-
BMC Oral Health May 2021Subgingival microbiome in disease-associated subgingival sites is known to be dysbiotic and significantly altered. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the extent...
BACKGROUND
Subgingival microbiome in disease-associated subgingival sites is known to be dysbiotic and significantly altered. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the extent of dysbiosis in disease- and health-associated subgingival sites is not clear.
METHODS
8 RA and 10 non-RA subjects were recruited for this pilot study. All subjects received full oral examination and underwent collection of subgingival plaque samples from both shallow (periodontal health-associated, probing depth ≤ 3mm) and deep subgingival sites (periodontal disease-associated, probing depth ≥ 4 mm). RA subjects also had rheumatological evaluation. Plaque community profiles were analyzed using 16 S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
The phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities in both RA and non-RA controls was significantly higher in deep subgingival sites compared to shallow sites (p = 0.022), and the overall subgingival microbiome clustered primarily according to probing depth (i.e. shallow versus deep sites), and not separated by RA status. While a large number of differentially abundant taxa and gene functions was observed between deep and shallow sites as expected in non-RA controls, we found very few differentially abundant taxa and gene functions between deep and shallow sites in RA subjects. In addition, compared to non-RA controls, the UniFrac distances between deep and shallow sites in RA subjects were smaller, suggesting increased similarity between deep and shallow subgingival microbiome in RA. Streptococcus parasanguinis and Actinomyces meyeri were overabundant in RA subjects, while Gemella morbillorum, Kingella denitrificans, Prevotella melaninogenica and Leptotrichia spp. were more abundant in non-RA subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
The aggregate subgingival microbiome was not significantly different between individuals with and without rheumatoid arthritis. Although the differences in the overall subgingival microbiome was driven primarily by probing depth, in contrast to the substantial microbiome differences typically seen between deep and shallow sites in non-RA patients, the microbiome of deep and shallow sites in RA patients were more similar to each other. These results suggest that factors associated with RA may modulate the ecology of subgingival microbiome and its relationship to periodontal disease, the basis of which remains unknown but warrants further investigation.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gemella; Humans; Kingella; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Pilot Projects; Streptococcus
PubMed: 33964928
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01597-x -
NMC Case Report Journal Jul 2020Intracranial subdural abscess is a rare condition. Although brain abscess is often reported in relation to dental infection, reports of intracranial subdural abscess are...
Intracranial subdural abscess is a rare condition. Although brain abscess is often reported in relation to dental infection, reports of intracranial subdural abscess are few. spp. forms part of the normal flora of the oral, gastrointestinal, and genital tract, and is rarely the cause of intracranial infection; moreover, the pathogen is very rare. We report an exceptional case of intracranial subdural abscess caused by and related to dental treatment. A 57-year-old woman initially presented with a 5-day history of headache. Because left arm numbness and weakness became apparent, she was admitted to our department. She had a history of hypertension and dental problems requiring tooth extractions. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showed a 1-cm right convexity hyperintense mass above the postcentral gyrus. A post-gadolinium T1-weighted image showed a thin hypointense area with peripheral rim enhancement in the right subdural space that appeared to partially thicken in the same location as the DWI-positive mass. She underwent emergent navigation-guided drainage and 4 mL of pus was obtained. Postoperatively, left arm numbness and weakness disappeared. Cultures showed growth of and . She was started on intravenous penicillin G and metronidazole. After a 4-week course of the intravenous antibiotics, her headache gradually improved and the abscess in the subdural space subsided. To our best knowledge this is the first case report of intracranial subdural abscess caused by associated with dental treatment.
PubMed: 32695562
DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2019-0246 -
BMC Microbiology Jul 2020The possibility that smokeless tobacco may contribute to oral carcinogenesis by influencing the oral microbiome has not been explored. This preliminary cross-sectional...
BACKGROUND
The possibility that smokeless tobacco may contribute to oral carcinogenesis by influencing the oral microbiome has not been explored. This preliminary cross-sectional study sought to assess the effect of using shammah, a form of smokeless tobacco prevalent in Arabia, on the tongue microbiome. Tongue scarping samples were obtained from 29 shammah users (SU; 27.34 ± 6.9 years) and 23 shammah non-users (SNU; 27.7 ± 7.19 years) and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3). Species-level taxonomy assignment of the high-quality, merged reads was obtained using a previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses were performed with QIIME, LEfSe, and R.
RESULTS
A total of 178 species, belonging to 62 genera and 8 phyla were identified. Genera Streptococcus, Leptotrichia, Actinomyces, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Prevotella and Neisseria accounted for more than 60% of the average microbiome. There were no differences between the two groups in species richness and alpha-diversity, but PCoA showed significant separation (P = 0.015, ANOSIM). LEfSe analysis identified 22 species to be differentially abundant between the SU and SNU. However, only 7 species maintained a false discovery rate of ≤0.2 and could cluster the two groups separately: Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 66, Actinomyces meyeri, Streptococcus vestibularis Streptococcus sanguinis and a potentially novel Veillonella species in association with SU, and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum with SNU.
CONCLUSION
These preliminary results indicate that shammah use induces tongue microbiome changes including enrichment of several species with high acetaldehyde production potential, which warrants further investigation.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Male; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tobacco, Smokeless; Tongue; Young Adult
PubMed: 32640977
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01883-8 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2020Brain abscesses are the rare and most severe form of actinomycosis, which usually manifests as abscesses of the occipital or parietal lobe due to direct expansion from...
BACKGROUND
Brain abscesses are the rare and most severe form of actinomycosis, which usually manifests as abscesses of the occipital or parietal lobe due to direct expansion from an adjacent area, the oral cavity. In the medical literature, there are only a few reported cases of brain abscess caused by Actinomyces meyeri. In this report, we present a 35-year-old male patient who experienced an insidious headache and left-sided weakness and was diagnosed with an Actinomyces meyeri brain abscess.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 35-year-old Nepalese man came to our institute with the primary complaint of insidious onset of headache and left-sided weakness. His physical examination was remarkable for the left-sided weakness with power 2/5 on both upper and lower limbs, hypertonia, hyperreflexia and positive Babinski sign, with intact sensory function. Cardiac examination revealed systolic murmur with regular S1 and S2, and lung examination was normal. The patient had poor dental hygiene. Biochemistry and haematology panel were normal. Urinalysis, chest X-ray and electrocardiogram revealed no abnormality. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed mitral regurgitation. However, there was no evidence of valvular vegetation. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed, which showed a bi-lobed rim enhancing lesion with a conglomeration of two adjoining round lesions in the right parietal parasagittal region. Perilesional oedema resulting in mass effect over the right lateral ventricle and mid-right uncal herniation with midline shift was noted. Craniotomy was performed, and the lesion was excised. Gram staining of the extracted sample revealed gram variable filamentous rods. Creamy white, moist, confluent colonies were observed after performing anaerobic culture in chocolate agar. On the gram staining, they showed gram-positive filamentous rods. Actinomyces meyeri was identified based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology. Based on the susceptibilities, he was successfully treated with ampicillin-sulbactam.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, Actinomyces should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain abscess in patients with poor dental hygiene, and early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can lead to better results.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Brain Abscess; Headache; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Radiography
PubMed: 32460724
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05100-9 -
Surgery Journal (New York, N.Y.) Apr 2019Pleural empyema necessitatis caused by is a rare but severe infection. predominantly and represent the second most common pathogen for empyema necessitans after...
Pleural empyema necessitatis caused by is a rare but severe infection. predominantly and represent the second most common pathogen for empyema necessitans after mycobacteria. The incidence is reported in the literature to be 1:300,000. Men are thrice more likely to be affected than women. Pathogenetically, an infection can be triggered by aspiration in immunocompromised individuals which leads to an atelectasis with pneumonitis. In two cases, a 38-year-old construction worker and a 61-year-old woman with ulcerative breast carcinoma, who presented to the local emergency department with a painful swelling of the left chest, diagnostic workup revealed a pleural empyema necessitatis of the left chest. An antibiotic treatment was initiated with piperacillin/tazobactam and sulbactam/ampicillin, respectively. Temporally vacuum-dressing therapy was initiated after surgical debridement. In the course of the procedure, a reconstruction of tissue damage was feasible. The patients were recovered completely and discharged with an oral antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin) for 6 and 12 months, respectively. Thoracic actinomycosis is a relatively uncommon and traditionally chronic, indolent infection secondary to pulmonary infection with . Surgical treatment is generally reserved for cases failing to resolve with antibiotic therapy. Early diagnosis, prompt debridement, and narrow spectrum β-lactam antibiotics can result in complete resolution of infection and good prognosis.
PubMed: 31317069
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693653