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BMC Oral Health Jan 2024Gene sequencing (GS) has numerous applications in combatting oral-cavity related disorders, including identifying genetic risk factors for diseases, developing targeted... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Gene sequencing (GS) has numerous applications in combatting oral-cavity related disorders, including identifying genetic risk factors for diseases, developing targeted therapies, and improving diagnostic methods. It can help identify specific genetic mutations or variations that increase the risk of developing oral-cavity related disorders, such as oral cancer, periodontal disease, and cleft lip and palate. By the means of the following investigation, our primary objective was to assess the impact of GS technique in diagnosing and potentially treating diseases of the oral cavity by the means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. We commenced by defining the terms "gene sequencing," "oral cavity," and "disorders" as the important elements in our investigation's subject. Next, relevant databases like PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords and synonyms for each concept, such as "genomic sequencing," "DNA sequencing," "oral health," "oral diseases," "dental caries," "periodontal disease," "oral cancer," and "salivary gland disorders." We combined several search terms, such as "gene sequencing AND oral disorders AND periodontal disease" or "oral cancer OR genomic sequencing," to further hone your search results using Boolean operators like "AND" and "OR." The oral cavity analysis obtained by CS in the selected articles revealed that most of the disorders were, in fact, a direct causal event influenced by the oral microbiome. Moreover, each sampled oral cavity evidenced a different microbial community, which predicted the precipitation of benign as well as malignant conditions, though not on a definitive basis. In the last ten years, genomic sequencing had advanced remarkably as majority of our selected studies observed, making it possible to diagnose and treat a variety of oral and maxillofacial disorders, including cancer. It was also used to ascertain a person's genetic make-up as well as to spot numerous genetic abnormalities that can predispose individuals to diseases. Understanding the different sequencing techniques and the resulting genetic anomalies may help with their clinical application and lead to an improvement in illness diagnosis and prognosis as a whole in the field of dentistry.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38233799
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03541-7 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2024Intraoral adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) arising from minor salivary glands (MSG) is a rare malignancy associated with delayed diagnosis and unfavorable outcomes. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Intraoral adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) arising from minor salivary glands (MSG) is a rare malignancy associated with delayed diagnosis and unfavorable outcomes. This study aimed to comprehensively review ACC of MSGs, focusing on clinical characteristics, imaging modalities, treatment approaches, and long-term outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases to identify relevant articles reporting cases of ACC of MSGs between January 1997 and March 2023. The study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023449478). A total of 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for critical review. In total, 902 patients were diagnosed with ACC of MSGs with an age range of 44.3 to 63 years, and an average age of 56.6 years. The female to male ratio ranges from 1:1 to 2.4:1. Regarding the primary site of ACC, the palate was the most common location, accounting for 30.5% to 83.3%, followed by the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and lip and the retromolar area. For histology, the solid mass pattern was the most prevalent, seen in 95.2% of patients, followed by the cribriform pattern. Regarding treatment modalities, surgery was the most common approach, applied in 76.3% of cases, with a combination of surgery and radiotherapy used in 29.0% of cases. A smaller fraction, 3.2%, received a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, and 8.3% underwent radiotherapy alone. Local recurrence rates varied between 1% and 28.5%, and distant metastasis occurred in 18.2% to 33.3% of cases, predominantly to lymph nodes (14.5%). An analysis of overall survival across various stages and patient numbers indicated a 5-year survival rate of 68.0%. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for physicians in making treatment decisions and emphasize the need for ongoing research and collaborative clinical efforts to improve the management and outcomes of this challenging disease.
CONCLUSION
ACC of MSGs is a multifaceted condition typically manifesting as asymptomatic enlargement and ulceration. This disease is marked by distinct histopathological patterns and perineural invasion (PNI). Recognizing these distinctive aspects is key in shaping the treatment plan, which can range from surgical procedures to radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and evolving targeted treatments. Continuous research and collaborative clinical efforts remain critical for ongoing progress in the treatment and management of this challenging condition.
PubMed: 38202273
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010267 -
Cancers Jan 2024Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the second-most common malignant tumour of the minor salivary glands. Although PAC predominantly affects the palate, it can also... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the second-most common malignant tumour of the minor salivary glands. Although PAC predominantly affects the palate, it can also involve the buccal mucosa. This systematic review aims to investigate the literature data about PAC. Furthermore, we report two cases of patients affected by PAC in an infrequently considered anatomical site.
METHODS
According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Observational studies conducted on patients with a histological diagnosis of PAC were selected and analysed. Furthermore, two cases of patients with PAC affecting the buccal mucosa were reported.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies were included, and 143 patients affected by PAC were analysed (62 males, 75 females, and 6 undefined, with a mean age of 57.4 ± 14.5 years). The palate was the most affected site (99/143, 69.2%), followed by the buccal mucosa (12/143, 8.4%). Moreover, we report two cases of patients with PAC affecting the buccal mucosa (one male and one female, with a mean age of 70.5 ± 2.5 years).
CONCLUSIONS
The present study underscores the importance of considering the buccal mucosa as a possible location of minor salivary gland tumours; although it is a less-considered affliction, it is not uncommon.
PubMed: 38201647
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010220 -
BMC Geriatrics Jan 2024Good oral health is an important part of healthy ageing, yet there is limited understanding regarding the status of oral health care for older people globally. This...
BACKGROUND
Good oral health is an important part of healthy ageing, yet there is limited understanding regarding the status of oral health care for older people globally. This study reviewed evidence (policies, programs, and interventions) regarding oral health care for older people.
METHODS
A systematic search of six databases for published and grey literature in the English language by the end of April 2022 was undertaken utilising Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework.
RESULTS
The findings from oral health policy documents (n = 17) indicated a lack of priorities in national health policies regarding oral health care for older people. The most common oral health interventions reported in the published studies (n = 62) included educational sessions and practical demonstrations on oral care for older adults, nurses, and care providers. Other interventions included exercises of facial muscles and the tongue, massage of salivary glands, and application of chemical agents, such as topical fluoride.
CONCLUSION
There is currently a gap in information and research around effective oral health care treatments and programs in geriatric dental care. Efforts must be invested in developing guidelines to assist both dental and medical healthcare professionals in integrating good oral health as part of healthy ageing. Further research is warranted in assessing the effectiveness of interventions in improving the oral health status of the elderly and informing approaches to assist the integration of oral health into geriatric care.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Databases, Factual; Educational Status; Exercise Therapy; Healthy Aging; Oral Health
PubMed: 38191307
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04613-7 -
Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck... Dec 2023To quantify the results of superficial parotidectomy (SP) and partial SP (PSP) for benign parotid tumours using a systematic evaluation method. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the results of superficial parotidectomy (SP) and partial SP (PSP) for benign parotid tumours using a systematic evaluation method.
METHODS
A systematic search of English and Chinese databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang and Vipshop) was conducted to include studies comparing the treatment outcomes of SP with PSP.
RESULTS
Twenty-three qualified, high-quality studies involving 2844 patients were included in this study. The results of this study showed that compared to the SP surgical approach, the PSP surgical approach reduced the occurrence of temporary facial palsy (OR = 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-0.41), permanent facial palsy (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.16-0.52) and Frey syndrome (OR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.23-0.56) in patients after surgery, and the surgery operative time was reduced by approximately 27.35 min (95% CI - 39.66, - 15.04). However, the effects of PSP versus SP on salivary fistula (OR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.40-1.24), sialocele (OR = 1.48; 95% CI 0.78-2.83), haematoma (OR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.11-1.01) and tumour recurrence rate (OR = 1.41; 95% CI 0.48-4.20) were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Compared with SP, PSP has a lower postoperative complication rate and significantly shorter operative time, suggesting that it could be used as an alternative to SP in the treatment of benign parotid tumours with the right indications.
Topics: Humans; Facial Paralysis; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38135871
DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00679-w -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023The development of deep learning (DL) algorithms for use in dentistry is an emerging trend. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases, which has a notable... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The development of deep learning (DL) algorithms for use in dentistry is an emerging trend. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases, which has a notable impact on the life quality of patients. Therefore, it is crucial to classify periodontitis accurately and efficiently. This systematic review aimed to identify the application of DL for the classification of periodontitis and assess the accuracy of this approach.
METHODS
A literature search up to November 2023 was implemented through EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen eligible studies, and the quality of the studies was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology with the QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) tool. Random-effects inverse-variance model was used to perform the meta-analysis of a diagnostic test, with which pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR), negative LR, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated, and a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) plot was constructed.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. After excluding an outlier, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive LR, negative LR and DOR were 0.88 (95%CI 0.82-0.92), 0.82 (95%CI 0.72-0.89), 4.9 (95%CI 3.2-7.5), 0.15 (95%CI 0.10-0.22) and 33 (95%CI 19-59), respectively. The area under the SROC was 0.92 (95%CI 0.89-0.94).
CONCLUSIONS
The accuracy of DL-based classification of periodontitis is high, and this approach could be employed in the future to reduce the workload of dental professionals and enhance the consistency of classification.
Topics: Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Deep Learning; ROC Curve; Algorithms; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 38114946
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03751-z -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Temperature is a well-known effector of several transmission factors of mosquito-borne viruses, including within mosquito dynamics. These dynamics are often...
Temperature is a well-known effector of several transmission factors of mosquito-borne viruses, including within mosquito dynamics. These dynamics are often characterized by vector competence and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP). Vector competence is the intrinsic ability of a mosquito population to become infected with and transmit a virus, while EIP is the time it takes for the virus to reach the salivary glands and be expectorated following an infectious bloodmeal. Temperatures outside the optimal range act on life traits, decreasing transmission potential, while increasing temperature within the optimal range correlates to increasing vector competence and a decreased EIP. These relatively well-studied effects of other borne viruses (dengue and Zika) are used to make predictions about transmission efficiency, including the challenges presented by urban heat islands and climate change. However, the knowledge of temperature and chikungunya (CHIKV) dynamics within its two primary vectors- and -remains less characterized, even though CHIKV remains a virus of public-health importance. Here, we review the literature and summarize the state of the literature on CHIKV and temperature dependence of vector competence and EIP and use these data to demonstrate how the remaining knowledge gap might confound the ability to adequately predict and, thus, prepare for future outbreaks.
PubMed: 38003832
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111368 -
Cancers Oct 2023Radiomics analysis can potentially characterize salivary gland tumors (SGTs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The procedures for radiomics analysis were various, and... (Review)
Review
Radiomics analysis can potentially characterize salivary gland tumors (SGTs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The procedures for radiomics analysis were various, and no consistent performances were reported. This review evaluated the methodologies and performances of studies using radiomics analysis to characterize SGTs on MRI. We systematically reviewed studies published until July 2023, which employed radiomics analysis to characterize SGTs on MRI. In total, 14 of 98 studies were eligible. Each study examined 23-334 benign and 8-56 malignant SGTs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was the most common feature selection method (in eight studies). Eleven studies confirmed the stability of selected features using cross-validation or bootstrap. Nine classifiers were used to build models that achieved area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.74 to 1.00 for characterizing benign and malignant SGTs and 0.80 to 0.96 for characterizing pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin's tumors. Performances were validated using cross-validation, internal, and external datasets in four, six, and two studies, respectively. No single feature consistently appeared in the final models across the studies. No standardized procedure was used for radiomics analysis in characterizing SGTs on MRIs, and various models were proposed. The need for a standard procedure for radiomics analysis is emphasized.
PubMed: 37894285
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204918 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Dec 2023Malignant minor salivary glands carcinomas (MiSGC) of the larynx and trachea are rare tumours and published evidence is sparse. We conducted a systematic review to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Malignant minor salivary glands carcinomas (MiSGC) of the larynx and trachea are rare tumours and published evidence is sparse. We conducted a systematic review to describe shareable treatment strategies and oncological outcomes of these neoplastic entities.
METHODS
Full text English manuscripts published from January 1 2000 to December 14 2022 were included. Data on demographics, treatments and outcomes were collected. A pooled analysis of 5-year overall survival (OS) was performed.
RESULTS
Seventeen articles and 365 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common subsites involved were subglottic and distal trachea. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was, by far, the most frequent histotype. The first-choice treatment strategy was surgery (86.8%), while adjuvant treatments were delivered in 57.4% of patients. Only 12.9% were treated with definitive radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy. The mean follow-up was 68.3 months. One hundred nine (34.9%) deaths were recorded and 62.4% were cancer-related. Five-year OS ranged from 20% to 100% and, at pooled analysis, it was 83% (range, 78-87%).
CONCLUSIONS
In case of MiSGC of the larynx and trachea, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Adjuvant treatments are frequently delivered. Survival estimates are good overall, but highly heterogeneous.
Topics: Humans; Trachea; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Larynx; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Salivary Glands, Minor
PubMed: 37814980
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N2635 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023Oxidative stress is involved in the alterations at the level of salivary glands, being the cause of oral pathologies like xerostomia, periodontitis, gingivitis,... (Review)
Review
Oxidative stress is involved in the alterations at the level of salivary glands, being the cause of oral pathologies like xerostomia, periodontitis, gingivitis, leucoplakia, and cancer. It is known that antioxidants can reverse changes induced by drugs or other chemicals in some organs, but the question is whether these substances can reduce or revert the effects of oxidative stress at the salivary gland level. Our aim was to find histopathological data at the level of salivary glands supporting the hypothesis of the reversal of oxidative stress-induced changes after the treatment with substances with antioxidant effect. : A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer databases, including research articles on oxidative stress histological aspects and oxidative stress biomarkers induced by drugs or other chemicals on salivary glands. : Out of 1756 articles, 25 articles were selected with data on tissue homogenate used for biochemical analysis of oxidative and antioxidative markers, along with routine hematoxylin eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical analysis used for histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis. Drugs (antineoplastic drugs, antibiotics, and analgesics), alcohol, heavy metals, and fluoride can cause oxidative stress, resulting in morphological changes in different tissues, including in salivary glands. There are many antioxidants but only a few were evaluated regarding the effects on salivary glands in animal studies, such as hesperidin and selenium, which can reverse the damage induced by cyclophosphamide; 10-dehydrogingerdione (10-DHGD), a compound extracted from ginger, which has a protective effect against the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by tramadol; and glycyrrhizic acid, which may repair the injuries incurred after the administration of sodium nitrite. : Substances such as hesperidin, selenium, 10-dehydrogingerdione, and glycyrrhizic acid are antioxidants with proven restorative effects on salivary glands for the damage induced by oxidative stress after exposure to drugs and other chemical substances; however, demonstrating their similar effects in human salivary glands is challenging.
PubMed: 37763811
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091692