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Acta Clinica Croatica Apr 2023Vitamin D is involved in many different functions in the human body. Despite the well-known benefits of vitamin D and increasing trends of testing and supplementation,... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is involved in many different functions in the human body. Despite the well-known benefits of vitamin D and increasing trends of testing and supplementation, there is still a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide, present in the general but also in the highly-active population such as athletes and dancers. Dancers are at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency due to their long working hours spent indoors, without exposure to sunlight. The high level of workload and physical demands also put dancers at a high risk of injuries. The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the existing evidence on the association of vitamin D (serum level and supplementation) and injuries in dancers. Medline, Scopus, SportDiscus and Web of Science were searched to identify the available peer-reviewed articles. Five articles met the inclusion criteria (two interventional and three observational studies), three of which additionally investigated the relationship between vitamin D and muscle function. The reported results on positive influence of vitamin D serum level or vitamin D supplementation effect on reduced injury occurrence and enhanced muscular function in adolescent and elite professional ballet dancers are promising but the evidence is limited due to a low number of studies, small samples, and methodological limitations.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38304359
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2023.62.01.25 -
European Journal of Nutrition Apr 2024The objective of this systematic review was to determine a minimum serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) threshold based on the risk of having rickets in young children.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold and risk of rickets in young children: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D.
PURPOSE
The objective of this systematic review was to determine a minimum serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) threshold based on the risk of having rickets in young children. This work was commissioned by the WHO and FAO within the framework of the update of the vitamin D requirements for children 0-3 years old.
METHODS
A systematic search of Embase was conducted to identify studies involving children below 4 years of age with serum 25OHD levels and radiologically confirmed rickets, without any restriction related to the geographical location or language. Study-level and individual participant data (IPD)-level random effects multi-level meta-analyses were conducted. The odds, sensitivity and specificity for rickets at different serum 25OHD thresholds were calculated for all children as well as for children with adequate calcium intakes only.
RESULTS
A total of 120 studies with 5412 participants were included. At the study-level, children with rickets had a mean serum 25OHD of 23 nmol/L (95% CI 19-27). At the IPD level, children with rickets had a median and mean serum 25OHD of 23 and 29 nmol/L, respectively. More than half (55%) of the children with rickets had serum 25OHD below 25 nmol/L, 62% below 30 nmol/L, and 79% below 40 nmol/L. Analysis of odds, sensitivities and specificities for nutritional rickets at different serum 25OHD thresholds suggested a minimal risk threshold of around 28 nmol/L for children with adequate calcium intakes and 40 nmol/L for children with low calcium intakes.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and IPD meta-analysis suggests that from a public health perspective and to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D, a minimum serum 25OHD threshold of around 28 nmol/L and above would represent a low risk of nutritional rickets for the majority of children with an adequate calcium intake.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Calcium; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Rickets; Vitamins; Calcifediol; Nutritional Requirements
PubMed: 38280944
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03299-2 -
National Journal of Maxillofacial... 2023Bone metabolism is a key factor for successful osseointegration, and low vitamin D levels may negatively impact the process of osseointegration after implant placement.... (Review)
Review
Bone metabolism is a key factor for successful osseointegration, and low vitamin D levels may negatively impact the process of osseointegration after implant placement. The study was aimed at evaluating the relation of vitamin D levels with dental implant osseointegration and subsequently the success or failure of the implant. The focused questions were-What is the effect of vitamin D levels on successful dental implant osseointegration and what is the effect of vitamin D supplementation on successful implant osseointegration? A search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms "vitamin D," "cholecalciferol," "1,25(OH) D," "dental implant," "osseointegration," and "bone implant contact" for a period of 10 years from 2011 to 2020. Clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports were included. A total of ten studies were included after the screening process. Five of these studies evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on osseointegration, whereas five only evaluated the effect of vitamin D deficiency on dental implant osseointegration. Only five of these studies reported dental implant failure varying from 7% to 13% in vitamin D deficient/insufficient groups. Positive relationship exists between serum vitamin D levels and dental implant osseointegration; however, few studies failed to report any relation. More prospective clinical research studies as well as randomized controlled trials are needed to show a significant correlation between decreased serum levels of vitamin D and increased risk of dental implant failure in perspective of vitamin D supplementation which can promote the osseointegration of dental implants.
PubMed: 38273924
DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_192_22 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Older adults are prone to vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency, which may impair their health. A high dose of VD3 (HDVD3 = 100,000 IU) could improve their 25-hydroxyvitamin D3... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Older adults are prone to vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency, which may impair their health. A high dose of VD3 (HDVD3 = 100,000 IU) could improve their 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] level and health outcomes. However, evidence for such a beneficial effect of HDVD3 in older adults coming from clinical trials is mixed.
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on the efficacy of a single dose of 100,000 IU of VD3 in older people.
METHODS
We searched PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and NIH's clinical trials registry for clinical studies on the effect of a single high dose of VD3 on various health outcomes in older people. We also performed a meta-analysis using the standardized mean difference to assess the effect of VD3 on its blood level. Due to expected high heterogeneity, its amount (i.e., tau) was estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird estimator. To estimate tau, the Q-test for heterogeneity and the statistic were calculated.
RESULTS
Search results identify 13 studies that reported diverse health outcomes, such as lung and cardiovascular function, skin cancer progression, intensive care unit mortality, immune system response, and bone density. The meta-analysis showed a significant increase in 25(OH)D blood levels after treatment in 10 studies, with an average standardized mean difference of 2.60 ng/mL (95% CI: 2.07 to 3.13). Their results suggested that a single high dose of VD3 may benefit intensive care unit patients and skin cancer patients in remission. However, evidence for other beneficial health effects of HDVD3 was mixed due to high heterogeneity among studies.
CONCLUSIONS
A single high dose of VD3 may positively affect some health outcomes in older people, possibly due to its pleiotropic and immunomodulatory effects. However, the evidence needs to be more extensive and consistent, and more rigorous studies are required to confirm the benefits and safety of VD3 high doses in older patients.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Skin Neoplasms; Bone Density; Calcifediol; Critical Care
PubMed: 38257146
DOI: 10.3390/nu16020252 -
Nutrients Jan 2024This systematic review evaluates the impact of Vitamin D levels on dental implant osseointegration, hypothesizing that optimal Vitamin D enhances success rates, and aims... (Review)
Review
This systematic review evaluates the impact of Vitamin D levels on dental implant osseointegration, hypothesizing that optimal Vitamin D enhances success rates, and aims to synthesize data on its relationship with clinical outcomes in implantology. A comprehensive search across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases included seven peer-reviewed articles meeting the criteria for the review. These studies, conducted between 2008 and 2021, included human subjects and explicitly correlated serum Vitamin D levels with dental implant outcomes, following PRISMA guidelines. The selected studies involved 1462 participants and examined 4450 dental implants. Key findings included a varied implant loss rate ranging from 3.9% to 11.4% across the studies. One study reported a 9.8% implant loss rate, yet found no significant association between Vitamin D receptor polymorphism and implant success. Another study indicated successful implantation following Vitamin D3 supplementation, even in severe deficiency cases. The highest implant loss rate (11.1%) was observed in severely Vitamin D-deficient patients, particularly when compounded by risk factors such as smoking and periodontal disease. Additionally, one study noted significantly improved bone density following post-surgical Vitamin D supplementation for up to 12 weeks. The review supports a link between sufficient Vitamin D levels and successful dental implant osseointegration, suggesting Vitamin D deficiency as a potential risk factor for increased failure and advocating for Vitamin D evaluations in pre-surgical planning to potentially enhance implantology outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Dental Implants; Osseointegration; Vitamins; Cholecalciferol
PubMed: 38257102
DOI: 10.3390/nu16020209 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Triple burden of malnutrition in children remains a significant public health issue. This scoping review aims to assess the information on undernutrition, micronutrient...
INTRODUCTION
Triple burden of malnutrition in children remains a significant public health issue. This scoping review aims to assess the information on undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and the quality of complementary feeding in various regions in Nigeria.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases from January 1, 2018 to January 31, 2023 to include studies focusing on 0 to 5 years old children in Nigeria, reporting data on nutritional status, nutrient deficiencies, and published in English.
RESULTS
73 out of 1,545 articles were included. Stunting remained alarmingly high ranging from 7.2% (Osun, South West) to 61% (Kaduna, North Central), while wasting varied from 1% (Ibadan, South West) to 29% (FCT Abuja, Central) and underweight from 5.9% (Osun, South West) to 42.6% (Kano, North West) respectively. The overall prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency ranged between 55.2 to 75.1 % and 5.3 to 67.6%, respectively. Low rates of achieving minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency were reported across different states depicting the suboptimal quality of complementary feeding. The prevalence of overweight/obesity ranged from 1.5% (Rivers, South South) to 25.9% (Benue, North Central).
CONCLUSION
Multiple early childhood malnutrition issues exist with a wide disparity across states in Nigeria, particularly in the Northern region. Targeted nutrition interventions must be implemented to improve the situation.
PubMed: 38249616
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1279130 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jan 2024Combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cblC type is an inborn error of intracellular cobalamin metabolism and the most common one. The age of onset ranges... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cblC type is an inborn error of intracellular cobalamin metabolism and the most common one. The age of onset ranges from prenatal to adult. The disease is characterised by an elevation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine and a decreased production of methionine. The aim is to review existing scientific literature of all late onset cblC patients in terms of clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and outcome.
METHODS
A bibliographic database search was undertaken in PubMed (MEDLINE) complemented by a reference list search. We combined search terms regarding cblC disease and late onset. Two review authors performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment.
RESULTS
Of the sixty-five articles included in this systematic review, we collected a total of 199 patients. The most frequent clinical symptoms were neuropathy/myelopathy, encephalopathy, psychiatric symptoms, thrombotic microangiopathy, seizures, kidney disease, mild to severe pulmonary hypertension with heart failure and thrombotic phenomena. There were different forms of supplementation used in the different studies collected and, within these studies, some patients received several treatments sequentially and/or concomitantly. The general outcome was: 64 patients recovered, 78 patients improved, 4 patients did not improve, or the disease progressed, and 12 patients died.
CONCLUSIONS
Most scientific literature regarding the late onset cblC disease comes from case reports and case series. In most cases treatment initiation led to an improvement and even recovery of some patients. The lack of complete recovery underlines the necessity for increased vigilance in unclear clinical symptoms for cblC disease.
Topics: Adult; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Homocystinuria; Methylmalonic Acid; Vitamin B 12
PubMed: 38245797
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03021-3 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Jan 2024Vitamin D is a prominent modulator of immunity and respiratory function. It plays a vital role in respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). S. However, there is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
Vitamin D is a prominent modulator of immunity and respiratory function. It plays a vital role in respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). S. However, there is a dearth of information on patients with CF. The purpose of the meta-analysis is to highlight the importance of following the existing guidelines regarding maintenance of Vitamin D serum levels in patients with CF.
METHODS
The systematic search was conducted without utilizing any time or language limitations in original database from the beginning until March 2022. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was determined by I statistics and Cochrane Q test.
RESULTS
Pooled analysis using the random-effects model of the 8 case-control studies with 13 effect sizes revealed that the serum 25-OH-vitamin D in participants with cystic fibrosis was significantly lower than controls in pediatrics and adolescences (WMD: - 3.41 ng/ml, 95% CI - 5.02, - 1.80, p = < 0.001) and adults (WMD: - 2.60 ng/ml, 95% CI - 4.32, - 0.89, p = 0.003). Based on data from 12 studies (21 effect sizes) with a total of 1622 participants, the prevalence of vitamin D levels of 20-30 ng/ml in CF patients was 36% among pediatrics/adolescents and 63% among adults. In addition, 27% of pediatric/adolescent CF patients and 35% of adult CF patients had vitamin D levels of below 20 ng/ml.
CONCLUSIONS
As a result, according to the existing guidelines, our results proved the need to pay attention to the level of vitamin D in these patients.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38233891
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00499-2 -
Irish Journal of Medical Science Jun 2024This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the three different administration routes of vitamin B12: oral, intramuscular (IM), and sublingual... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the three different administration routes of vitamin B12: oral, intramuscular (IM), and sublingual (SL) routes.
METHODS
We searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials). We included only comparative studies. We performed a frequentist network meta-analysis to measure network estimates for the relative outcomes. Moreover, we conducted a pairwise meta-analysis using a random effect model to obtain direct estimates for outcomes. All outcomes were continuous, and the relative treatment effects were pooled as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 4275 patients. Regarding increasing vitamin B12 levels, the IM route ranked first, followed by the SL route (MD = 94.09 and 43.31 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the oral route. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance owing to the limited number of studies. Regarding the hemoglobin level, the pooled effect sizes showed no difference between all routes of administration that could reach statistical significance. However, the top two ranked administration routes were the oral route (78.3) and the IM route (49.6).
CONCLUSION
All IM, oral, and SL routes of administration of vitamin B12 can effectively increase the level of vitamin B12 without significant differences between them, as thought previously. However, the IM route was the top-ranked statistically but without clinical significance. We found no significant difference among studied administrated routes in all other CBC parameters and homocysteine levels.
Topics: Humans; Administration, Oral; Administration, Sublingual; Dietary Supplements; Hemoglobins; Injections, Intramuscular; Network Meta-Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 38231320
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03602-4 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2024Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The present review was conducted to accumulate evidence on the...
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The present review was conducted to accumulate evidence on the relationship between cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection and serum vitamin D status.
METHODS
Electronic databases including Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed were searched by different combinations of keywords related to "human papillomavirus" and "vitamin D", obtained from Mesh and Emtree with AND, and OR operators without any time restriction until December 24, 2022. Selection of articles was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was applied for reporting.
RESULTS
In total, 276 citations were retrieved. After removing duplicates, and non-related articles, the full texts of 7 articles were reviewed including 11168 participants. Three studies reported that there was a positive relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cervicovaginal human papillomavirus while three studies did not. One study showed a significant positive association between higher vitamin D stores and short-term high-risk human papillomavirus persistence.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings showed no firm evidence for any association between serum vitamin D level and cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection, although the possible association could not be discarded. Further investigations are needed to reach sound evidence.
Topics: Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 38216875
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09006-8