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Cureus Apr 2024Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) condition, and changes in the gut microbiota's composition contribute to the development of... (Review)
Review
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) condition, and changes in the gut microbiota's composition contribute to the development of symptoms. Although the precise mechanisms of probiotic use in the human body are not fully understood, probiotic supplements are believed to reduce symptoms, such as abdominal pain, by regulating neurotransmitters and receptors associated with pain modulation in IBS patients compared to placebo by altering the gut flora. This systematic review aimed to assess the most current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on how probiotic supplementation affects the symptoms in people with IBS. The effects of probiotic supplements on IBS symptoms were studied in RCTs published between January 2018 and June 2023. After a search through PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords probiotics, gut microbiota, irritable bowel syndrome, and IBS; eight articles matched the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Four trials used a multistrain probiotic, whereas the remaining four trials examined the effects of a monostrain supplement. All eight trials came to the same conclusion: Probiotic treatment may significantly reduce symptoms.
PubMed: 38752062
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58306 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary intervention and diabetic nephropathy (DN). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary intervention and diabetic nephropathy (DN).
METHODS
We conducted an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the effects of dietary intervention on DN incidence. The literature was searched via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. According to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), evidence of each outcome was evaluated and graded as "high", "moderate", "low" or "very low" quality to draw conclusions. Additionally, we classified evidence of outcomes into 4 categories.
RESULTS
We identified 36 meta-analyses of RCTs and 55 clinical outcomes of DN from 395 unique articles. Moderate-quality evidence suggested that probiotic supplementation could significantly improve blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in DN patients. Low-quality evidence indicated that probiotic supplementation significantly improved the serum creatinine concentration, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in DN patients. In addition, low-quality evidence suggested that a salt restriction diet could significantly improve the creatinine clearance rate (CrCl) in patients with DN. Low-quality evidence suggested that vitamin D supplementation could significantly improve the UACR in patients with DN. In addition, low-quality evidence has indicated that soy isoflavone supplementation could significantly improve BUN, FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C levels in patients with DN. Furthermore, low-quality evidence suggested that coenzyme Q10 supplementation could significantly improve HbA1c, TC and HDL-C in patients with DN, and dietary polyphenols also significantly improved HbA1c in patients with DN. Finally, low-quality evidence suggested that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins could significantly improve the serum creatinine concentration, systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c level in patients with DN. Given the small sample size, all significantly associated outcomes were evaluated as class IV evidence.
CONCLUSION
Moderate to low amounts of evidence suggest that supplementation with probiotics, vitamin D, soy isoflavones, coenzyme Q10, dietary polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins, or salt-restricted diets may significantly improve clinical outcomes in patients with DN.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024512670.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dietary Supplements; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 38742202
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1385872 -
Nutrients Apr 2024In this study, a systematic review of randomized clinical trials conducted from January 2000 to December 2023 was performed to examine the efficacy of... (Review)
Review
In this study, a systematic review of randomized clinical trials conducted from January 2000 to December 2023 was performed to examine the efficacy of psychobiotics-probiotics beneficial to mental health via the gut-brain axis-in adults with psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Out of the 51 studies involving 3353 patients where half received psychobiotics, there was a notably high measurement of effectiveness specifically in the treatment of depression symptoms. Most participants were older and female, with treatments commonly utilizing strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria over periods ranging from 4 to 24 weeks. Although there was a general agreement on the effectiveness of psychobiotics, the variability in treatment approaches and clinical presentations limits the comparability and generalization of the findings. This underscores the need for more personalized treatment optimization and a deeper investigation into the mechanisms through which psychobiotics act. The research corroborates the therapeutic potential of psychobiotics and represents progress in the management of psychiatric and cognitive disorders.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Probiotics; Female; Mental Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Male; Treatment Outcome; Adult; Brain-Gut Axis; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Aged; Bifidobacterium
PubMed: 38732599
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091352 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Correct nutrition and diet are directly correlated with mental health, functions of the immune system, and gut microbiota composition. Diets with a high content of some...
Correct nutrition and diet are directly correlated with mental health, functions of the immune system, and gut microbiota composition. Diets with a high content of some nutrients, such as fibers, phytochemicals, and short-chain fatty acids (omega-3 fatty acids), seem to have an anti-inflammatory and protective action on the nervous system. Among nutraceuticals, supplementation of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids plays a role in improving symptoms of several mental disorders. In this review, we collect data on the efficacy of nutraceuticals in patients with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence obtained on this topic, pointing out the direction for future research.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mental Disorders; Probiotics
PubMed: 38732043
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094824 -
Nutrition & Diabetes May 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increased fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FI),... (Review)
Review Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increased fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are observed in patients with NAFLD. Gut microbial modulation using prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has shown promise in NAFLD treatment. This meta-umbrella study aimed to investigate the effects of gut microbial modulation on glycemic indices in patients with NAFLD and discuss potential mechanisms of action.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until March 2023 for meta-analyses evaluating the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on patients with NAFLD. Random-effect models, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were employed.
RESULTS
Gut microbial therapy significantly decreased HOMA-IR (ES: -0.41; 95%CI: -0.52, -0.31; P < 0.001) and FI (ES: -0.59; 95%CI: -0.77, -0.41; P < 0.001). However, no significant effect was observed on FBS (ES: -0.17; 95%CI: -0.36, 0.02; P = 0.082). Subgroup analysis revealed prebiotics had the most potent effect on HOMA-IR, followed by probiotics and synbiotics. For FI, synbiotics had the most substantial effect, followed by prebiotics and probiotics.
CONCLUSION
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics administration significantly reduced FI and HOMA-IR, but no significant effect was observed on FBS.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Synbiotics; Glycemic Index; Insulin Resistance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin
PubMed: 38729941
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00281-7 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2024Early childhood caries is one of the most serious and high-priced oral health conditions among young children. With advancing dental sciences, the focus of dental caries... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Early childhood caries is one of the most serious and high-priced oral health conditions among young children. With advancing dental sciences, the focus of dental caries treatment is shifted from restorative procedures to preventive measures, and a modality grabbing attention is probiotics. Probiotics exert their effects in many ways as chemical inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and stimulation of the immune response through the production of immunoglobulin A and many more.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to explore the efficacy and safety of probiotics in dental caries in preschool children.
METHODOLOGY
The study was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42020159058). The search was done for randomized control trials in electronic databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Medline, and Embase. It has further included manual searches of journals, conference abstracts, and books. Three reviewers done the selection of the study as per the criteria and also did the risk of bias assessment independently and wherever required, a fourth reviewer resolved the discrepancy in case of disagreement.
RESULTS
The nine randomized control trials were included in the study, and the pooled analysis revealed probiotics as an effective intervention in preschool children with dental caries.
CONCLUSION
The results about the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries are very encouraging, though the level of evidence is still inadequate.
PubMed: 38707673
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_40_23 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of probiotics supplementation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of probiotics supplementation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
METHODS
We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu (VIP) database, Wanfang Database, Sinomed (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and Web of Science databases for eligible studies from inception to January 4th, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) comparing the effects of probiotic supplements and placebo in patients with PD. Meta-analysis was conducted with the software Review Manager 5.4. The quality assessment was performed according to Cochrane risk of bias tool.
RESULTS
A total of 11 RCTs with 756 PD patients were included in this study. We found that probiotics could increase the number of complete bowel movements (CBMs) per week and improved the scores of Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAC-QOL) (SMD = 0.73, 95 % CI: 0.54 to 0.92, P < 0.00001, I = 45 %; SMD = - 0.79, 95 % CI: - 1.19 to - 0.39, P < 0.001, I = 55 %, respectively) compared with the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in improving fecal traits and defecation efforts in PD patients (SMD = 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.01 to 1.74, P = 0.05, I = 94 %; SMD = 1.24, 95 % CI: - 1.58 to 4.06, P > 0.05, I = 98 %, respectively). In terms of PD composite scale scores: after treatment, there was no significant difference in Movement Disorder Society-Unified-Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ score (MDS-UPDRSⅢ) between the probiotic group and the placebo group (SMD = - 0.09, 95 % CI: - 0.35 to 0.16, P > 0.05, I = 0 %).
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, based on the overall results of the available RCTs studies, our results suggested the potential value of probiotics in improving constipation symptoms in PD patients. Therefore, probiotics may be one of the adjuvant therapy for PD-related constipation patients. The findings of this study provide more proof supporting the effectiveness of probiotics, encouraging probiotics to be utilized alone or in combination with other therapies in clinical practice for PD patients. However, more well-designed RCTs with large sample sizes are required.
Topics: Humans; Constipation; Dietary Supplements; Parkinson Disease; Probiotics; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38705493
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103045 -
Heliyon May 2024Probiotics are intellectually rewarding for the discovery of their potential as a source of functional food. Investigating the economic and beauty sector dynamics, this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Probiotics are intellectually rewarding for the discovery of their potential as a source of functional food. Investigating the economic and beauty sector dynamics, this study conducted a comprehensive review of scholarly articles to evaluate the capacity of probiotics to promote hair growth and manage dandruff.
METHODS
We used the PRISMA 2020 with Embase, Pubmed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and ICTRP databases to investigate studies till May 2023. Meta-analyses utilizing the random effects model were used with odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMD).
RESULT
Meta-analysis comprised eight randomized clinical trials and preclinical studies. Hair growth analysis found a non-significant improvement in hair count (SMD = 0.32, 95 % CI -0.10 to 0.75) and a significant effect on thickness (SMD = 0.92, 95 % CI 0.47 to 1.36). In preclinical studies, probiotics significantly induced hair follicle count (SMD = 3.24, 95 % CI 0.65 to 5.82) and skin thickness (SMD = 2.32, 95 % CI 0.47 to 4.17). VEGF levels increased significantly (SMD = 2.97, 95 % CI 0.80 to 5.13), while IGF-1 showed a non-significant inducement (SMD = 0.53, 95 % CI -4.40 to 5.45). For dandruff control, two studies demonstrated non-significant improvement in adherent dandruff (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI 0.13-13.65) and a significant increase in free dandruff (OR = 5.39, 95 % CI 1.50-19.43). Hair follicle count, VEGF, IGF-1, and adherent dandruff parameters were recorded with high heterogeneity. For the systematic review, probiotics have shown potential in improving hair growth and controlling dandruff through modulation of the immune pathway and gut-hair axis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, IGF-1 pathway, and VEGF are key molecular pathways in regulating hair follicle growth and maintenance.
CONCLUSIONS
This review found significant aspects exemplified by the properties of probiotics related to promoting hair growth and anti-dandruff effect, which serve as a roadmap for further in-depth studies to make it into pilot scales.
PubMed: 38698995
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29539 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), probiotics, rifaximin, and vaccines have been proposed as preventive modalities for patients with travelers' diarrhea (TD), but their...
Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), probiotics, rifaximin, and vaccines have been proposed as preventive modalities for patients with travelers' diarrhea (TD), but their comparative effectiveness for prevention has rarely been studied. We aimed to perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to test whether one of these modalities is more effective than the others in reducing the incidence of TD. We searched Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and clinical registries from inception of the databases through 18 November 2023, without language restriction, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of BSS, probiotics, rifaximin, and vaccines in preventing TD. The primary outcome was the incidence of TD and the safety outcome was the incidence of adverse events. The relative ratio (RR) was used to assess the effect of the modalities, and RR estimates between any two of the modalities were calculated and pooled using a frequentist network meta-analysis model. Thirty-one studies (recruiting 10,879 participants) were included in the analysis. Sixteen were judged to have a low risk of bias. In the aggregate analysis, BSS and rifaximin were more effective than placebo and other treatment modalities, which was further confirmed in the individual analysis. The comparison between rifaximin and placebo achieved high confidence, while the comparisons between BSS and placebo, ETEC and probiotics, and rifaximin and vaccines achieved moderate confidence. BSS had a higher rate of adverse events compared with other treatments. Rifaximin had a relative lower TD incidence and lower adverse event rate, and the evidence was with moderate confidence. https://osf.io/dxab6, identifier.
PubMed: 38698820
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1361501 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024It remains uncertain if the addition of () to bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) recommended in the current guidelines can enhance the () eradication rate and decrease...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
It remains uncertain if the addition of () to bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) recommended in the current guidelines can enhance the () eradication rate and decrease the incidence of adverse events. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to address this issue.
METHODS
We performed comprehensive searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases from the inception of the databases through to November 1, 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. We utilized the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to assess the risk of bias of included studies.
RESULTS
A total of six RCTs (1,404 patients) included in this meta-analysis. The results of the intention-to-treat analysis showed that the combination of with BQT had a higher eradication rate than BQT alone (87.0% versus 83.3%), with a pooled RR of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.00-1.10, = 0.03). In the per-protocol analysis, however, there was no statistical significance between the two groups in the eradication rate (93.7% versus 91.0%, RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06, = 0.07). The combination of and BQT had a significantly lower rate of overall adverse events (22% vs. 39%, RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.44-0.70, < 0.00001), diarrhea (7.9% vs. 25.7%, RR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.17-0.48, < 0.00001), constipation (2.9% vs. 8.4%, RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.88, = 0.03) and abdominal distention (4.9% vs. 12.7%, RR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23-0.72, = 0.002) than BQT alone. For the assessment of risk of bias, five studies were deemed to have some concerns, while one study was judged to have a low risk.
CONCLUSION
Current evidence suggests that supplementation with in BQT may not have a major effect on the eradication rate, but significantly reduces the incidence of overall adverse events, diarrhea, abdominal distention and constipation. Combining with BQT can help alleviate symptoms, potentially improving patient adherence.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://osf.io/n9z7c.
PubMed: 38695028
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1344702