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Animal Reproduction Science Sep 2023Mastitis is a rare condition that can be diagnosed in female cats of all breeds and ages. It is usually caused by bacterial agents and is frequently encountered... (Review)
Review
Mastitis is a rare condition that can be diagnosed in female cats of all breeds and ages. It is usually caused by bacterial agents and is frequently encountered secondarily in feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia (FEH). If left untreated, it can peril both the queen and her kittens. Therefore, a reliable and quick diagnosis is the primary key to successful treatment. Conventional diagnosis consists of a clinical and ultrasound evaluation of the queen's mammary glands. However, there is a lack of literature specifically focused on mastitis in queens. Consequently, the present review brings forth the existing knowledge regarding mammary gland inflammations in cats, with the goal of improving current clinical evaluation and treatment plans.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Female; Inflammation; Mastitis; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 37586155
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107318 -
ELife Aug 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormone disorder affecting about one in seven reproductive-aged women worldwide and approximately 6 million women in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormone disorder affecting about one in seven reproductive-aged women worldwide and approximately 6 million women in the United States (U.S.). PCOS can be a significant burden to those affected and is associated with an increased prevalence of mental health (MH) disorders such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and postpartum depression. We undertook this study to determine the excess economic burden associated with MH disorders in women with PCOS in order to allow for a more accurate prioritization of the disorder as a public health priority.
METHODS
Following PRISMA reporting guidelines for systematic review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Medline, Scopus, and PsycINFO through July 16, 2021, for studies on MH disorders in PCOS. Excluded were studies not in humans, without controls, without original data, or not peer reviewed. As anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and postpartum depression were by far the most common MH disorders assessed by the studies, we performed our meta-analysis on these disorders. Meta-analyses were performed using the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model to compute pooled estimates of prevalence ratios (PRs) for the associations between PCOS and these MH disorders and then calculated the excess direct costs related to these disorders in U.S. dollars (USD) for women suffering from PCOS in the U.S. alone. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
We screened 78 articles by title/abstract, assessed 43 articles in full text, and included 25 articles. Pooled PRs were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.52) for anxiety, 1.65 (95% CI: 1.44-1.89) for depression, 1.48 (95% CI: PR: 1.06-2.05) for eating disorders, and 1.20 (95% CI: 0.96-1.50) for postpartum depression, for PCOS relative to controls. In the U.S., the additional direct healthcare costs associated with anxiety, depression, and eating disorders in PCOS were estimated to be $1.939 billion/yr, $1.678 billion/yr, and $0.644 billion/yr in 2021 USD, respectively. Postpartum depression was excluded from the cost analyses due to the non-significant meta-analysis result. Taken together, the additional direct healthcare costs associated with anxiety, depression, and eating disorders in PCOS were estimated to be $4.261 billion/yr in 2021 USD.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the direct healthcare annual costs for the most common MH disorders in PCOS, namely anxiety, depression, and eating disorders, exceeds $4 billion in 2021 USD for the U.S. population alone. Taken together with our prior work, these data suggest that the healthcare-related economic burden of PCOS exceeds $15 billion yearly, considering the costs of PCOS diagnosis, and costs related to PCOS-associated MH, reproductive, vascular, and metabolic disorders. As PCOS has much the same prevalence across the world, the excess economic burden attributable to PCOS globally is enormous, mandating that the scientific and policy community increase its focus on this important disorder.
FUNDING
The study was supported, in part, by PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association and by the Foundation for Research and Education Excellence.
Topics: Humans; Female; United States; Adult; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Depression, Postpartum; Financial Stress; Mental Health; Anxiety
PubMed: 37534878
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.85338 -
European Journal of Endocrinology Aug 2023Postpartum depression (PPD) has a major impact on maternal and offspring well-being, with multiple possible risk factors: Studies on the association of thyroid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Association of gestational thyroid function and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity with postpartum depression: a prospective cohort study and systematic literature review with meta-analysis.
IMPORTANCE
Postpartum depression (PPD) has a major impact on maternal and offspring well-being, with multiple possible risk factors: Studies on the association of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity and thyroid function with PPD provide heterogeneous results.
OBJECTIVE
To study the association of thyroid function and TPOAb positivity with PPD.
DESIGN
We assessed the association of TPOAb and thyroid function with PPD in a population-based prospective cohort study and performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
We measured thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and TPOAb between 9- and 17-week gestation. Postpartum depression was assessed with Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale at 2-month postpartum and Brief Symptom Inventory at 2-, 6-, and 36-month postpartum. Additionally, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis assessing this association.
RESULTS
In the present study, there was no association of thyroid function with PPD (TSH: odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.58-1.19, P = .32; FT4: OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95-1.05, P = .86) or TPOAb positivity with PPD (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.47-1.33, P = .37). An impaired thyroidal response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a surrogate marker for TPOAb positivity, was associated with a lower risk of PPD (P for interaction TSH = 0.04; FT4 = 0.06). Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 3 articles that were combined with the present study. There was no statistically significant association of TPOAb positivity with PPD (OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.91-4.10, P = .08), but the results were heterogeneous (I2 = 79%).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
There was no significant association of TPOAb positivity, TSH, or FT4 with PPD. Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed high heterogeneity of the current literature. Although TPOAb-positive women should be monitored for postpartum thyroiditis, our findings do not support routinely screening for PPD.
Topics: Female; Humans; Thyroid Gland; Iodide Peroxidase; Prospective Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Autoantibodies; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine
PubMed: 37486224
DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad092 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2023The current study endeavored to systematically integrate and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of interpersonal psychological interventions for postpartum... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The current study endeavored to systematically integrate and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of interpersonal psychological interventions for postpartum depression patients.
METHODS
Four electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science were employed for literature retrieval, and the search time was from the inception of the database to May 30, 2022. Literature screening and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers.
RESULTS
A total of 528 studies were screened, and 9 of them were finally included. There were 1012 subjects, 518 of them were assigned in experimental group and 494 in control. Evidence from interpersonal psychological interventions indicated that the data on postpartum depression, satisfaction with family, and social support in both groups after intervention included: depression score [MD = -2.80, 95%CI (-3.86 to -1.74), P < 0.05], satisfaction score [MD = 8.41, 95%CI (1.49 to -15.33), P < 0.05], and social support score [MD = 1.83, 95%CI (-2.10 to -5.76)] of postpartum depression patients. P values < 0.05 indicated substantial improvement as compared to control.
LIMITATIONS
During the research process, it is impossible for the experimental group and the researchers to use double-blind trials simultaneously, which may present a Hawthorne effect, but this can be avoided by general psychological intervention for the control.
CONCLUSIONS
Interpersonal psychotherapy could improve depression in patients with postpartum depression, but the appropriate intervention time was between 4 and 8 weeks, and it also improved satisfaction with family of patients, and the longer the intervention, the higher the satisfaction with the family.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Psychotherapy; Depression; Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Social Support; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37459968
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.067 -
Archives of Women's Mental Health Oct 2023Working mothers are at greater risk for postpartum depression. Maternity leave characteristics, including length, wage replacement and employment protection, could have... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Working mothers are at greater risk for postpartum depression. Maternity leave characteristics, including length, wage replacement and employment protection, could have relevant implications for mothers' mental health. We propose to explore whether there is an association between maternity leave characteristics and postpartum depression.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review searching for randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cohort or cross-sectional studies on five databases using search terms including maternity and parental leave and depression, as well as references in relevant articles. We identified 500 articles and included 23 of those. We used the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies to assess the quality of the studies.
RESULTS
Paid and longer maternity leaves tend to be associated with a reduction of postpartum depression symptoms in high-income countries. No studies explored the association between employment protection and postpartum depression. The quality of studies ranged from strong to weak, mostly influenced by study design.
CONCLUSION
More restrictive maternity leave policies tend to be associated with higher rates of postpartum depression, although more research needs to be conducted in the Global South.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Depression, Postpartum; Parental Leave; Cross-Sectional Studies; Time Factors; Employment; Policy
PubMed: 37458837
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01350-z -
Musculoskeletal Surgery Jun 2024The aim of the present study is to systematically review the current literature about diagnosis and treatment of acute inflammatory sacroiliitis in pregnant or... (Review)
Review
The aim of the present study is to systematically review the current literature about diagnosis and treatment of acute inflammatory sacroiliitis in pregnant or post-partum women. A systematic search was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data about clinical presentation, diagnosis methods and treatment strategies were retrieved from included studies and reported in a table. After screening, five studies on 34 women were included; they were all affected by acute inflammatory sacroiliitis. Clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging were used to confirm diagnosis. In four studies, patients were treated with ultrasound-guided sacroiliac injections of steroids and local anesthetics, while one study used only manual mobilization. Clinical scores improved in all patients. Ultrasound-guided injections proved to be a safe and effective strategy for inflammatory sacroiliitis treatment during pregnancy or post-partum.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Sacroiliitis; Pregnancy Complications; Postpartum Period; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Acute Disease; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Puerperal Disorders; Anesthetics, Local; Adult
PubMed: 37338751
DOI: 10.1007/s12306-023-00786-x -
Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita 2023This review aims to synthesise the studies that have estimated the prevalence of perinatal depression in Italy, summarising the results of the existing literature based... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
This review aims to synthesise the studies that have estimated the prevalence of perinatal depression in Italy, summarising the results of the existing literature based on their quality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Systematic searches were conducted in four major databases, and a random effect meta-analysis was performed to achieve the pooled variance of perinatal depression.
RESULTS
The pooled prepartum risk of depression prevalence was 20.2% (CI 95% 15.3-24.5) while the postpartum risk of depression prevalence was 27.5% (CI 95% 17.8-37.3) for an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) cut-off score ≥9 and 11.1% (CI 95% 6.0-16.2) for an EPDS cut-off score ≥12. Significant publication bias was found and was determined by the presence of a small study with a low prevalence and a large study with a high prevalence.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of perinatal risk of depression is similar to that reported in other countries. The high prevalence of prepartum risk suggests the need to activate specific prevention actions during this period.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Prevalence; Italy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 37337989
DOI: 10.4415/ANN_23_02_07 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jun 2023This study explored whether psychosocial intervention applications (apps) are effective in preventing postpartum depression. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This study explored whether psychosocial intervention applications (apps) are effective in preventing postpartum depression.
METHODS
We conducted an initial article search on 26 March 2020, and the updated search on 17 March 2023 on the electronic databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE via Ovid, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Furthermore, we searched the International Clinical Trials Platform Search Portal (ICTRP), and Clinical Trials.
RESULTS
We identified 2515 references, and sixteen studies were ultimately included in this review. We conducted a meta-analysis of two studies on the onset of postpartum depression. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.04; P = 0.570). We performed a meta-analysis of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The intervention group had significantly lower EPDS scores than the control group (mean difference -0.96; 95% CI -1.44 to -0.48; P < 0.001, I2 = 82%, Chi = 62.75, P < 0.001; high heterogeneity).
CONCLUSION
This study presents the results of current RCTs on interventions with apps, including an app with an automated psychosocial component for preventing postpartum depression that has been conducted. These apps improved the EPDS score; furthermore, they may prevent postpartum depression.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Mobile Applications; Databases, Factual; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychosocial Intervention
PubMed: 37316768
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05749-5 -
Archives of Women's Mental Health Aug 2023Maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding problems each predict poorer offspring outcomes. They are also related to each other, yet the extensive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding problems each predict poorer offspring outcomes. They are also related to each other, yet the extensive literature reporting their association has not been meta-analysed.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest DTG, and OATD for English-language peer-reviewed and grey literature reporting an association between mother-infant bonding, and multiple indicators of maternal psychological distress.
RESULTS
We included 133 studies representing 118 samples; 99 samples (110,968 mothers) were eligible for meta-analysis. Results showed concurrent associations across a range of timepoints during the first year postpartum, between bonding problems and depression (r = .27 [95% CI 0.20, 0.35] to r = .47 [95% CI 0.41, 0.53]), anxiety (r = .27 [95% CI 0.24, 0.31] to r = .39 [95% CI 0.15, 0.59]), and stress (r = .46 [95% CI 0.40, 0.52]). Associations between antenatal distress and subsequent postpartum bonding problems were mostly weaker and with wider confidence intervals: depression (r = .20 [95% CI 0.14, 0.50] to r = .25 [95% CI 0.64, 0.85]), anxiety (r = .16 [95% CI 0.10, 0.22]), and stress (r = .15 [95% CI - 0.67, 0.80]). Pre-conception depression and anxiety were associated with postpartum bonding problems (r = - 0.17 [95% CI - 0.22, - 0.11]).
CONCLUSION
Maternal psychological distress is associated with postpartum mother-infant bonding problems. Co-occurrence of psychological distress and bonding problems is common, but should not be assumed. There may be benefit in augmenting existing perinatal screening programs with well-validated mother-infant bonding measures.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant; Humans; Mothers; Mother-Child Relations; Postpartum Period; Parturition; Anxiety; Obstetric Labor Complications; Object Attachment; Depression, Postpartum
PubMed: 37316760
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01332-1 -
PloS One 2023Most research about outcomes following postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) has focused on immediate outcomes. There are fewer studies investigating longer-term maternal... (Review)
Review
Primary postpartum haemorrhage and longer-term physical, psychological, and psychosocial health outcomes for women and their partners in high income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.
OBJECTIVES
Most research about outcomes following postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) has focused on immediate outcomes. There are fewer studies investigating longer-term maternal morbidity following PPH, resulting in a significant knowledge gap. This review aimed to synthesize the evidence about the longer-term physical and psychological consequences of primary PPH for women and their partners from high income settings.
METHODS
The review was registered with PROSPERO and five electronic databases were searched. Studies were independently screened against the eligibility criteria by two reviewers and data were extracted from both quantitative and qualitative studies that reported non-immediate health outcomes of primary PPH.
RESULTS
Data were included from 24 studies, of which 16 were quantitative, five were qualitative and three used mixed-methods. The included studies were of mixed methodological quality. Of the nine studies reporting outcomes beyond five years after birth, only two quantitative studies and one qualitative study had a follow-up period longer than ten years. Seven studies reported outcomes or experiences for partners. The evidence indicated that women with PPH were more likely to have persistent physical and psychological health problems after birth compared with women who did not have a PPH. These problems, including PTSD symptoms and cardiovascular disease, may be severe and extend for many years after birth and were more pronounced after a severe PPH, as indicated by a blood transfusion or hysterectomy. There was limited evidence about outcomes for partners after PPH, but conflicting evidence of association between PTSD and PPH among partners who witnessed PPH.
CONCLUSION
This review explored existing evidence about longer-term physical and psychological health outcomes among women who had a primary PPH in high income countries, and their partners. While the evidence about health outcomes beyond five years after PPH is limited, our findings indicate that women can experience long lasting negative impacts after primary PPH, including PTSD symptoms and cardiovascular disease, extending for many years after birth.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020161144.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cardiovascular Diseases; Developed Countries; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Databases, Factual; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37315027
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274041