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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023In search for natural products with antimicrobial properties for use in the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis, the purpose of this investigation was to...
In search for natural products with antimicrobial properties for use in the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of curcumin and xanthohumol, using an in vitro multi-species dynamic biofilm model including and . The antimicrobial activities of curcumin (5 mM) and xanthohumol (100 μM) extracts, and the respective controls, were evaluated with 72-h biofilms formed over dental implants by their submersion for 60 seconds. The evaluation was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the data analysis, comparisons were tested applying ANOVA tests with Bonferroni corrections to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of both extracts. With qPCR, statistically significant reductions in bacterial counts were observed for curcumin and xanthohumol, when compared to the negative control. The results with CLSM and SEM were consistent with those reported with qPCR. It was concluded that both curcumin and xanthohumol have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the six bacterial species included in the dynamic in vitro biofilm model used.
Topics: Curcumin; Dental Implants; Biofilms; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 36768657
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032335 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jan 2023BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and fluoride release of 4 different glass ionomer cements (GIC). MATERIAL AND METHODS A...
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and fluoride release of 4 different glass ionomer cements (GIC). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 200 samples were prepared: Riva Silver, a silver-reinforced GIC; Equia Forte HT, a glass hybrid GIC; ChemFil Rock, a zinc-added GIC; and Ketac™ Molar Easymix. Using the agar diffusion test for antibacterial activity, 30 samples from each group were analyzed for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces naeslundii. The areas around the samples where no bacterial growth occurred were digitally measured and recorded. For cytotoxicity analysis, the WST-1 test was performed on 10 samples from each group using the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. The fluoride release property was evaluated using an ion-selective electrode method on 10 samples from each group. RESULTS The group that used Ketac™ Molar Easymix showed the lowest antibacterial activity against S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and A. naeslundii. In all 3 days of cytotoxicity testing, the group that used Riva Silver was found to be the least toxic material, while the group that used ChemFil Rock did not have viable cells after the 1st day. In all 4 materials, fluoride release values gradually increased since the first day, with Ketac™ Molar Easymix having the highest fluoride release. CONCLUSIONS Of all the GICs tested, Ketac™ Molar Easymix demonstrated the least antibacterial activity despite having the highest fluoride release, while Riva Silver was found to be the least cytotoxic material.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Fluorides; Silver; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Glass Ionomer Cements; Dental Cements; Dentistry; Materials Testing
PubMed: 36683310
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.939065 -
Caries Research 2023Red fluorophores synthesized by oral bacteria are important for fluorescence-based diagnosis and treatment because they are used as markers for bacterially infected...
Red fluorophores synthesized by oral bacteria are important for fluorescence-based diagnosis and treatment because they are used as markers for bacterially infected tissue, mature plaque, or calculus. A range of porphyrins have been identified as the source of this fluorescence in carious tissue. It is not clear which of these porphyrins are produced by individual oral bacteria or whether this ability depends on other factors. This study examined and compared the fluorescence spectra produced by selected cultured oral bacteria when grown on agars containing different nutrients with spectra for protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, haematoporphyrin, and haematin. Actinomyces israelii (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen [DSM], 43320), Actinomyces naeslundii (DSM 43013), Fusobacterium nucleatum (DSM, 20482), Lactobacillus casei (DSM, 20011), Prevotella intermedia (DSM, 20706), Streptococcus mutans (DSM, 20523), Streptococcus oralis (DSM, 20627), Streptococcus salivarius (DSM, 20560) and Streptococcus sobrinus (DSM, 20742) were rehydrated and grown anaerobically on caso, caso blood (containing 5% sheep blood), and caso chlorophyll (containing 5% spinach extract) agar for 3 days at 37°C in the dark. Colonies were harvested, transferred to ethanol, and centrifuged. Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from the supernatant at 405 nm excitation (Fluorolog 3-22, Jobin Yvon-Spex ISA, Edison, NJ, USA). All Streptococci, L. casei, and F. nucleatum produced red fluorescence when grown on caso and caso chlorophyll agar but not on caso blood agar. A. naeslundii and P. intermedia emitted intense red fluorescence when grown on caso or caso blood agar but not on caso chlorophyll agar. Fluorescence emission spectra of A. naeslundii and P. intermedia grown on caso blood agar correlated exactly with both fluorescence peaks for protoporphyrin-IX at 632 and 701 nm. Most peaks observed could be correlated with at least one of the emission peaks of protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, or haematoporphyrin. Oral bacteria emitted red fluorescence matching known porphyrins, but this depended on nutrients available in the agar.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Porphyrins; Agar; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Streptococcus mutans; Culture Media; Chlorophyll; Actinomyces
PubMed: 36529123
DOI: 10.1159/000528731 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Gut microbiota is intrinsically associated with the immune system and can promote or suppress infectious diseases, especially viral infections. This study aims to...
BACKGROUND
Gut microbiota is intrinsically associated with the immune system and can promote or suppress infectious diseases, especially viral infections. This study aims to characterize and compare the microbiota profile of infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 (milder or severe symptoms), non-infected people, and recovered patients. This is a national, transversal, observational, multicenter, and case-control study that analyzed the microbiota of COVID-19 patients with mild or severe symptoms at home, at the hospital, or in the intensive care unit, patients already recovered, and healthy volunteers cohabiting with COVID-19 patients. DNA was isolated from stool samples and sequenced in a NGS platform. A demographic questionnaire was also applied. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS.
RESULTS
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios were found to be significantly lower in infected patients (1.61 and 2.57) compared to healthy volunteers (3.23) and recovered patients (3.89). Furthermore, the microbiota composition differed significantly between healthy volunteers, mild and severe COVID-19 patients, and recovered patients. Furthermore, , and were shown to be more frequent in severe cases. The most common COVID-19 symptoms were linked to certain microbiome groups.
CONCLUSION
We can conclude that microbiota composition is significantly affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be used to predict COVID-19 clinical evolution. Therefore, it will be possible to better allocate healthcare resources and better tackle future pandemics.
PubMed: 36483197
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035422 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022This study was aimed at engineering photocrosslinkable azithromycin (AZ)-laden gelatin methacryloyl fibers via electrospinning to serve as a localized and biodegradable...
This study was aimed at engineering photocrosslinkable azithromycin (AZ)-laden gelatin methacryloyl fibers via electrospinning to serve as a localized and biodegradable drug delivery system for endodontic infection control. AZ at three distinct amounts was mixed with solubilized gelatin methacryloyl and the photoinitiator to obtain the following fibers: GelMA+5%AZ, GelMA+10%AZ, and GelMA+15%AZ. Fiber morphology, diameter, AZ incorporation, mechanical properties, degradation profile, and antimicrobial action against and were also studied. In vitro compatibility with human-derived dental pulp stem cells and inflammatory response in vivo using a subcutaneous rat model were also determined. A bead-free fibrous microstructure with interconnected pores was observed for all groups. GelMA and GelMA+10%AZ had the highest fiber diameter means. The tensile strength of the GelMA-based fibers was reduced upon AZ addition. A similar pattern was observed for the degradation profile in vitro. GelMA+15%AZ fibers led to the highest bacterial inhibition. The presence of AZ, regardless of the concentration, did not pose significant toxicity. In vivo findings indicated higher blood vessel formation, mild inflammation, and mature and thick well-oriented collagen fibers interweaving with the engineered fibers. Altogether, AZ-laden photocrosslinkable GelMA fibers had adequate mechanical and degradation properties, with 15%AZ displaying significant antimicrobial activity without compromising biocompatibility.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Animals; Azithromycin; Hydrogels; Gelatin; Infection Control
PubMed: 36430238
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213761 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Bacterial adhesion to dental implants is the onset for the development of pathological biofilms. Reliable characterization of this initial process is the basis towards...
Bacterial adhesion to dental implants is the onset for the development of pathological biofilms. Reliable characterization of this initial process is the basis towards the development of anti-biofilm strategies. In the present study, single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS), by means of an atomic force microscope connected to a microfluidic pressure control system (FluidFM), was used to comparably measure adhesion forces of different oral bacteria within a similar experimental setup to the common implant material titanium. The bacteria selected belong to different ecological niches in oral biofilms: the commensal pioneers and ; secondary colonizer ; and the late colonizing pathogens as well as fimbriated and non-fimbriated . The results showed highest values for early colonizing pioneer species, strengthening the link between adhesion forces and bacteria's role in oral biofilm development. Additionally, the correlation between biophysical cellular characteristics and SCFS results across species was analyzed. Here, distinct correlations between electrostatically driven maximum adhesion force, bacterial surface elasticity and surface charge as well as single-molecule attachment points, stretching capability and metabolic activity, could be identified. Therefore, this study provides a step towards the detailed understanding of oral bacteria initial adhesion and could support the development of infection-resistant implant materials in future.
PubMed: 36290534
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100567 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022This study analyzed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action and cytotoxicity of extract (HEScL) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-HEScL) from leaves. GC-MS, UV-Vis, EDX,...
This study analyzed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action and cytotoxicity of extract (HEScL) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-HEScL) from leaves. GC-MS, UV-Vis, EDX, FEG/SEM, DLS and zeta potential assays were used to characterize the extract or nanoparticles. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxicity analyses were carried out by methods: agar diffusion, microdilution and normal oral keratinocytes spontaneously immortalized (NOK-SI) cell culture. MICs of planktonic cells ranged from 31.2-250 (AgNPs-HEScL) to 1,296.8-10,375 μg/ml (HEScL) for , , , , , , , and . AgNPs-HEScL showed antibiofilm effects (125-8,000 μg/ml) toward , and , and and . The NOK-SI exhibited no cytotoxicity when treated with 32.8 and 680.3 μg/ml of AgNPs-HEScL and HEScL, respectively, for 5 min. The data suggest potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of HEScL, and more specifically, AgNPs-HEScL, involving pathogens of medical and dental interest (dose-, time- and species-dependent). The cytotoxicity of HEScL and AgNPs-HEScL detected in NOK-SI was dose- and time-dependent. This study presents toxicological information about the lyophilized ethanolic extract of leaves, including their metallic nanoparticles, and adds scientific values to incipient studies found in the literature.
PubMed: 36246249
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.995521 -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 2022The patient is an 82-year-old male with a past medical history of aortic valve replacement who presented to the emergency department after a fall. He developed atrial...
The patient is an 82-year-old male with a past medical history of aortic valve replacement who presented to the emergency department after a fall. He developed atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, leading to hospitalization. During hospital admission, the patient complained of midline thoracic back pain, and an extensive evaluation for this complaint revealed discitis and osteomyelitis with epidural abscess near the T7 and T8 vertebrae that did not result in neurological deficits and required no surgical intervention. A total of 2 blood cultures were reported positive for , and . A transesophageal echocardiogram showed a small vegetation on the aortic prosthetic valve with probable small vegetation on the mitral valve. He was prescribed ceftriaxone intravenously for 12 weeks, followed by amoxicillin 2 g orally twice a day for at least 12 months. is not commonly known to cause infective endocarditis, whereas , and have been reported to do so. One previous case of was reported to cause prosthetic valve endocarditis as a single infectious agent. To our knowledge, this is the first case report for as part of multimicrobial bacteremia leading to endocarditis, discitis, and osteomyelitis.
PubMed: 36237290
DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12821 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022Implant-associated infection due to biofilm formation is a growing problem. Given that silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have shown antibacterial effects, our goal is to...
Implant-associated infection due to biofilm formation is a growing problem. Given that silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have shown antibacterial effects, our goal is to study their effect against multispecies biofilm involved in the development of peri-implantitis. To this purpose, Ag-NPs were synthesized by laser ablation in de-ionized water using two different lasers, leading to the production of colloidal suspensions. Subsequently, part of each suspension was subjected to irradiation one and three times with the same laser source with which it was obtained. Ag-NPs were immobilized on the surface of titanium discs and the resultant materials were compared with unmodified titanium coupons. Nanoparticles were physico-chemically analysed to determine their shape, crystallinity, chemical composition, and mean diameter. The materials were incubated for 90 min or 48 h, to evaluate bacterial adhesion or biofilm formation respectively with or oral mixed bacterial flora composed of , , , and . Ag-NPs help prevent the formation of biofilms both by and by mixed oral bacterial flora. Nanoparticles re-irradiated three times showed the biggest antimicrobial effects. Modifying dental implants in this way could prevent the development of peri-implantitis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Dental Implants; Humans; Laser Therapy; Metal Nanoparticles; Peri-Implantitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Re-Irradiation; Silver; Staphylococcus aureus; Suspensions; Titanium; Water
PubMed: 36233328
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912027 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 2022Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various...
Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various bacterial species previously implicated in root caries disease or health using quantitative real-time PCR in a pilot study of 7 patients with 1 to 4 root caries lesions per person. Levels of 12 different species on diseased roots compared to healthy (contralateral control) roots were measured. Four species were found at significantly higher levels on diseased roots (Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula/dispar, Actinomyces naeslundii/viscosus, and Capnocytophaga granulosa) compared across all plaque samples. The level of colonization by these species varied dramatically (up to 1,000-fold) between patients, indicating different patients have different bacteria contributing to root caries disease. Neither of the two species previously reported to correlate with healthy roots (C. granulosa and Delftia acidovorans) showed statistically significant protective roles in our population, although D. acidovorans showed a trend toward higher levels on healthy teeth (0.08). There was a significant positive correlation between higher levels of S. mutans and V. parvula/dispar on the same diseased teeth. mixed biofilm studies demonstrated that co-culturing S. mutans and V. parvula leads to a 50 to 150% increase in sucrose-dependent biofilm mass compared to S. mutans alone, depending on the growth conditions, while V. parvula alone did not form biofilms. The presence of V. parvula also decreased the acidification of S. mutans biofilms when grown in artificial saliva and enhanced the health of mixed biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Streptococcus mutans; Root Caries; Saliva, Artificial; Pilot Projects; Veillonella; Biofilms; Sucrose; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36129298
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00355-22