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Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and... Feb 2022Due to the limited therapeutic options after ischemic stroke, gene therapy has emerged as a promising choice, especially with recent advances in viral vector delivery...
Due to the limited therapeutic options after ischemic stroke, gene therapy has emerged as a promising choice, especially with recent advances in viral vector delivery systems. Therefore, we aimed to provide the current state of the art of lentivirus (LV) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene interventions in preclinical ischemic stroke models. A systematic analysis including qualitative and quantitative syntheses of studies published until December 2020 was performed. Most of the 87 selected publications used adult male rodents and the preferred stroke model was transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. LV and AAV vectors were equally used for transgene delivery, however loads of AAVs were higher than LVs. Serotypes having broad cell tropism, the use of constitutive promoters, and virus delivery before the stroke induction via stereotaxic injection in the cortex and striatum were preferred in the analyzed studies. The meta-analysis based on infarct volume as the primary outcome confirmed the efficacy of the preclinical interventions. The quality assessment exposed publication bias and setbacks in regard to risks of bias and study relevance. The translational potential could increase by using specific cell targeting, post-stroke interventions, non-invasive systematic delivery, and use of large animals.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dependovirus; Disease Models, Animal; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Lentivirus
PubMed: 34427147
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X211039997 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Jan 2021Cutaneous manifestation of COVID 19 in children has not yet been reviewed systematically. Hence, this review gives the clinicians a future direction to be vigilant for... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous manifestation of COVID 19 in children has not yet been reviewed systematically. Hence, this review gives the clinicians a future direction to be vigilant for skin presentations during pandemics. The Pubmed database used for literature search with keywords COVID 19, children, and skin in different combinations. Articles published in English with cases of age one month to 18 years were eligible. The outcome included varied aspects of cutaneous and COVID 19 infection. The authors did not register review protocol. Of 51 publications identified, 13 studies containing 149 children met the eligibility criteria. Acrally located erythematous maculopapular lesion was the most common finding in 138 children. The researcher reported Erythema multiforme, varicella like exanthem, and Kawasaki disease like presentations in the rest of the cases. The duration of the skin lesion was 1 2 weeks in 43%. Skin biopsy done in 18 patients revealed superficial and deep perivascular and peri eccrine lymphocytic infiltrate and lymphocytic vasculitis. RT PCR was positive13.8% cases. Serological markers for HSV, parvovirus B19 analyzed across various studies, were negative, except positive mycoplasma pneumonia in 2 of 20 cases tested. Clinicopathologic analysis established chilblains like lesion in 43% cases with no confirmed etiology like cold exposure, autoimmune dysfunction, drug reaction, or viral infection. The usual cephalo caudal spread of a viral exanthem was also missing. However, a low number of discussed cases was a limitation of the study. The absence of any confirmed etiology for such cutaneous manifestations, the possibility of COVID 19, should be explored and thoroughly evaluated and isolated during such a pandemic.
PubMed: 34017709
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1389_20 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2021A significant number of studies invoked diabetes as a risk factor for virus infections, but the issue remains controversial. We aimed to examine whether non-autoimmune... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A significant number of studies invoked diabetes as a risk factor for virus infections, but the issue remains controversial. We aimed to examine whether non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus enhances the risk of virus infections compared with the risk in healthy individuals without non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed case-control and cohort studies on the association between non-autoimmune diabetes and viruses. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science with no language restriction, to identify articles published until February 15, 2021. The main outcome assessment was the risk of virus infection in individuals with non-autoimmune diabetes. We used a random-effects model to pool individual studies and assessed heterogeneity (I) using the χ2 test on Cochrane's Q statistic. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019134142. Out of 3136 articles identified, we included 68 articles (90 studies, as the number of virus and or diabetes phenotype varied between included articles). The summary OR between non-autoimmune diabetes and virus infections risk were, 10.8(95% CI: 10.3-11.4; 1-study) for SARS-CoV-2; 3.6(95%CI: 2.7-4.9, I = 91.7%; 43-studies) for HCV; 2.7(95% CI: 1.3-5.4, I = 89.9%, 8-studies;) for HHV8; 2.1(95% CI: 1.7-2.5; 1-study) for H1N1 virus; 1.6(95% CI: 1.2-2.13, I = 98.3%, 27-studies) for HBV; 1.5(95% CI: 1.1-2.0; 1-study) for HSV1; 3.5(95% CI: 0.6-18.3 , I = 83.9%, 5-studies) for CMV; 2.9(95% CI: 1-8.7, 1-study) for TTV; 2.6(95% CI: 0.7-9.1, 1-study) for Parvovirus B19; 0.7(95% CI: 0.3-1.5 , 1-study) for coxsackie B virus; and 0.2(95% CI: 0-6.2; 1-study) for HGV. Our findings suggest that, non-autoimmune diabetes is associated with increased susceptibility to viruses especially SARS-CoV-2, HCV, HHV8, H1N1 virus, HBV and HSV1. Thus, these viruses deserve more attention from diabetes health-care providers, researchers, policy makers, and stakeholders for improved detection, overall proper management, and efficient control of viruses in people with non-autoimmune diabetes.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Risk Factors; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 33903699
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88598-6 -
PloS One 2020Wheezing is a major problem in children, and respiratory viruses are often believed to be the causative agent. While molecular detection tools enable identification of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Wheezing is a major problem in children, and respiratory viruses are often believed to be the causative agent. While molecular detection tools enable identification of respiratory viruses in wheezing children, it remains unclear if and how these viruses are associated with wheezing. The objective of this systematic review is to clarify the prevalence of different respiratory viruses in children with wheezing.
METHODS
We performed an electronic in Pubmed and Global Index Medicus on 01 July 2019 and manual search. We performed search of studies that have detected common respiratory viruses in children ≤18 years with wheezing. We included only studies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Study data were extracted and the quality of articles assessed. We conducted sensitivity, subgroup, publication bias, and heterogeneity analyses using a random effects model.
RESULTS
The systematic review included 33 studies. Rhinovirus, with a prevalence of 35.6% (95% CI 24.6-47.3, I2 98.4%), and respiratory syncytial virus, at 31.0% (95% CI 19.9-43.3, I2 96.4%), were the most common viruses detected. The prevalence of other respiratory viruses was as follows: human bocavirus 8.1% (95% CI 5.3-11.3, I2 84.6%), human adenovirus 7.7% (95% CI 2.6-15.0, I2 91.0%), influenza virus6.5% (95% CI 2.2-12.6, I2 92.4%), human metapneumovirus5.8% (95% CI 3.4-8.8, I2 89.0%), enterovirus 4.3% (95% CI 0.1-12.9, I2 96.2%), human parainfluenza virus 3.8% (95% CI 1.5-6.9, I2 79.1%), and human coronavirus 2.2% (95% CI 0.6-4.4, I2 79.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus may contribute to the etiology of wheezing in children. While the clinical implications of molecular detection of respiratory viruses remains an interesting question, this study helps to illuminate the potential of role respiratory viruses in pediatric wheezing.
REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, CRD42018115128.
Topics: Bocavirus; Child; Child, Preschool; Coronavirus; Humans; Orthomyxoviridae; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Respiratory Sounds; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 33315873
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243735 -
Virology Journal Dec 2020Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs, causing a highly infectious disease. Monitoring CPV-2 spread is an important part of prevention;... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs, causing a highly infectious disease. Monitoring CPV-2 spread is an important part of prevention; however, the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 have not been systematically evaluated and analyzed in mainland China. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 in domestic dogs in mainland China.
METHODS
In this study, Chinese and English literature on CPV-2 epidemiology published between January 2006 and December 2019 was evaluated. Regarding meta-analysis, the random-effect model was employed by forest plot with 95% of confidence interval. The number of CPV-2 infections was identified and the pooled prevalence of infection, as well as the epidemiological characteristics, was calculated using meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 39 studies (data from 137,844 dogs) met the evaluation criteria and were used in our study. The pooled prevalence of CPV-2 infection in mainland China was 36%. CPV-2 infection were associated with age, breed, sampling season and immunization status, but not with gender, publication time and diagnostic methods.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicated that CPV-2 is prevalent among dogs in China. It is therefore necessary to carry out continuous surveillance and epidemiological studies of CPV-2. In addition, accordingly, effective measures should be taken to prevent the transmission and spread of CPV-2 among the Chinese dog population.
Topics: Animals; China; DNA, Viral; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Pets; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 33308261
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01462-3 -
PloS One 2020The advent of genome amplification assays has allowed description of new respiratory viruses and to reconsider the role played by certain respiratory viruses in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The advent of genome amplification assays has allowed description of new respiratory viruses and to reconsider the role played by certain respiratory viruses in bronchiolitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was initiated to clarify the prevalence of respiratory viruses in children with bronchiolitis in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic era.
METHODS
We performed an electronic search through Pubmed and Global Index Medicus databases. We included observational studies reporting the detection rate of common respiratory viruses in children with bronchiolitis using molecular assays. Data was extracted and the quality of the included articles was assessed. We conducted sensitivity, subgroups, publication bias, and heterogeneity analyses using a random effect model.
RESULTS
The final meta-analysis included 51 studies. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) was largely the most commonly detected virus 59.2%; 95% CI [54.7; 63.6]). The second predominant virus was Rhinovirus (RV) 19.3%; 95% CI [16.7; 22.0]) followed by Human bocavirus (HBoV) 8.2%; 95% CI [5.7; 11.2]). Other reported viruses included Human Adenovirus (HAdV) 6.1%; 95% CI [4.4; 8.0]), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) 5.4%; 95% CI [4.4; 6.4]), Human Parainfluenzavirus (HPIV) 5.4%; 95% CI [3.8; 7.3]), Influenza 3.2%; 95% CI [2.2; 4.3], Human Coronavirus (HCoV) 2.9%; 95% CI [2.0; 4.0]), and Enterovirus (EV) 2.9%; 95% CI [1.6; 4.5]). HRSV was the predominant virus involved in multiple detection and most codetections were HRSV + RV 7.1%, 95% CI [4.6; 9.9]) and HRSV + HBoV 4.5%, 95% CI [2.4; 7.3]).
CONCLUSIONS
The present study has shown that HRSV is the main cause of bronchiolitis in children, we also have Rhinovirus, and Bocavirus which also play a significant role. Data on the role played by SARS-CoV-2 in children with acute bronchiolitis is needed.
REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, CRD42018116067.
Topics: Bronchiolitis, Viral; Female; Human bocavirus; Humans; Infant; Male; Prevalence; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rhinovirus
PubMed: 33180855
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242302 -
Planta Medica Oct 2020Viruses have a high mutation rate, and, thus, there is a continual emergence of new antiviral-resistant strains. Therefore, it becomes imperative to explore and develop...
Viruses have a high mutation rate, and, thus, there is a continual emergence of new antiviral-resistant strains. Therefore, it becomes imperative to explore and develop new antiviral compounds continually. The search for pharmacological substances of plant origin that are effective against animal viruses, which have a high mortality rate or cause large economic losses, has garnered interest in the last few decades. This systematic review compiles 130 plant species that exhibit antiviral activity on 37 different virus species causing serious diseases in animals. The kind of extract, fraction, or compound exhibiting the antiviral activity and the design of the trial were particularly considered for review. The literature revealed details regarding plant species exhibiting antiviral activities against pathogenic animal virus species of the following families-, and that cause infections, among others, in poultry, cattle, pigs, horses, shrimps, and fish. Overall, 30 plant species exhibited activity against various influenza viruses, most of them causing avian influenza. Furthermore, 30 plant species were noted to be active against Newcastle disease virus. In addition, regarding the pathogens most frequently investigated, this review provides a compilation of 20 plant species active against bovine herpesvirus, 16 against fowlpox virus, 12 against white spot syndrome virus in marine shrimps, and 10 against suide herpesvirus. Nevertheless, some plant extracts, particularly their compounds, are promising candidates for the development of new antiviral remedies, which are urgently required.
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cattle; Horses; Orthomyxoviridae; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Swine; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 32777833
DOI: 10.1055/a-1224-6115 -
BMJ Open Jul 2020The aetiology and burden of viral-induced acute liver failure remains unclear globally. It is important to understand the epidemiology of viral-induced ALF to plan for...
OBJECTIVES
The aetiology and burden of viral-induced acute liver failure remains unclear globally. It is important to understand the epidemiology of viral-induced ALF to plan for clinical case management and case prevention.
PARTICIPANTS
This systematic review was conducted to synthesize data on the relative contribution of different viruses to the aetiology of viral-induced acute liver failure in an attempt to compile evidence that is currently missing in the field. EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature published from 2009 to 2019. The initial search was run on 9 April 2019 and updated via PubMed on 30 September 2019 with no new eligible studies to include. Twenty-five eligible studies were included in the results of this review.
RESULTS
This systematic review estimated the burden of acute liver failure after infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis E virus, herpes simplex virus/human herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and parvovirus B19. Data were largely missing for acute liver failure after infection with varicella-zostervirus, human parainfluenza viruses, yellow fever virus, coxsackievirus and/or adenovirus. The prevalence of hepatitis A-induced acute liver failur was markedly lower in countries with routine hepatitis A immunisation versus no routine hepatitis A immunisation. Hepatitis E virus was the most common aetiological cause of viral-induced acute liver failure reported in this review. In addition, viral-induced acute liver failure had poor outcomes as indicated by high fatality rates, which appear to increase with poor economic status of the studied countries.
CONCLUSIONS
Immunisation against hepatitis A and hepatitis B should be prioritised in low-income and middle-income countries to prevent high viral-induced acute liver failure mortality rates, especially in settings where resources for managing acute liver failure are lacking. The expanded use of hepatitis E immunisation should be explored as hepatitis E virus was the most common cause of acute liver failure.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017079730.
Topics: Cytomegalovirus; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 32690747
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037473 -
Medicine Apr 2020Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection exhibits a broad range of clinical outcomes. Blood transfusion is a common route of B19V transmission. However, information about... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection exhibits a broad range of clinical outcomes. Blood transfusion is a common route of B19V transmission. However, information about the overall prevalence of B19V infection and B19V genotypes among blood donors in mainland China is lacking.
METHODS
This meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search for studies reporting the B19V prevalence among blood donors in mainland China from 2000 to 2018 was performed. The prevalence of B19V was estimated through a meta-analysis of the relevant literature. A comprehensive meta-analysis program was used for data processing and statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-one eligible articles were included, involving 48,923 participants assessed for B19V-DNA, 12,948 participants assessed for anti-B19V immunoglobulin M (IgM), and 8244 participants assessed for anti-B19V immunoglobulin G (IgG). The analysis revealed the pooled estimates of the prevalence rates of B19V-DNA, anti-B19V IgM, and anti-B19V IgG among blood donors to be 0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2-2.4%), 2.7% (95% CI 1.7-4.3%), and 33.6% (95% CI 28.2-39.4%), respectively. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses indicated that 142 of 169 (84.0%) B19V isolates belonged to Genotype 1.
CONCLUSIONS
The overall prevalence of B19V among blood donors is not high in mainland China, and most isolates belong to Genotype 1.
Topics: Blood Donors; Blood Transfusion; China; DNA, Viral; Genotype; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus B19, Human; Prevalence
PubMed: 32332630
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019832 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Dec 2019To evaluate the performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) ≥ 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) for the prediction of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) ≥ 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia, in untransfused and transfused fetuses.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed to identify relevant observational studies reported in the period 2008-2018 that evaluated the performance of MCA-PSV, using a threshold of 1.5 MoM for the prediction of fetal anemia. Diagnosis of fetal anemia by blood sampling was the reference standard. A hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristics (hSROC) curve was constructed using random-effects modeling. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses, according to the number of previous intrauterine transfusions, were performed.
RESULTS
Twelve studies and 696 fetuses were included in the meta-analysis. The area under the hSROC curve (AUC) for moderate-severe anemia was 83%. Pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 79% (70-86%) and 73% (62-82%), respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.94 (95% CI, 2.13-4.00) and 0.272 (95% CI, 0.188-0.371). When considering only untransfused fetuses, prediction improved, achieving an AUC of 87%, sensitivity of 86% (95% CI, 75-93%) and specificity of 71% (95% CI, 49-87%). A decline in sensitivity for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia by MCA-PSV ≥1.5 MoM was observed (estimate, -5.5% (95% CI, -10.7 to -0.3%), P = 0.039) as the number of previous transfusions increased.
CONCLUSIONS
MCA-PSV ≥ 1.5 MoM for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia in untransfused fetuses shows moderate accuracy (86% sensitivity and 71% specificity), which declines with increasing number of intrauterine transfusions. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Topics: Anemia; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Middle Cerebral Artery; Observational Studies as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 30932276
DOI: 10.1002/uog.20273