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Nutrients Nov 2023Adults with Crohn's disease (CD) may be at risk of micronutrient insufficiency in clinical remission through restrictive eating, malabsorption, abnormal losses or... (Review)
Review
Adults with Crohn's disease (CD) may be at risk of micronutrient insufficiency in clinical remission through restrictive eating, malabsorption, abnormal losses or inflammation. This systematic review synthesises the literature on micronutrient insufficiency in CD in clinical remission in terms of the prevalence of low circulating micronutrient concentrations and as a comparison against a healthy control (HC). Studies were included if the population was predominantly in remission. A total of 42 studies met the inclusion criteria; 12 were rated as low quality, leaving 30 studies covering 21 micronutrients of medium/high quality that were included in the synthesis. Vitamins D and B12 were the most frequently reported nutrients (8 and 11); there were few eligible studies for the remaining micronutrients. The prevalence studies were consistent in reporting individuals with low Vitamins A, B6, B12 and C, β-carotene, D, Magnesium, Selenium and Zinc. The comparator studies were inconsistent in finding differences with CD populations; Vitamin D, the most reported nutrient, was only lower than the HC in one-quarter of the studies. Adult CD populations are likely to contain individuals with low levels of one or more micronutrients, with the most substantial evidence for Vitamins D and B12. The studies on other micronutrients are of insufficient number, standardisation and quality to inform practice.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Micronutrients; Crohn Disease; Trace Elements; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Cholecalciferol
PubMed: 38004171
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224777 -
International Urology and Nephrology May 2024Mineral and bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease can cause abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D and when left... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Mineral and bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease can cause abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D and when left untreated can result in impaired growth, bone deformities, fractures, and vascular calcification. Cinacalcet is a calcimimetic widely used as a therapy to reduce parathyroid hormone levels in the adult population, with hypocalcemia among its side effects. The analysis of safety in the pediatric population is questioned due to the scarcity of randomized clinical trials in this group.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the onset of symptomatic hypocalcemia or other adverse events (serious or non-serious) with the use of cinacalcet in children and adolescents with mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease.
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
The bibliographic search identified 2699 references from 1927 to August/2023 (57 LILACS, 44 Web of Science, 686 PubMed, 131 Cochrane, 1246 Scopus, 535 Embase). Four references were added from the bibliography of articles found and 12 references from the gray literature (Clinical Trials). Of the 77 studies analyzed in full, 68 were excluded because they did not meet the following criteria: population, types of studies, medication, publication types and 1 article that did not present results (gray literature).
PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS
There were 149 patients aged 0-18 years old with Chronic Kidney Disease and mineral bone disorder who received cinacalcet.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
Nine eligible studies were examined for study type, size, intervention, and reported outcomes.
RESULTS
There was an incidence of 0.2% of fatal adverse events and 16% of serious adverse events (p < 0.01 and I = 69%), in addition to 10.7% of hypocalcemia, totaling 45.7% of total adverse events.
LIMITATIONS
There was a bias in demographic information and clinical characteristics of patients in about 50% of the studies and the majority of the studies were case series.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS
If used in the pediatric population, the calcimimetic cinacalcet should be carefully monitored for serum calcium levels and attention to possible adverse events, especially in children under 50 months.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER (PROSPERO REGISTER)
CRD42019132809.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Bone Diseases; Calcimimetic Agents; Calcium; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Cinacalcet; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Hypocalcemia; Minerals; Parathyroid Hormone; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 37964112
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03844-2 -
Journal of Evidence-based Integrative... 2023Psoriasis is nowadays regarded as a systemic inflammatory disorder. Among the topicals, vitamin D derivates are often applied on the skin for their anti-inflammatory and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis is nowadays regarded as a systemic inflammatory disorder. Among the topicals, vitamin D derivates are often applied on the skin for their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. Vitamin D serum levels in psoriasis (PsO) patients are still debated and an eventual depletion may offer the rational to integrate anti-psoriatic therapies with oral vitamin D. Then, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the current evidence towards serum vitamin D level in PsO.
METHODS
We searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, ScienceDirect and Science Information Database (SID) using the terms "Vitamin D" and "Psoriasis" including manuscripts in English, Italian and Persian. Duplications were excluded using EndNote software and records were screened by title, abstract and full-text. Quality assessment of studies was assessed using Newcastle Ottawa Checklist (NOS). Psoriasis odds ratio (OR) and mean serum vitamin D levels were calculated and displayed in Forest-plots. Heterogeneity indexes were evaluated using and Q. Sensitivity analysis and publication biases were also considered.
RESULTS
From 3006 records extracted, after removing duplicates and analyzing full texts we finally included 19 manuscripts involving a total of 1387 PsO cases and 6939 controls. PsO patients exhibited a substantial odds ratio (3.07, 95% CI: 1.56-6.04) for lower serum vitamin D levels compared to the control group. Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) of vitamin D in PsO versus controls was -0.92 (-1.33 to -0.51).
CONCLUSION
Psoriatic patients displayed higher risk to have a vitamin D deficiency. Interventional studies to verify the preventive value are mandatory.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Psoriasis; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37936396
DOI: 10.1177/2515690X231211663 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle tissue maintenance and repair after injury. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for studies published prior to May 2023. We assessed eligible studies that discussed the relationship between vitamin D, muscle regeneration in this review. Overall, the literature reports strong associations between vitamin D and skeletal myocyte size, and muscle regeneration. In vitro studies in skeletal muscle cells derived from mice and humans showed vitamin D played a role in regulating myoblast growth, size, and gene expression. Animal studies, primarily in mice, demonstrate vitamin D's positive effects on skeletal muscle function, such as improved grip strength and endurance. These studies encompass vitamin D diet research, genetically modified models, and disease-related mouse models. Relatively few studies looked at muscle function after injury, but these also support a role for vitamin D in muscle recovery. The human studies have also reported that vitamin D deficiency decreases muscle grip strength and gait speed, especially in the elderly population. Finally, human studies reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation and achieving optimal serum vitamin D levels in muscle recovery after eccentric exercise and surgery. However, there were no benefits in rotator cuff injury studies, suggesting that repair mechanisms for muscle/ligament tears may be less reliant on vitamin D. In summary, vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle function, structural integrity, and regeneration, potentially offering therapeutic benefits to patients with musculoskeletal diseases and in post-operative recovery.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Animals; Mice; Vitamin D; Muscle, Skeletal; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Muscular Diseases; Models, Animal; Regeneration
PubMed: 37892452
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204377 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023This study aimed to investigate the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis through a meta-analysis and to analyze trends and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis through a meta-analysis and to analyze trends and risk factors.
METHODS
Potentially relevant studies were searched using the terms "Vitamin D AND scoliosis." Data on the incidence and risk factors, such as race, curve magnitude, and sex, were extracted from the selected studies. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for the data analysis. Six studies with a total of 1, 428 patients met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
The incidence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with idiopathic scoliosis was 36.19% (95% CI [21.93 to 50.46]. In contrast, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency was 41.43% (95% CI [16.62 66.23]. Vitamin D levels were compared between Caucasian and African patients and it was concluded that Caucasian patients had a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency [RR 0.15, 95% CI (0.03 to 0.82; P = 0.03]. There was also an association between patients with idiopathic scoliosis and lower vitamin D -5.58, 95% CI [-7.10, -4.06]. Finally, no significant differences were observed in terms of curve magnitude assessed with the Cobb angle mean difference (MD) 4.45, 95% CI [-0.55, 9.44], or sex with lower-than-normal levels of vitamin D OR 0.96, 95% CI [0.58 to 1.60].
DISCUSSION
The incidence rates of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were 36.19% and 41.43%, respectively. The Caucasian race was associated with a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency compared to the African race. Vitamin D deficiency was not related to curve magnitude or sex.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Scoliosis; Incidence; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Kyphosis; Vitamins
PubMed: 37886647
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250118 -
Heliyon Nov 2023Various pathophysiologic mechanisms were proposed to underlie the effect of vitamin D on MetS components. In this systematic review, we reviewed randomized control...
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic parameters among patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and GRADE evidence synthesis of randomized controlled trials.
Various pathophysiologic mechanisms were proposed to underlie the effect of vitamin D on MetS components. In this systematic review, we reviewed randomized control clinical trials to verify whether vitamin D supplementation (VDS) at different doses is effective concomitantly in controlling high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose level, blood pressure, and central obesity in adults diagnosed with MetS. The following scientific databases were searched from 1998 until April 2023: EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrial.gov, and Google Scholar. No language restrictions were applied. Seven studies were included, and they showed a high level of heterogeneity. All studies reported a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels in the intervention groups. Of these, only two noted a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference. However, the certainty levels of the evidence rating were very low and low for triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference, respectively, and moderate for fasting glucose level, blood pressure, and HDL-c. In conclusion, despite these benefits, considering the low certainty, the evidence does not support that VDS decreases triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference in adults with MetS.
PubMed: 37885733
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20845 -
Cureus Sep 2023Pernicious anemia, historically tied to vitamin B12 malabsorption due to intrinsic factor secretion impairment, has evolved in understanding, especially concerning its... (Review)
Review
Pernicious anemia, historically tied to vitamin B12 malabsorption due to intrinsic factor secretion impairment, has evolved in understanding, especially concerning its association with autoimmune gastritis. This systematic review dives deep into the multifaceted relationship between infection, autoimmune gastritis, and the presence of anti-intrinsic factors and anti-parietal cell antibodies. Comprehensive database searches revealed a higher prevalence of infection in pernicious anemia patients, with some studies suggesting a consequential increase in the aforementioned antibodies. Interestingly, eradication of displayed potential therapeutic effects; patients showcased reductions in antibody titers, improved histopathological findings, and reversion of atrophic changes in gastric corpus. Such outcomes highlight the conceivable benefits of considering infection during the evaluation and management of pernicious anemia and autoimmune gastritis. However, disparities across studies make direct comparisons challenging. It's essential to approach the potential role of in these conditions with caution. Further research is warranted to cement conclusions and refine clinical management strategies. This review seeks to prompt new investigative avenues into the intricate link between autoimmune gastritis, and pernicious anemia, ultimately enhancing patient care.
PubMed: 37885562
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45887 -
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry Oct 2023Research findings on the relationship between vitamin D and suicide are not consistent; therefore, the objective of the present paper is to assess the relationship... (Review)
Review
Research findings on the relationship between vitamin D and suicide are not consistent; therefore, the objective of the present paper is to assess the relationship between vitamin D and suicide behaviors using a systematic review and meta-analysis. A search strategy was developed using keywords including "Vitamin D", "Vitamin D deficiency", "suicide" "attempted suicide", "completed suicide", "Suicide, Attempted", "Suicidal Ideation." We searched databases including Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar by July 7, 2022. We examined the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the articles to select eligible ones. To pool the results of the selected studies, we used the random-effect method and mean difference as the effect size. The quality of the articles was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Moreover, heterogeneity and bias of reporting were evaluated by the I statistic and Egger's and Begg's tests, respectively. Out of 149 studies retrieved in the databases, 11 studies were included in the final phase. Among these, the pooled findings of seven studies included in the meta-analysis phase showed that low levels of vitamin D are related to increased probability for suicide behaviors (P < 0.05). Moreover, subgroup analysis showed a significant relationship between vitamin D and suicide ideation and suicide attempt (P < 0.05). In addition, the I statistic indicated moderate heterogeneity (58%) and Egger's and Begg's tests did not show any evidence of publication bias (P > 0.05). This study provides evidence in favor of the relationship between vitamin D and suicide behaviors. It suggests that insufficient levels of vitamin D play a role in suicidal behaviors. However, it should be noted that further and stronger evidence is needed to establish this role. Finally, incorporating vitamin D-rich foods into the diet or taking vitamin D supplements is recommended to reduce the risk of suicide.
PubMed: 37881417
DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v18i4.13635 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2024Two previous meta-analyses showed smaller differences between vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and a consistently high... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (Total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and Importance of Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND
Two previous meta-analyses showed smaller differences between vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and a consistently high heterogeneity when only including daily dosing studies.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare more frequently dosed vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 in improving total 25(OH)D and determine the concomitant effect of response modifiers on heterogeneity, and secondly, to compare the vitamin D2-associated change in 25(OH)D2 with the vitamin D3-associated change in 25(OH)D3.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and the Web of Science Core collection were searched for randomized controlled trials of vitamin D2 compared with vitamin D3, daily or once/twice weekly dosed. After screening for eligibility, relevant data were extracted for meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference when different methods of 25(OH)D analyses were used. Otherwise, the weighted mean difference (WMD) was determined.
RESULTS
Overall, the results based on 20 comparative studies showed vitamin D3 to be superior to vitamin D2 in raising total 25(OH)D concentrations, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had a similar positive impact on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. The WMD in change in total 25(OH)D based on 12 daily dosed vitamin D2-vitamin D3 comparisons, analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was 10.39 nmol/L (40%) lower for the vitamin D2 group compared with the vitamin D3 group (95% confidence interval: -14.62, -6.16; I = 64%; P < 00001). Body mass index (BMI) appeared to be the strongest response modifier, reducing heterogeneity to 0% in both subgroups. The vitamin D2- and vitamin D3-induced change in total 25(OH)D lost significance predominantly in subjects with a BMI >25 kg/m (P = 0.99). However, information on BMI was only available in 13/17 daily dosed comparisons.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D3 leads to a greater increase of 25(OH)D than vitamin D2, even if limited to daily dose studies, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had similar positive impacts on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. Next to baseline 25(OH)D concentration, BMI should be considered when comparing the effect of daily vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation on total 25(OH)D concentration. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021272674.
Topics: Humans; Body Mass Index; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Ergocalciferols; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37865222
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.016 -
Clinical Psychopharmacology and... Nov 2023To conduct the association between vitamin B12 and mental health in children and adolescents. Five databases were searched for observational studies in any language... (Review)
Review
To conduct the association between vitamin B12 and mental health in children and adolescents. Five databases were searched for observational studies in any language reporting on mental health and vitamin B12 levels or intake in children and adolescents from inception to March 18, 2022. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of data were performed. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022345476). Fifty six studies containing 37,932 participants were identified in the review. Vitamin B12 levels were lower in participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (standardized mean difference [SMD], -1.61; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], -2.44 to -0.79; < 0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (SMD, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.78 to -0.00; = 0.049) compared with control group. Vitamin B12 intake were lower in participants with ASDs (SMD, -0.86; 95% CI, -1.48 to -0.24; = 0.006) compared with control group, but showed no difference between depression group (SMD, -0.06; 95% CI, -0.15 to 0.03; = 0.17) and the control group. Higher vitamin B12 intake were associated with lower risk of depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.98; = 0.034) and behavioral problems (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99; = 0.04). The vast majority of included studies supported potential positive influence of vitamin B12 on mental health, and vitamin B12 deficiency may be a reversible cause for some mental health disorders in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 37859436
DOI: 10.9758/cpn.22.1040