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PloS One 2024Microalgae's ability to mitigate flue gas is an attractive technology that can valorize gas components through biomass conversion. However, tolerance and growth must be...
Microalgae's ability to mitigate flue gas is an attractive technology that can valorize gas components through biomass conversion. However, tolerance and growth must be ideal; therefore, acclimation strategies are suggested. Here, we compared the transcriptome and lipidome of Desmodesmus abundans strains acclimated to high CO2 (HCA) and low CO2 (LCA) under continuous supply of model flue gas (MFG) and incomplete culture medium (BG11-N-S). Initial growth and nitrogen consumption from MFG were superior in strain HCA, reaching maximum productivity a day before strain LCA. However, similar productivities were attained at the end of the run, probably because maximum photobioreactor capacity was reached. RNA-seq analysis during exponential growth resulted in 16,435 up-regulated and 4,219 down-regulated contigs in strain HCA compared to LCA. Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to nucleotides, amino acids, C fixation, central carbon metabolism, and proton pumps. In all pathways, a higher number of up-regulated contigs with a greater magnitude of change were observed in strain HCA. Also, cellular component GO terms of chloroplast and photosystems, N transporters, and secondary metabolic pathways of interest, such as starch and triacylglycerols (TG), exhibited this pattern. RT-qPCR confirmed N transporters expression. Lipidome analysis showed increased glycerophospholipids in strain HCA, while LCA exhibited glycerolipids. Cell structure and biomass composition also revealed strains differences. HCA possessed a thicker cell wall and presented a higher content of pigments, while LCA accumulated starch and lipids, validating transcriptome and lipidome data. Overall, results showed significant differences between strains, where characteristic features of adaptation and tolerance to high CO2 might be related to the capacity to maintain a higher flux of internal C, regulate intracellular acidification, active N transporters, and synthesis of essential macromolecules for photosynthetic growth.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Transcriptome; Acclimatization; Lipidomics; Microalgae; Gene Expression Profiling; Photosynthesis; Lipid Metabolism; Chlorophyceae
PubMed: 38758755
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299780 -
Current Biology : CB Jun 2024A fundamental question in dinosaur evolution is how they adapted to long-term climatic shifts during the Mesozoic and when they developed environmentally independent,...
A fundamental question in dinosaur evolution is how they adapted to long-term climatic shifts during the Mesozoic and when they developed environmentally independent, avian-style acclimatization, becoming endothermic. The ability of warm-blooded dinosaurs to flourish in harsher environments, including cold, high-latitude regions, raises intriguing questions about the origins of key innovations shared with modern birds, indicating that the development of homeothermy (keeping constant body temperature) and endothermy (generating body heat) played a crucial role in their ecological diversification. Despite substantial evidence across scientific disciplines (anatomy, reproduction, energetics, biomechanics, osteohistology, palaeobiogeography, geochemistry, and soft tissues), a consensus on dinosaur thermophysiology remains elusive. Differential thermophysiological strategies among terrestrial tetrapods allow endotherms (birds and mammals) to expand their latitudinal range (from the tropics to polar regions), owing to their reduced reliance on environmental temperature. By contrast, most reptilian lineages (squamates, turtles, and crocodilians) and amphibians are predominantly constrained by temperature in regions closer to the tropics. Determining when this macroecological pattern emerged in the avian lineage relies heavily on identifying the origin of these key physiological traits. Combining fossils with macroevolutionary and palaeoclimatic models, we unveil distinct evolutionary pathways in the main dinosaur lineages: ornithischians and theropods diversified across broader climatic landscapes, trending toward cooler niches. An Early Jurassic shift to colder climates in Theropoda suggests an early adoption of endothermy. Conversely, sauropodomorphs exhibited prolonged climatic conservatism associated with higher thermal conditions, emphasizing temperature, rather than plant productivity, as the primary driver of this pattern, suggesting poikilothermy with a stronger dependence on higher temperatures in sauropods.
Topics: Animals; Dinosaurs; Biological Evolution; Birds; Fossils; Body Temperature Regulation; Acclimatization
PubMed: 38754424
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.051 -
Biology Open May 2024There is evidence that indicates that temperature modulates the reproduction of the tropical species Octopus maya, through the over- or under-expression of many genes in...
There is evidence that indicates that temperature modulates the reproduction of the tropical species Octopus maya, through the over- or under-expression of many genes in the brain. If the oxygen supply to the brain depends on the circulatory system, how temperature affects different tissues will begin in the heart, responsible for pumping the oxygen to tissues. The present study examines the impact of heat stress on the mitochondrial function of the systemic heart of adult O. maya. The mitochondrial metabolism and antioxidant defense system were measured in the systemic heart tissue of female organisms acclimated to different temperatures (24, 26, and 30°C). The results show that acclimation temperature affects respiratory State 3 and State 4o (oligomycin-induced) with higher values observed in females acclimated at 26°C. The antioxidant defense system is also affected by acclimation temperature with significant differences observed in superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase activities, and glutathione levels. The results suggest that high temperatures (30°C) could exert physical limitations on the circulatory system through the heart pumping, affecting nutrient and oxygen transport to other tissues, including the brain, which exerts control over the reproductive system. The role of the cardiovascular system in supporting aerobic metabolism in octopus females is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Female; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Octopodiformes; Antioxidants; Climate Change; Acclimatization; Temperature; Heart; Myocardium; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 38752595
DOI: 10.1242/bio.060103 -
Nature May 2024Plants exposed to incidences of excessive temperatures activate heat-stress responses to cope with the physiological challenge and stimulate long-term acclimation. The...
Plants exposed to incidences of excessive temperatures activate heat-stress responses to cope with the physiological challenge and stimulate long-term acclimation. The mechanism that senses cellular temperature for inducing thermotolerance is still unclear. Here we show that TWA1 is a temperature-sensing transcriptional co-regulator that is needed for basal and acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. At elevated temperatures, TWA1 changes its conformation and allows physical interaction with JASMONATE-ASSOCIATED MYC-LIKE (JAM) transcription factors and TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS-RELATED (TPR) proteins for repressor complex assembly. TWA1 is a predicted intrinsically disordered protein that has a key thermosensory role functioning through an amino-terminal highly variable region. At elevated temperatures, TWA1 accumulates in nuclear subdomains, and physical interactions with JAM2 and TPL appear to be restricted to these nuclear subdomains. The transcriptional upregulation of the heat shock transcription factor A2 (HSFA2) and heat shock proteins depended on TWA1, and TWA1 orthologues provided different temperature thresholds, consistent with the sensor function in early signalling of heat stress. The identification of the plant thermosensors offers a molecular tool for adjusting thermal acclimation responses of crops by breeding and biotechnology, and a sensitive temperature switch for thermogenetics.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Cell Nucleus; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Heat Shock Transcription Factors; Heat-Shock Proteins; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; Repressor Proteins; Temperature; Thermosensing; Thermotolerance; Transcription Factors; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38750356
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07424-x -
Plant Molecular Biology May 2024The plant-specific homeodomain-leucine zipper I subfamily is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, particularly growth, development and stress...
The plant-specific homeodomain-leucine zipper I subfamily is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, particularly growth, development and stress response. In the present study, we characterized four BnaHB6 homologues from Brassica napus. All BnaHB6 proteins have transcriptional activation activity. Structural and functional data indicate the complex role of BnaHB6 genes in regulating biological processes, with some functions conserved and others diverged. Transcriptional analyzes revealed that they are induced in a similar manner in different tissues but show different expression patterns in response to stress and circadian rhythm. Only the BnaA09HB6 and BnaC08HB6 genes are expressed under dehydration and salt stress, and in darkness. The partial transcriptional overlap of BnaHB6s with the evolutionarily related genes BnaHB5 and BnaHB16 was also observed. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a single proBnaHB6::GUS partially confirmed the expression results. Bioinformatic analysis allowed the identification of TF-binding sites in the BnaHB6 promoters that may control their expression under stress and circadian rhythm. ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed that BnaA09HB6 and BnaC08HB6 bind directly to the promoters of the target genes BnaABF4 and BnaDREB2A. Comparison of their expression patterns in the WT plants and the bnac08hb6 mutant showed that BnaC08HB6 positively regulates the expression of the BnaABF4 and BnaDREB2A genes under dehydration and salt stress. We conclude that four BnaHB6 homologues have distinct functions in response to stress despite high sequence similarity, possibly indicating different binding preferences with BnaABF4 and BnaDREB2A. We hypothesize that BnaC08HB6 and BnaA09HB6 function in a complex regulatory network under stress.
Topics: Brassica napus; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins; Dehydration; Salt Stress; Transcription Factors; Leucine Zippers; Plants, Genetically Modified; Homeodomain Proteins; Arabidopsis; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Phylogeny; Circadian Rhythm; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 38750303
DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01465-6 -
Scientific Reports May 2024The growth and productivity of crop plants are negatively affected by salinity-induced ionic and oxidative stresses. This study aimed to provide insight into the...
Azolla filiculoides extract improved salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is associated with prompting osmostasis, antioxidant potential and stress-interrelated genes.
The growth and productivity of crop plants are negatively affected by salinity-induced ionic and oxidative stresses. This study aimed to provide insight into the interaction of NaCl-induced salinity with Azolla aqueous extract (AAE) regarding growth, antioxidant balance, and stress-responsive genes expression in wheat seedlings. In a pot experiment, wheat kernels were primed for 21 h with either deionized water or 0.1% AAE. Water-primed seedlings received either tap water, 250 mM NaCl, AAE spray, or AAE spray + NaCl. The AAE-primed seedlings received either tap water or 250 mM NaCl. Salinity lowered growth rate, chlorophyll level, and protein and amino acids pool. However, carotenoids, stress indicators (EL, MDA, and HO), osmomodulators (sugars, and proline), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, APX, and PPO), and the expression of some stress-responsive genes (POD, PPO and PAL, PCS, and TLP) were significantly increased. However, administering AAE contributed to increased growth, balanced leaf pigments and assimilation efficacy, diminished stress indicators, rebalanced osmomodulators and antioxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of stress-induced genes in NaCl-stressed plants, with priming surpassing spray in most cases. In conclusion, AAE can be used as a green approach for sustaining regular growth and metabolism and remodelling the physio-chemical status of wheat seedlings thriving in salt-affected soils.
Topics: Triticum; Salt Tolerance; Antioxidants; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Seedlings; Plant Extracts; Ferns; Stress, Physiological; Salinity; Sodium Chloride; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38750032
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61155-7 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024Temperature affects the rate of biochemical and physiological processes in amphibians, influencing metamorphic traits. Temperature patterns, as those observed in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Temperature affects the rate of biochemical and physiological processes in amphibians, influencing metamorphic traits. Temperature patterns, as those observed in latitudinal and altitudinal clines, may impose different challenges on amphibians depending on how species are geographically distributed. Moreover, species' response to environmental temperatures may also be phylogenetically constrained. Here, we explore the effects of acclimation to higher temperatures on tadpole survival, development, and growth, using a meta-analytical approach. We also evaluate whether the latitude and climatic variables at each collection site can explain differences in species' response to increasing temperature and whether these responses are phylogenetically conserved. Our results show that species that develop at relatively higher temperatures reach metamorphosis faster. Furthermore, absolute latitude at each collection site may partially explain heterogeneity in larval growth rate. Phylogenetic signal of traits in response to temperature indicates a non-random process in which related species resemble each other less than expected under Brownian motion evolution (BM) in all traits, except survival. The integration of studies in a meta-analytic framework allowed us to explore macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns and provided a better understanding of the effects of climate change on amphibians.
Topics: Animals; Larva; Amphibians; Temperature; Biological Evolution; Climate Change; Phylogeny; Metamorphosis, Biological; Acclimatization
PubMed: 38747789
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230671 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Melia azedarach demonstrates strong salt tolerance and thrives in harsh saline soil conditions, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we...
Melia azedarach demonstrates strong salt tolerance and thrives in harsh saline soil conditions, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed gene expression under low, medium, and high salinity conditions to gain a deeper understanding of adaptation mechanisms of M. azedarach under salt stress. The GO (gene ontology) analysis unveiled a prominent trend: as salt stress intensified, a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) became enriched in categories related to metabolic processes, catalytic activities, and membrane components. Through the analysis of the category GO:0009651 (response to salt stress), we identified four key candidate genes (CBL7, SAPK10, EDL3, and AKT1) that play a pivotal role in salt stress responses. Furthermore, the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signaling pathways and starch and sucrose metabolism under both medium and high salt exposure in comparison to low salt conditions. Notably, genes involved in JAZ and MYC2 in the jasmonic acid (JA) metabolic pathway were markedly upregulated in response to high salt stress. This study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying M. azedarach salt tolerance and identifies potential candidate genes for enhancing salt tolerance in M. azedarach.
Topics: Salt Tolerance; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Expression Profiling; Salt Stress; Transcriptome; Salinity; Gene Ontology; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 38745099
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61907-5 -
Comptes Rendus Biologies May 2024History has remembered Joseph Banks as the explorer-botanist of the first voyage of James Cook. Yet, shortly after his return, he got elected president of the Royal...
History has remembered Joseph Banks as the explorer-botanist of the first voyage of James Cook. Yet, shortly after his return, he got elected president of the Royal Society and, for over 40 years, he then played in Great Britain an eminent role in reorganizing natural sciences and advocating an "economic botany". He actively intervened in acclimatization and varietal selection of plants and animals in Great Britain as in the future English colonies. Thus he built an intellectual environment which will promote the emergence of Charles Darwin's thoughts.
Topics: History, 19th Century; United Kingdom; Botany; Biological Evolution; Animals; Natural History
PubMed: 38739379
DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.152 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024is an important fig species that produces edible and nutritious fruit and possesses several therapeutic uses. This study reports an effective method for the...
is an important fig species that produces edible and nutritious fruit and possesses several therapeutic uses. This study reports an effective method for the micropropagation of using nodal explants. In vitro shoots were cultured for 7 weeks onto MS medium fortified with different concentrations of cytokinins, light intensities, sucrose concentrations, and light/dark incubation treatments. Optimal axillary shoot proliferation (10.9 shoots per explant) was obtained on a medium containing 30 g/L sucrose and supplemented with 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) under 35 μmol/m/s light intensity. Dark incubation limited the foliage growth but favored shoot elongation and rooting compared with light incubation. Elongated shoots, under dark conditions, were rooted (100%; 6.67 roots per explant) onto MS medium containing 1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.5 g/L activated charcoal. The micropropagated plantlets were acclimatized with a 95% survival rate. In this study, the genetic fidelity of micropropagated clones along with their mother plant was tested using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and start codon targeted (SCoT) molecular markers. The genetic similarity between the micropropagated plantlets and the mother plant of was nearly 95.9%, assuring high uniformity and true-to-type regenerated plants. Using micropropagated plantlets as a rootstock proved appropriate for the grafting 'Brown Turkey'. These findings contribute to the commercial propagation and production of the fig crop.
PubMed: 38732493
DOI: 10.3390/plants13091278