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BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2024We identified profiles of wake-time movement behaviours (sedentary behaviours, light intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) based on...
OBJECTIVES
We identified profiles of wake-time movement behaviours (sedentary behaviours, light intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) based on accelerometer-derived features among older adults and then examined their association with all-cause mortality.
METHODS
Data were drawn from a prospective cohort of 3991 Whitehall II accelerometer substudy participants aged 60-83 years in 2012-2013. Daily movement behaviour profiles were identified using k-means cluster analysis based on 13 accelerometer-assessed features characterising total duration, frequency, bout duration, timing and activity intensity distribution of movement behaviour. Cox regression models were used to assess the association between derived profiles and mortality risk.
RESULTS
Over a mean follow-up of 8.1 (SD 1.3) years, a total of 410 deaths were recorded. Five distinct profiles were identified and labelled as 'active' (healthiest), 'active sitters', 'light movers', 'prolonged sitters', and 'most sedentary' (most deleterious). In model adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors, compared with the 'active' profile, 'active sitters' (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.44), 'light movers' (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.63), 'prolonged sitters' (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.51), 'most sedentary' (HR 3.25, 95% CI 2.10 to 5.02) profiles were all associated with a higher risk of mortality.
CONCLUSION
Given the threefold higher mortality risk among those with a 'most sedentary' profile, public health interventions may target this group wherein any improvement in physical activity and sedentary behaviour might be beneficial.
PubMed: 38952852
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001873 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Rhythm is known to play an important role in infant language acquisition, but few infant language development studies have considered that rhythm is multimodal and shows...
Rhythm is known to play an important role in infant language acquisition, but few infant language development studies have considered that rhythm is multimodal and shows strong connections between speech and the body. Based on the observation that infants sometimes show rhythmic motor responses when listening to auditory rhythms, the present study asked whether specific rhythm cues (pitch, intensity, or duration) would systematically increase infants' spontaneous rhythmic body movement, and whether their rhythmic movements would be associated with their speech processing abilities. We used pre-existing experimental and video data of 148 German-learning 7.5- and 9.5-month-old infants tested on their use of rhythm as a cue for speech segmentation. The infants were familiarized with an artificial language featuring syllables alternating in pitch, intensity, duration, or none of these cues. Subsequently, they were tested on their recognition of bisyllables based on perceived rhythm. We annotated infants' rhythmic movements in the videos, analyzed whether the rhythmic moving durations depended on the perceived rhythmic cue, and correlated them with the speech segmentation performance. The result was that infants' motor engagement was highest when they heard a duration-based speech rhythm. Moreover, we found an association of the quantity of infants' rhythmic motor responses and speech segmentation. However, contrary to the predictions, infants who exhibited fewer rhythmic movements showed a more mature performance in speech segmentation. In sum, the present study provides initial exploratory evidence that infants' spontaneous rhythmic body movements while listening to rhythmic speech are systematic, and may be linked with their language processing. Moreover, the results highlight the need for considering infants' spontaneous rhythmic body movements as a source of individual differences in infant auditory and speech perception.
PubMed: 38952821
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1370007 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024The objective of this study is to develop a consensus among experts on a comprehensive and scientifically sound physical activity-related injuries (PARI) public health...
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study is to develop a consensus among experts on a comprehensive and scientifically sound physical activity-related injuries (PARI) public health education program specifically tailored for undergraduates.
METHODS
This study designed three rounds of expert consultation by using a Delphi method. A panel of 30 experts from the fields of public health education, sports medicine, anesthesia pain, emergency medicine, and emergency nursing participated in the study.
RESULTS
This study successfully established a consensus among experts on the goals, content, teaching methods, and time allocation for the PARI Public Health Education Program for undergraduates. The program encompasses 10 objectives divided into 2 main categories: professional knowledge and skill goals. In terms of content, it includes 5 primary indicators, 22 secondary indicators, and 56 detailed tertiary indicators. Six teaching methods were identified as suitable. Additionally, a typical 60-min educational session was segmented into eight parts, with a proposed time arrangement for each, ensuring comprehensive coverage of all topics.
CONCLUSION
The consensus achieved in this study on the PARI Public Health Education Program for undergraduates lays a crucial foundation for the advancement of health literacy and proactive health management within this demographic. We presented a comprehensive framework for PARI public health education, integrating diverse learning methods and content areas. This systematic approach not only enriched the resources available for undergraduate health education, especially of PARI but also had the potential to significantly impact the implementation and effectiveness of health promotion strategies.
Topics: Humans; Delphi Technique; China; Public Health; Exercise; Health Education; Curriculum; Male; Female; East Asian People
PubMed: 38952723
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1390011 -
Ecology and Evolution Jul 2024Migratory birds experience changes in their environment and diet during seasonal migrations, thus requiring interactions between diet and gut microbes. Understanding the...
Migratory birds experience changes in their environment and diet during seasonal migrations, thus requiring interactions between diet and gut microbes. Understanding the co-evolution of the host and gut microbiota is critical for elucidating the rapid adaptations of avian gut microbiota. However, dynamics of gut microbial adaptations concerning elevational migratory behavior, which is prevalent but understudied in montane birds remain poorly understood. We focused on the Himalayan bluetail () in the montane forests of Mt. Gongga to understand the diet-gut microbial adaptations of elevational migratory birds. Our findings indicate that elevational migratory movements can rapidly alter gut microbial composition and function within a month. There was a significant interaction between an animal-based diet and gut microbiota across migration stages, underscoring the importance of diet in shaping microbial communities. Furthermore, the gut microbial composition of may be potentially altered by high-altitude acclimatization. An increase in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism was observed in response to low temperatures and limited resources, resulting in enhanced energy extraction and nutrient utilization. Moreover, microbial communities in distinct gut segments varied in relative abundance and responses to environmental changes. While the bird jejunum exhibited greater susceptibility to food and environmental fluctuations, there was no significant difference in metabolic capacity among gut segments. This study provides initial evidence of rapid diet-gut microbial changes in distinct gut segments of elevational migratory birds and highlights the importance of seasonal sample collection. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the unique high-altitude adaptation patterns of the gut microbiota for montane elevational migratory birds.
PubMed: 38952660
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11617 -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2024As robot teleoperation increasingly becomes integral in executing tasks in distant, hazardous, or inaccessible environments, operational delays remain a significant...
INTRODUCTION
As robot teleoperation increasingly becomes integral in executing tasks in distant, hazardous, or inaccessible environments, operational delays remain a significant obstacle. These delays, inherent in signal transmission and processing, adversely affect operator performance, particularly in tasks requiring precision and timeliness. While current research has made strides in mitigating these delays through advanced control strategies and training methods, a crucial gap persists in understanding the neurofunctional impacts of these delays and the efficacy of countermeasures from a cognitive perspective.
METHODS
This study addresses the gap by leveraging functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine the neurofunctional implications of simulated haptic feedback on cognitive activity and motor coordination under delayed conditions. In a human-subject experiment ( = 41), sensory feedback was manipulated to observe its influences on various brain regions of interest (ROIs) during teleoperation tasks. The fNIRS data provided a detailed assessment of cerebral activity, particularly in ROIs implicated in time perception and the execution of precise movements.
RESULTS
Our results reveal that the anchoring condition, which provided immediate simulated haptic feedback with a delayed visual cue, significantly optimized neural functions related to time perception and motor coordination. This condition also improved motor performance compared to the asynchronous condition, where visual and haptic feedback were misaligned.
DISCUSSION
These findings provide empirical evidence about the neurofunctional basis of the enhanced motor performance with simulated synthetic force feedback in the presence of teleoperation delays. The study highlights the potential for immediate haptic feedback to mitigate the adverse effects of operational delays, thereby improving the efficacy of teleoperation in critical applications.
PubMed: 38952645
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1338453 -
Clinical Parkinsonism & Related... 2024People with a chronic condition such as Parkinson's disease (PD) struggle with acceptance and finding meaning in life. Consciousness coaching could be a valuable...
BACKGROUND
People with a chronic condition such as Parkinson's disease (PD) struggle with acceptance and finding meaning in life. Consciousness coaching could be a valuable addition in addressing these issues.
OBJECTIVE
We aim to evaluate the user experiences and potential effectiveness of consciousness coaching for people with PD (PwPD).
METHODS
We performed a pilot randomized controlled trial including PwPD in Hoehn & Yahr stage 1-3. People with cognitive impairments, severe psychiatric disorders, or those who did not have a clear issue to address with consciousness coaching, were excluded. PwPD were randomly allocated to either receiving 6 months of consciousness coaching in addition to usual care or to usual care alone. To explore experiences we performed semi-structured qualitative interviews with all PwPD in the intervention group. Potential effects were explored using questionnaires on quality of life, activities of daily life, self-management and non-motor symptoms at baseline and after 6 months.
RESULTS
We included 39 PwPD, 19 participants in the intervention group and 20 in the control group. Based on the interviews, we identified a number of themes and codes. In general PwPD experienced consciousness coaching as confronting but supportive in reaching their goals and in taking more responsibility for their lives. Quantitatively, we did not find a difference between groups for any of the outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Consciousness coaching was considered valuable by most participants in this study and may be an interesting addition to PD treatment. We did not find any effects of the intervention on PD symptoms or quality of life.
PubMed: 38952436
DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2024.100261 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024There is limited information about the relationship between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, this study aims to...
INTRODUCTION
There is limited information about the relationship between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, this study aims to explore the associations of accelerometer-measured PA and sedentary behaviors with CKD.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 survey cycles. A uniaxial accelerometer measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST). The associations of PA and ST with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and odds of CKD adopted the generalized linear regression, multivariable logistic regression, and isotemporal substitution models.
RESULTS
A total of 5,990 adults with 605 CKD patients were included in this study. Compared with the individuals in the first quartile group, participants in the fourth quartile of low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and ST were associated with 52% (35%, 65%) and 42% (14%, 62%) lower odds of CKD and 64% (17%, 131%) higher odds of CKD, respectively. Substituting 30 min/day of ST with equivalent LIPA/MVPA contributed to risk reduction in CKD.
DISCUSSION
The findings suggest that increased LIPA and MVPA and reduced ST were associated with a lower risk of CKD and that replacing ST with LIPA may decrease the risk of CKD.
Topics: Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Male; Female; Sedentary Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Middle Aged; Accelerometry; Adult; Nutrition Surveys; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Aged
PubMed: 38952392
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1403998 -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2024Expeditious strides in the fields of biomaterials, computer-aided design, and manufacturing have catapulted clear aligner therapy (CAT) to become a comprehensive...
Expeditious strides in the fields of biomaterials, computer-aided design, and manufacturing have catapulted clear aligner therapy (CAT) to become a comprehensive orthodontic treatment modality. The efficiency of achieving planned tooth movement with clear aligners is a significant consideration while setting up the final treatment goals, as well as calculating treatment times and costs based on the available evidence. Contemporary research outcomes confirm that one of the most commonly reported clinical concerns with CAT is the discrepancy between the prescribed outcome in the digital treatment plan and the clinically achieved outcome from a given series of aligners. Inaccurate prediction of tooth movements may not only lead to a prolonged duration of aligner treatment with an additional need for refinement strategies; but it may also cause other concerns, such as patient burnout and increased potential for relapse. The authors of this paper have elucidated some of the critical elements that may help address this discrepancy between digitally prescribed and clinical outcomes based on an evidence-based approach with regard to the predictability and accuracy of CAT. A strong diagnostic acumen, judicious case selection, solid biomechanical understanding of various types of orthodontic tooth movements, a research framework that keeps pace with technological and material developments and provides evidence-based knowledge of the limitations of CAT; and above all, the ability of the clinician to continually innovate as per different clinical scenarios, all contribute to attaining treatment predictability, efficacy, and efficiency with CAT.
PubMed: 38952301
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2024.2024.4 -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2024To evaluate the effect of continuous arch and piggyback mechanics in a straight wire appliance (SWA) for the alignment of buccal and variably vertically positioned...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of continuous arch and piggyback mechanics in a straight wire appliance (SWA) for the alignment of buccal and variably vertically positioned maxillary canines.
METHODS
A three-dimensional finite element model with near-normal occlusion and buccal and vertically displaced maxillary canines was used. Two groups were created to simulate two commonly used SWAs techniques, continuous archwire (Group 1) and piggyback models (Group 2). Each group had three subgroups with varying vertical displacement of the canine from 2 to 6 mm from the occlusal plane. The displacement and stress distribution were noted in each group.
RESULTS
As the vertical displacement increased in Group 1, the concentration of von Mises stress increased progressively at the incisal third (0.36, 0.41 and 0.44 MPa) at 2, 4, and 6 mm, respectively, with decreased maximum occlusal movement in the vertical plane with respect to the canine. Group 2 exhibited a similar pattern but greater occlusal movement of the canine compared with Group 1.
CONCLUSION
A vertical displacement of 4 mm is the optimal level at which continuous arch mechanics should be considered. For displacements beyond 4 mm, the piggyback wire technique is a suitable alternative.
PubMed: 38952300
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2022.172 -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2024To evaluate possible temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms that may occur due to mask use in dentists during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic period and...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate possible temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms that may occur due to mask use in dentists during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic period and identify potentially effective factors.
METHODS
An online questionnaire consisting of three parts was sent to dentists and clinical dental students. The first part included questions regarding sociodemographic information. In the second part, questions were asked to evaluate stress levels, TMD symptoms, and treatment of TMD, if any, before (T0) and during the pandemic (T1). In the last part, professional mask choice, mask-related parafunctional movements, and breathing patterns while wearing a mask were evaluated.
RESULTS
TMD symptoms and stress levels were significantly higher at T1. An increase in mouth breathing and mask-related parafunctional movements was reported during the use of N95 masks compared with daily life in dentists whose professional mask selection was an N95 respirator. The change in temporomandibular joints pain and muscle pain at rest between T0 and T1 was higher in those whose professional mask choice was N95 respirators than in those who chose to wear one surgical mask.
CONCLUSION
The increase in mouth breathing and mask-related parafunctional movements during the use of N95 respirators may increase TMD.
PubMed: 38952229
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2023.2