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European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Jun 2024To compare how parents' attitudes, knowledge, and sociodemographic characteristics influence untreated early childhood caries in infants and preschoolers in Brazil and...
AIM
To compare how parents' attitudes, knowledge, and sociodemographic characteristics influence untreated early childhood caries in infants and preschoolers in Brazil and Colombia.
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is a prevalent chronic disease affecting children worldwide. However, little research has explored the connection between parents' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about oral health and the occurrence of dental caries in their children's primary teeth.
MATERIALS
Oral health information was evaluated in children aged 3 to 5 years with a questionnaire covering sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, family information and questions about health knowledge and child's and parents' oral health. In addition, oral examinations have been carried out to determine the prevalence of untreated dental caries. A p-value of 0.05 and 95% reliability level were considered statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Untreated caries in infants and preschoolers are influenced by socioeconomic status, maternal education, sugar consumption, oral hygiene, and parents' beliefs about primary dentition.
PubMed: 38888576
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.2102 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Jun 2024The association between sleeve gastrectomy and halitosis remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on...
BACKGROUND
The association between sleeve gastrectomy and halitosis remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on halitosis and the oral bacterial species associated with halitosis in patients with obesity.
METHODS
This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study that examined patients before and after sleeve gastrectomy and followed the patients at three time intervals (1, 3, and 6 months) after sleeve gastrectomy. Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD]) were obtained. In addition, plaque samples were collected for quantification of the periodontopathogenic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, breath samples were collected to analyze the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), namely hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), via portable gas chromatography (Oral Chroma™).
RESULTS
Of the 43 patients initially included, 39 completed the study, with a mean age of 32.2 ± 10.4 years. For PI and GI repeated measurements one way analysis of variance showed a significant increase (p-value < 0.001 for both) one month after surgery, with mean values of 1.3 and 1.59, respectively, compared to the baseline. During the same period, the number of increased, with a p-value = 0.04. Similarly, the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) increased significantly in the first month after surgery (p-value = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that sleeve gastrectomy may lead to increased halitosis one month post-surgery, attributed to elevated and counts, contributing to the development of gingivitis in obese patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. This emphasizes the importance of including oral health professionals in the multidisciplinary team for the management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
PubMed: 38883904
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.04.005 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Jun 2024The restoration of bone defects resulting from tooth loss, periodontal disease, severe trauma, tumour resection and congenital malformations is a crucial task in... (Review)
Review
The restoration of bone defects resulting from tooth loss, periodontal disease, severe trauma, tumour resection and congenital malformations is a crucial task in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Growth factor- and gene-activated bone graft substitutes can be used instead of traditional materials to solve these problems. New materials will overcome the low efficacy and difficulties associated with the use of traditional bone substitutes in complex situations. One of the most well-studied active components for bone graft substitutes is bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which has strong osteoinductive properties. The aim of this review was to examine the use of BMP-2 protein and gene therapy for bone regeneration in the oral and maxillofacial region and to discuss its future use.
PubMed: 38883899
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.015 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of the depression level with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in young conscripts as a population with...
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of the depression level with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in young conscripts as a population with chronic stresses.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total number of 144 male conscripts with chronic stress and different levels of depression were assigned to four groups according to the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). The control group consisted of age-matched male conscripts without chronic stress. The diagnosis of TMD was made according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests.
RESULTS
The participants with severe depression were significantly more susceptible to have TMD (p = .001) followed by the moderate depression, borderline clinical depression, mild mood disturbance, and control groups. The TMD diagnoses were more prevalent within depression groups compared with the control population (p = .01).
CONCLUSIONS
The level of depression is directly associated with the presence of TMD in young men with chronic stress.
Topics: Humans; Male; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Depression; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult; Case-Control Studies; Military Personnel; Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 38881227
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.909 -
Clinical Kidney Journal Jun 2024X-linked proximal tubulopathies are rare diseases that predominantly affect men. Women are generally carriers and clinical or biochemical manifestations are usually...
X-linked proximal tubulopathies are rare diseases that predominantly affect men. Women are generally carriers and clinical or biochemical manifestations are usually absent or mild. We present the case of a young woman who presented with a full phenotype of Dent disease type 1 due to a de novo mutation in the gene and a skewed X-chromosome inactivation. Although cases of overt Dent disease type 2 and Lowe syndrome in women have been described in the literature, to our knowledge this is the first case of overt Dent disease type 1.
PubMed: 38873575
DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae092 -
The Saudi Dental Journal May 2024This cross-sectional study aimed to compare, by using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology among patients with degenerative...
UNLABELLED
This cross-sectional study aimed to compare, by using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology among patients with degenerative joint disease (DJD) with or without arthralgia, as well as a control group.
METHODS
Thirty-one patients and their respective CBCT TMJ exams were assessed. These individuals were selected from an Orofacial Pain Service and classified into three groups based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD): group 1 (10 patients with TMJ DJD and arthralgia), group 2 (11 patients with TMJ DJD without pain), and group 3 (the control group, consisting of 10 healthy individuals without any signs or symptoms of TMD). A second examiner, who was calibrated and blinded for the patient's diagnosis, evaluated the CBCT images.
RESULTS
Group 1 showed a statistically significant association with the variables of erosion (p = 0.003) and osteophyte (p = 0.04) on the condyle surface, as well as concentric condyle position with reduced joint space (p = 0.01). The Kappa concordance index between the clinical diagnosis of DC/TMD and CBCT images was k = 0.134 (p ≤ 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The presence of erosion, osteophyte, and concentric condyle position with reduced joint space was statistically associated with DJD and ongoing TMJ joint pain.
PubMed: 38868090
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.005 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory illness characterized by periodic tissue support deterioration. Interleukin-33 has recently been discovered as a new...
OBJECTIVE
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory illness characterized by periodic tissue support deterioration. Interleukin-33 has recently been discovered as a new pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The objective of this case control study is to compare IL-33 levels among periodontitis patients and healthy volunteers using serum samples and investigate the potential association with clinical periodontal parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 100 subjects (50 patients with periodontal disease and 50 healthy individuals) were included in this case control study. Clinical plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed. Serum was extracted from the venous blood that was collected. Serum IL-33 values were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
Serum levels of interleukin-33 showed considerably elevated level in the patient's group than in the healthy control group (P<0.01). There was a strong correlation between the blood levels of IL-33 and PLI, GI, and BOP (P≤ 0.05). While PPD and CAL demonstrated a non-significant relationship (P˃0.05).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggested that IL-33 may be used as a potential indicator of the inflammation associated with periodontitis and might have a role in the development of the disease. Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to improve knowledge about the role of IL-33 in periodontal health and disease.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Owing to the noticeable role that IL-33 plays in the pathogenicity of periodontitis as a local waring clue for the periodontal tissue breakdown, tissue-specific therapeutic strategies may improve.
PubMed: 38854628
DOI: 10.2147/CCIDE.S464951 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of testing for active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) by a quantitative point-of-care (PoC),...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of testing for active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) by a quantitative point-of-care (PoC), chairside lateral flow immunotest and azurocidin, in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), as biomarkers for the presence or absence of peri-implant diseases.
BACKGROUND
Current research indicates that proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes may be of value to diagnose and predict peri-implant disease initiation and progression, but more data are needed.
METHODS
Eighty patients with implants were recruited. PISF samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for aMMP-8 (chairside) and azurocidin with ELISA. Radiographic assessments and clinical indices (probing depth, probing attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque) were recorded after sampling. Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni test were used to relate aMMP-8 levels and azurocidin levels to clinical parameters. The diagnostic ability of aMMP-8 (ng/mL) and azurocidin was analyzed by receiver operator curve analysis. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and the Spearman's rho, and the coefficient of determination (R) were used to calculate the correlations between aMMP-8, azurocidin, and periodontal parameters.
RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were observed for aMMP-8 levels but not for azurocidin between healthy implants, implants with mucositis, and those with peri-implantitis (13.65 ± 7.18, 32.33 ± 21.20, and 73.07 ± 43.93 ng/mL, respectively), (Kruskall-Wallis test p < .05). The aMMP-8 test with a threshold of 20 ng/mL has a sensitivity of 71.7% and a specificity of 77.8% to identify peri-implantitis and healthy implants, respectively. AUC was found to be 0.814, and the accuracy of the method reaches 73.8%. Above a cutoff value of 33.7 ng/mL of aMMP-8, the accuracy of the test to detect peri-implantitis reaches 77.5% in relation to 62.5% of BoP from the same site.
CONCLUSION
Taken collectively, present data indicate that the aMMP-8 PoC lateral flow immunotest can be a beneficial, adjunctive diagnostic quantitative tool for real-time screening for peri-implant diseases.
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Biomarkers; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Peri-Implantitis; Aged; Dental Implants; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Adult; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Periodontal Index; ROC Curve; Blood Proteins; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
PubMed: 38853451
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.883 -
Frontiers in Dental Medicine 2024Peri-implantitis is a complex infectious disease that manifests as progressive loss of alveolar bone around the dental implants and hyper-inflammation associated with...
Peri-implantitis is a complex infectious disease that manifests as progressive loss of alveolar bone around the dental implants and hyper-inflammation associated with microbial dysbiosis. Using antibiotics in treating peri-implantitis is controversial because of antibiotic resistance threats, the non-selective suppression of pathogens and commensals within the microbial community, and potentially serious systemic sequelae. Therefore, conventional treatment for peri-implantitis comprises mechanical debridement by nonsurgical or surgical approaches with adjunct local microbicidal agents. Consequently, current treatment options may not prevent relapses, as the pathogens either remain unaffected or quickly re-emerge after treatment. Successful mitigation of disease progression in peri-implantitis requires a specific mode of treatment capable of targeting keystone pathogens and restoring bacterial community balance toward commensal species. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold promise as alternative therapeutics through their bacterial specificity and targeted inhibitory activity. However, peptide sequence space exhibits complex relationships such as sparse vector encoding of sequences, including combinatorial and discrete functions describing peptide antimicrobial activity. In this paper, we generated a transparent Machine Learning (ML) model that identifies sequence-function relationships based on rough set theory using simple summaries of the hydropathic features of AMPs. Comparing the hydropathic features of peptides according to their differential activity for different classes of bacteria empowered predictability of antimicrobial targeting. Enriching the sequence diversity by a genetic algorithm, we generated numerous candidate AMPs designed for selectively targeting pathogens and predicted their activity using classifying rough sets. Empirical growth inhibition data is iteratively fed back into our ML training to generate new peptides, resulting in increasingly more rigorous rules for which peptides match targeted inhibition levels for specific bacterial strains. The subsequent top scoring candidates were empirically tested for their inhibition against keystone and accessory peri-implantitis pathogens as well as an oral commensal bacterium. A novel peptide, VL-13, was confirmed to be selectively active against a keystone pathogen. Considering the continually increasing number of oral implants placed each year and the complexity of the disease progression, prevalence of peri-implant diseases continues to rise. Our approach offers transparent ML-enabled paths towards developing antimicrobial peptide-based therapies targeting the changes in the microbial communities that can beneficially impact disease progression.
PubMed: 38846578
DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2024.1372534 -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024In the literature, no studies correlate the effects of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) with different titration systems to periodontitis. Through a finite element...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
In the literature, no studies correlate the effects of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) with different titration systems to periodontitis. Through a finite element analysis (FEA), this study investigates the effects generated on periodontal ligaments (PDLs) and teeth by four commercial MADs in periodontal health and with 15% bone resorption.
METHODS
Four MADs (Somnodent Flex™, Somnodent Avant™, Orthoapnea™, and Herbst™) were digitalised starting from the impressions of a patient's dental arches. A force of 11.18 N, representing an advancement of 9.5 mm, was applied, and a FEA was subsequently performed. After measuring the stresses and displacements on the PDLs and teeth in healthy periodontal conditions, the vertical dimension of the alveolar bone was reduced by 15%, and measurements were repeated.
RESULTS
In terms of PDL stress, Herbst™ is the device which guarantees a more uniform increment in case of the first stage of periodontitis (+7% for mandibular and maxillary PDLs compared to the healthy condition). For Somnodent™ devices, the PDLs stress increment is almost null for mandibular PDLs but much higher than Herbst™ for maxillary PDLs (+17% and +21% for Flex™ and Avant™). Orthoapnea™ determines a PDL stress augmentation between the other devices (+16% and +7%, respectively, for maxillary and mandibular PDLs). Concerning teeth movement, Herbst™ and Orthoapnea™ determine a lower and more uniform displacement than Somnodent devices.
CONCLUSIONS
The stress distribution and teeth displacement are strictly related to MAD geometry. Since its minor effects on teeth and PDLs, the Herbst™ could be more appropriate in patients with periodontitis.
PubMed: 38839530
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.002