization is frequently needed in case of severe medical and psychiatric consequences. We aim to describe the state-of-the-art inpatient treatment of AN in real-world reports.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature on the major medical databases, spanning from January 2011 to October 2023, was performed, using the keywords: "inpatient", "hospitalization" and "anorexia nervosa". Studies on pediatric populations and inpatients in residential facilities were excluded.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies (3501 subjects) were included, and nine themes related to the primary challenges faced in hospitalization settings were selected. About 81.48% of the studies detailed the clinical team, 51.85% cited the use of a psychotherapeutic model, 25.93% addressed motivation, 100% specified the treatment setting, 66.67% detailed nutrition and refeeding, 22.22% cited pharmacological therapy, 40.74% described admission or discharge criteria and 14.81% follow-up, and 51.85% used tests for assessment of the AN or psychopathology. Despite the factors defined by international guidelines, the data were not homogeneous and not adequately defined on admission/discharge criteria, pharmacological therapy, and motivation, while more comprehensive details were available for treatment settings, refeeding protocols, and psychometric assessments.
CONCLUSION
Though the heterogeneity among the included studies was considered, the existence of sparse criteria, objectives, and treatment modalities emerged, outlining a sometimes ambiguous report of hospitalization practices. Future studies must aim for a more comprehensive description of treatment approaches. This will enable uniform depictions of inpatient treatment, facilitating comparisons across different studies and establishing guidelines more grounded in scientific evidence.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level I, systematic review.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Hospitalization; Inpatients; Adult; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 38767754
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01665-5 -
PloS One 2024This study explores the age effects of the sport education model(SEM) on the impact of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and intrinsic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This study explores the age effects of the sport education model(SEM) on the impact of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and intrinsic motivation (interest, enjoyment, satisfaction) among adolescent students.
METHOD
Retrieval of relevant literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The search period ranged from the starting year to January 7, 2024. Subsequently, literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment will be conducted, and data analysis will be performed using "Review Manager 5.4" software.
RESULT
Overall, SEM has a positive and statistically significant impact on the basic psychological needs (MD = 0.36,95% CI [0.22, 0.50]) and intrinsic motivation (MD = 0.75, 95% CI [0.58, 0.93]) of adolescent students (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed age effects on the impact of SEM on the basic psychological needs of adolescent students: pre-peak height velocity (PRE-PHV) (MD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.23, 0.56], I2 = 45%, P<0.01), mid-peak height velocity (MID-PHV) (MD = 0.22, 95% CI [0.01, 0.42], I2 = 82%, P<0.05), post-peak height velocity (POST-PHV) (MD = 1.27, 95% CI [0.79, 1.74], I2 = 0%, P<0.01). Similarly, age effects were found for intrinsic motivation: MID-PHV (MD = 0.86, 95% CI [0.62, 1.11], I2 = 68%, P<0.01), POST-PHV (MD = 0.56, 95% CI [0.40, 0.72], I2 = 0%, P<0.01).
CONCLUSION
The SEM is an effective approach to enhancing the basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation of adolescent students. However, it exhibits age effects among students at different developmental stages. Specifically, in terms of enhancing basic psychological needs, the model has the greatest impact on POST-PHV students, followed by PRE-PHV students, while the improvement effect is relatively lower for MID-PHV students. The enhancement effect on intrinsic motivation diminishes with increasing age.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Motivation; Students; Sports; Age Factors; Male; Female
PubMed: 38753621
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297878 -
International Journal of Nursing... Dec 2023Negative symptoms, frequently experienced by people with schizophrenia, can impair functional outcomes and quality of life. Negative symptoms typically affect... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Negative symptoms, frequently experienced by people with schizophrenia, can impair functional outcomes and quality of life. Negative symptoms typically affect motivation, communication, and the ability to live independently and are difficult to treat. Several meta-analyses suggest that cognitive behavioural therapy results in a modest reduction in negative symptoms. It is unclear if similar effects can be achieved using behavioural activation. Behavioural activation is a derivative of cognitive behavioural therapy that helps to improve social and emotional functioning by encouraging patients to engage in activities that they value whilst modifying the avoidance responses. Behavioural activation can be a standalone treatment for depressive symptoms that is equally as efficacious as cognitive behavioural therapy.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to identify and summarise the evidence about the efficacy of behavioural activation in treating negative symptoms.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS
Two published studies conducted in South Korea and the United Kingdom recruited 55 patients.
METHOD
We searched five databases and four trial registries for clinical treatment trials of behavioural activation involving adults diagnosed with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies were screened according to the inclusion criteria and assessed for quality.
RESULTS
We identified 5023 published studies. After removing duplicates and conducting screening, two studies were included in this review. One study used a parallel non-randomised trial design whilst the other adopted a single group test-re-test design. Fifty-five participants were recruited from hospital and community settings. Both studies delivered 10 face-to-face sessions of behavioural activation; these were individual in one study and group sessions in the other. One study involved behavioural activation as the treatment whilst the other delivered behavioural activation with motivational interviewing. Neither study reported harms or adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the included studies, there is low-quality evidence that behavioural activation may be helpful in the treatment of negative symptoms. Key limitations of the studies include small sample sizes and overall low study quality.
STUDY REGISTRATION
The protocol covering this review was registered with Open Science on 18 February 2022 (Registration DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/57QSW; Weblink: https://osf.io/57qsw).
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Behavioural activation holds promise in supporting patients experiencing negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
PubMed: 38746587
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100132 -
International Journal of Nursing... Dec 2023Intensive care units deliver care to a heterogeneous group of patients with pre-existing co-morbid disease. Focus has shifted to improving health related quality of life... (Review)
Review
Patients' experiences and perspectives of post-hospital follow-up care to improve physical recovery for intensive care survivors: A systematic review of qualitative research.
BACKGROUND
Intensive care units deliver care to a heterogeneous group of patients with pre-existing co-morbid disease. Focus has shifted to improving health related quality of life with more patients surviving beyond hospital discharge. Randomised controlled trials evaluating follow-up interventions, to improve physical recovery, have not demonstrated a health-related quality of life benefit. Qualitative research may provide the context to understand the experiences of intensive care survivors during follow-up care addressing physical limitations.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesise qualitative studies and explore Intensive Care survivors' experiences and perspectives of physical symptoms in the context of follow-up care.
SETTINGS
A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Ovid Nursing and Ovid Emcare) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed primary qualitative studies. No date parameters were applied. Inclusion/exclusion criteria guided the screening process.
PARTICIPANTS
The data from eligible primary research studies was extracted into NVivo (v12).
METHODS
Critical appraisal was completed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke (2022), informed the data synthesis.
RESULTS
From 2457 studies, ten relevant studies were included. Two main themes were identified: 1. Recovery as uncertain; which outlines the uncertainty experienced by intensive care unit survivors during recovery. This theme pertained to system-level factors (role of healthcare professional and information provision) which provides the context for delivering follow-up care. 2. Self-determination of recovery; outlines individual characteristics in determining recovery which is conceptualised by patient-level factors (motivation, support network and perception of health).
CONCLUSIONS
For intensive care survivors, the recovery trajectory is uncertain with a gap in information provision during the acute phase following hospital discharge. Patients' self-determination of recovery is an important consideration to ensure follow-up care addresses the needs of individual patients. The impact of pre-existing co-morbid disease and subgroups of patients deriving benefit from follow-up care remains uncertain.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO Registration no. CRD42022355711.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Patients' experiences of post-hospital follow-up care to improve physical recovery for intensive care survivors: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research.
PubMed: 38746570
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100168 -
Cureus Apr 2024Psychological empowerment is a motivational concept that encompasses a person's thoughts and perceptions that give a sense of behavior and commitment to the work.... (Review)
Review
Psychological empowerment is a motivational concept that encompasses a person's thoughts and perceptions that give a sense of behavior and commitment to the work. Psychological empowerment is widely acknowledged to be associated with nurses' job satisfaction. However, this relationship has been found to be controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and nurses' job satisfaction. The electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were utilized to search for relevant studies published from 2001 to 2024. The correlation coefficients were extracted for each eligible study and transformed into Fisher's Z. Then, the pooled effect size (r coefficient) was computed using Fisher's Z and the corresponding standard error. Moreover, I was used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. Begg's rank and Egger's test were employed to assess the publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was utilized to measure the robustness of study findings using the one-leave-out approach, and a critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies was adopted to assess the quality of included studies. A total of 18 studies were selected for analysis with a total sample of 6,353 nurses from different countries. The included studies ranged from moderate to high quality based on the quality assessment checklist. The pooled effect size for the correlation between psychological empowerment and nurses' job satisfaction was 0.512 (95% confidence interval = 0.406-0.604) with mild-to-moderate heterogeneity. Moreover, the majority of the studies confirmed a positive relationship between the two measured concepts. This study presents evidence indicating that psychological empowerment has a sensible relationship with nurses' job satisfaction. Therefore, nurse administrators should implement tailored strategies to trigger nurses' psychological empowerment, aiming to boost job satisfaction and reduce turnover and burnout. However, additional studies are essential to establish a causal relationship.
PubMed: 38745802
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58228