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Sexual Medicine Dec 2020Active debate concerns whether male circumcision (MC) affects sexual function, penile sensation, or sexual pleasure. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Active debate concerns whether male circumcision (MC) affects sexual function, penile sensation, or sexual pleasure.
AIM
To perform a systematic review examining the effect of MC on these parameters.
METHODS
PRISMA-compliant searches of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were performed, with "circumcision" used together with appropriate search terms. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were rated for quality by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network system.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Evidence rated by quality.
RESULTS
Searches identified 46 publications containing original data, as well as 4 systematic reviews (2 with meta-analyses), plus 29 critiques of various studies and 15 author replies, which together comprised a total of 94 publications. There was overall consistency in conclusions arising from high- and moderate-quality survey data in randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, physiological studies, large longitudinal studies, and cohort studies in diverse populations. Those studies found MC has no or minimal adverse effect on sexual function, sensation, or pleasure, with some finding improvements. A consensus from physiological and histological studies was that the glans and underside of the shaft, not the foreskin, are involved in neurological pathways mediating erogenous sensation. In contrast to the higher quality evidence, data supporting adverse effects of MC on function, sensation, or pleasure were found to be of low quality, as explained in critiques of those studies.
CONCLUSION
The consensus of the highest quality literature is that MC has minimal or no adverse effect, and in some studies, it has benefits on sexual functions, sensation, satisfaction, and pleasure for males circumcised neonatally or in adulthood. Morris BJ, Krieger JN. The Contrasting Evidence Concerning the Effect of Male Circumcision on Sexual Function, Sensation, and Pleasure: A Systematic Review. Sex Med 2020;8:577-598.
PubMed: 33008776
DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.08.011 -
JAMA Network Open Aug 2020Anhedonia, a reduced capacity for pleasure, is described for many psychiatric and neurologic conditions. However, a decade after the Research Domain Criteria launch,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Anhedonia, a reduced capacity for pleasure, is described for many psychiatric and neurologic conditions. However, a decade after the Research Domain Criteria launch, whether anhedonia severity differs between diagnoses is still unclear. Reference values for hedonic capacity in healthy humans are also needed.
OBJECTIVE
To generate and compare reference values for anhedonia levels in adults with and without mental illness.
DATA SOURCES
Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to list all articles from January 1, 1995 to July 2, 2019, citing the scale development report of a widely used anhedonia questionnaire, the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). Searches were conducted from April 5 to 11, 2018, and on July 2, 2019.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies including healthy patients and those with a verified diagnosis, assessed at baseline or in a no-treatment condition with the complete 14-item SHAPS, were included in this preregistered meta-analysis.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Random-effects models were used to calculate mean SHAPS scores and 95% CIs separately for healthy participants and patients with current major depressive disorder (MDD), past/remitted MDD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, Parkinson disease, and chronic pain. SHAPS scores were compared between groups using meta-regression, and traditional effect size meta-analyses were conducted to estimate differences in SHAPS scores between healthy and patient samples. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Self-reported anhedonia as measured by 2 different formats of the SHAPS (possible ranges, 0-14 and 14-56 points), with higher values on both scales indicating greater anhedonia symptoms.
RESULTS
In the available literature (168 articles; 16 494 participants; 8058 [49%] female participants; aged 13-72 years), patients with current MDD, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, Parkinson disease, and chronic pain scored higher on the SHAPS than healthy participants. Within the patient groups, those with current MDD scored considerably higher than all other groups. Patients with remitted MDD scored within the healthy range (g = 0.1). This pattern replicated across SHAPS scoring methods and was consistent across point estimate and effect size analyses.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that the severity of anhedonia may differ across disorders associated with anhedonia. Whereas anhedonia in MDD affects multiple pleasure domains, patients with other conditions may experience decreased enjoyment of only a minority of life's many rewards. These findings have implications for psychiatric taxonomy development, where dimensional approaches are gaining attention. Moreover, the SHAPS reference values presented herein may be useful for researchers and clinicians assessing the efficacy of anhedonia treatments.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anhedonia; Chronic Pain; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Self Report; Young Adult
PubMed: 32789515
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13233 -
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) 2020This systematic review sought to evaluate the effectiveness of non-facilitated meaningful activities for older people with dementia in long-term care facilities....
This systematic review sought to evaluate the effectiveness of non-facilitated meaningful activities for older people with dementia in long-term care facilities. Searches were conducted in PubMed; CINAHL; EMBASE; Web of science; PsycINFO; Cochrane; ProQuest; and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify articles published between January 2004 and October 2019. A total of six studies were included. Results implied that current randomised controlled trials or controlled trials about non-facilitated meaningful activities for people with living dementia in long-term care facilitates are limited, but those included in this review were of adequate methodological quality. Meaningful non-facilitated activities, such as music, stimulated family presence, animal-like social robot PARO/plush toy and lifelike dolls, may have beneficial effects on agitation, emotional well-being, feelings of pleasure, engagement, and sleep quality. However, there remains a lack of conclusive and robust evidence to support these psychological and physiological effects of non-facilitated meaningful activities for older people with dementia living in long-term care facilities by care staff.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Dementia; Humans; Long-Term Care; Nursing Homes; Robotics; Social Interaction
PubMed: 32571584
DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.06.001 -
Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters Dec 2020Contraception is essential to preventing unintended pregnancy. While contraceptive use has increased significantly over the past decade, discontinuation and gaps in use...
Contraception is essential to preventing unintended pregnancy. While contraceptive use has increased significantly over the past decade, discontinuation and gaps in use remain common. Although women cite side effects as the reason for discontinuing or stopping methods, little is known about the specific ways in which contraception affects women's sexual experiences. This systematic scoping review aimed to understand how contraceptive-induced side effects relating to women's sexual experiences have been measured, classified, and explored in the literature, specifically in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were peer-reviewed, English-language articles published between 2003 and 2018 that examined women's sexual experiences related to their use of modern contraception, including sexual satisfaction, arousal, sexual dysfunction, discomfort, vaginal dryness, sexual frequency, and relationship or partner dynamics. Study populations were restricted to women of reproductive age in LMICs. Twenty-two studies were deemed eligible for inclusion, comprising a range of methods and geographies. Emergent sexual experience themes included: menstrual issues impacting sexual experience; libido; lubrication; sexual pleasure; dyspareunia; and female sexual function. Results highlight the variability in measures used, lack of a women-centred perspective, and void in research outside of high-income countries to study the influence of contraception on women's sexual experiences. Very few studies focused on women's sexual experiences as the primary outcome or predictor. Providers should adopt woman-centred contraceptive counselling that considers women's relationships. Further research is needed to disentangle the nuanced effects of contraception on women's sex lives, contraceptive decision-making, and method continuation.
Topics: Contraception; Contraception Behavior; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Menstruation; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 32530748
DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2020.1763652 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2020The sexual behavior of older adults, especially women, has undergone changes in recent years, though there are still certain stereotypes today related to... (Review)
Review
The sexual behavior of older adults, especially women, has undergone changes in recent years, though there are still certain stereotypes today related to pathophysiology, beliefs, culture and tradition that negatively affect older adults' sexual activity. The aim of our review is to present the main qualitative studies analyzing how physiological and psychosocial factors affect sexual behavior in older adults. A systematic review of these qualitative studies was carried out. All stages of this review were carried out peer-to-peer in order to guarantee minimized bias. A bibliographical search was completed between February and April 2019, in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed Medline, PsycINFO ProQuest and CINAHL. To analyze the findings of the selected qualitative studies, a "Thematic Synthesis Analysis" was performed, using Eppi-Reviewer 4 software (UCL Institute of Education, University of London, UK). The quality of the studies was assessed with a CASP-Qualitative-Checklist. A total of 16,608 references were screened and 18 qualitative studies were included in this review. The studies involved 2603 participants across seven countries, most being women (approximately 80%). We identified a wide variety of physiological and psychological factors that can influence the sexual behavior of older adults, such as the presence of pathologies (erectile dysfunction and menopause), the strength of spiritual beliefs, and patriarchal roles upheld by upbringings conveying that women's role is to provide men with sexual pleasure. Biological age in relation to stereotypical models of sexual behavior, emphasized as a risk factor in the contraction of sexual diseases, seems to play a relevant role as a factor limiting sexual behavior in older adults.
PubMed: 32503157
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061716 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2019Various smart services and technologies have been developed to support older adults' well-ness, make their daily tasks easier, and enhance their overall quality of life....
Various smart services and technologies have been developed to support older adults' well-ness, make their daily tasks easier, and enhance their overall quality of life. When people grow older, older adults inevitably experience a significant decrease in their physical, cognitive, and sensory capabilities, which makes them develop negative attitudes toward technology. In this regard, this study highlights that older adults require not only usable and practical spaces but also smart residential environments that can fulfill them emotionally. Research on smart environments for this population should consider the hedonic and experiential factors of interacting with technology, such as fun, fulfillment, play, and user engagement. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of smart residential environments to support positive aging and pleasurable user experience in the architecture domain. For this critical review emphasizing the pleasurable smart environment, an evaluation framework was developed, consisting of four categories: well-ness, independence, acceptance, and design. Through an extensive analysis of selected papers in the architecture domain, it was found that studies on the smart home tend to focus on utilitarian factors, such as usability, monitoring physical experiences, and simulating energy efficiency, and rarely mention psychological well-ness. Smart environments should be designed to not only emphasize efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction but also to engage older adults and provide them positive experiences. As various smart technologies continue to evolve and integrate into smart living spaces, it is important to understand older adults' cognitive and emotional aspects and make the smart environment a more comfortable place for them.
PubMed: 32038424
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03080 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2019Tobacco usage is harming the health, the treasury and the spirit of Saudi Arabia. Every year, more than 7000 of its people are killed by tobacco-caused diseases. Still,... (Review)
Review
Tobacco usage is harming the health, the treasury and the spirit of Saudi Arabia. Every year, more than 7000 of its people are killed by tobacco-caused diseases. Still, more than 20,000 children and 3,352,000 adults continue to use tobacco each day. Likewise, the usage of electronic (e)-cigarette is also increasing; this could be because of the publicity and marketing strategies adopted by the manufacturers of these products which are attracting the younger population. This review was taken up to determine the usage and attitude toward e-cigarette smoking among the Saudi population through the analysis of literature. This review identified peer-reviewed articles using several search terms and databases from 2010 to 2018. PubMed, ISI-Web of Science, Medline and Google Scholar were searched using the following alternate terms for e-cigarettes: electronic cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems following which hand search was conducted through the reference list of articles. The search results only found descriptive data on these e-cigarettes among the Saudi population. This literature review reported that the usage of these e-cigarettes was high among this population and recorded a wide variety of reasons for using e-cigarettes. Reducing tobacco use, considering e-cigarette as less harmful, less addictive, for pleasure and peer influence, lower cost and curiosity were the most commonly reported reasons. Recognizing the dangerous impact of smoking and usage of other type of tobacco, the aggressive marketing of these e-cigarettes needs to be controlled.
PubMed: 31942135
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_141_19 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Dec 2019The overall positive effects of coitus have not been estimated before. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for coitus versus everything. A search was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The overall positive effects of coitus have not been estimated before. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for coitus versus everything. A search was made in MEDLINE resulting in 1,121 hits. The authors screened studies and conducted a meta-analysis. Thirty publications randomising to coitus or something else were included. Pooled results showed a relative risk of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.96) favouring "everything else" over coitus. Subjective pleasure is not a primary outcome in any of the included studies, and trialists must have regarded this outcome as less important. In conclusion, coitus cannot be recommended based on the published randomised studies. Evaluation by evidence-based methodology makes it clear, that better alternatives exist.
Topics: Coitus; Humans
PubMed: 31908260
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Dec 2019The purpose of the present study was to conduct a review of the research on the Sport Education (SE) studies that have examined the development of students' personal and...
The purpose of the present study was to conduct a review of the research on the Sport Education (SE) studies that have examined the development of students' personal and social skills. Research articles selected were found through Web of Science, SCOPUS, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, Education Source, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES databases. The keywords "Sport Education" and "physical education" were used in different combinations. The articles were included for analysis if the following criteria were met: (i) were published in peer-reviewed international journals indexed in JCR (Journal Citation Reports) or SJR (Scientific Journal Rankings); (ii) were available in full-text; (iii) examined personal and social variables included or measured as main outcomes within the SE model. The quality of the selected studies was scored using a quality assessment list. Fifty-one studies were included. Results showed that, considering the development of social and personal competencies, the majority of SE research took place in Spain and USA in a co-educational PE context (high school). Enjoyment/satisfaction, enthusiasm and engagement were the predominant outcome measures, using a non-experimental design and multiple qualitative tools in more than half of the studies. Few studies established the fidelity of the model implementation. There is a need for future research to consider other samples, contexts, cultures and types of sports seeking to reinforce the positive impact of SE on the personal and social competencies. Longer units with a good planning, mixed and quantitative methodological designs and the report of the model fidelity would be also particularly important for future investigations.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Physical Education and Training; Pleasure; Social Skills
PubMed: 31827367
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Sexual Health Reports Dec 2019Sexual well-being and intimacy are critical to overall quality of life and retain a high degree of significance for aging individuals, even though these considerations...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Sexual well-being and intimacy are critical to overall quality of life and retain a high degree of significance for aging individuals, even though these considerations are often overlooked in older populations. Sexual health may be particularly impacted in older individuals living with HIV, especially women, as a result of both physical and psychosocial disease-specific factors. Despite this, sexuality research related to HIV has traditionally focused on risk reduction, rather than on other elements of sexual wellness. In this review, we examine several aspects of sexual well-being that may be important to older women living with HIV (OWLH).
RECENT FINDINGS
This review summarizes existing literature on sexuality in OWLH over the age of 50 and explores five themes related to sexual health: physical and emotional intimacy, desire/interest, satisfaction/pleasure, frequency of sexual activity, and abstinence. Reduced intimacy among OWLH was reported across most studies, due to stigma and disclosure concerns, lack of opportunity for relationships, and difficulty communicating sexual preferences. Data on sexual desire/interest and satisfaction/pleasure among OWLH were mixed. Frequency of sexual activity varied widely across studies, and abstinence emerged as both an intentional and inadvertent decision for OWLH. Factors related to menopause as it relates to sexuality and HIV are also discussed.
SUMMARY
Sexual health and well-being are important to women living with HIV over 50, though key components such as intimacy, desire, and pleasure remain poorly understood. As this population continues to grow, comprehensive and age-specific interventions are needed to examine positive aspects of sexuality and promote sexual wellness among OWLH.
PubMed: 34045930
DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00227-6