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Journal of Oral Microbiology Apr 2021: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sucrose concentration and bacteria proportion in a multispecies biofilm model. : ( (), and (es) were...
: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sucrose concentration and bacteria proportion in a multispecies biofilm model. : ( (), and (es) were chose to form a multispecies biofilm. Different concentration (0-40%) of sucrose was introduced to the multispecies biofilm 3 times per day (30 min per time). And then the bacteria proportion and acid production of the biofilms were analyzed. : Increasing sucrose level increased CFU count of up to a certain concentration (5% sucrose), after which the number of slightly decreased, but the CFU counts of and es continually decreased with sucrose concentration increase, especially, from 5% sucrose, the reduction was significant, and became the dominant species in the biofilms. Furthermore, the acid production ability of the multispecies biofilm gradually increased and slightly decreased with sucrose concentration increased, and the turning concentration was 5%. : Our findings suggest that increasing sucrose level could increase the competitiveness of in the multispecies biofilm, which may shift the biofilm to a more cariogenic one, and 5% sucrose formed a most cariogenic biofilm in this study.
PubMed: 33889308
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1910443 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2021The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the bactericidal potential of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) alone, potassium iodide (PI) alone, and the two in...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the bactericidal potential of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) alone, potassium iodide (PI) alone, and the two in combination (SDF + PI) against three bacterial species commonly found in root canal samples (Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces naeslundii and Parvimonas micra).
METHODS
The potential bactericidal rates for SDF, PI and SDF + PI against E. faecalis, A. naeslundii and P. micra were calculated as reduction of bacteria colony forming units.
RESULTS
The bactericidal potential of SDF was at 99.97-100% against E. faecalis and 100% against A. naeslundii and P. micra. SDF + PI showed a 100% bactericidal effect against P. micra, 99.89-99.98% against E. faecalis and 99.98-100% against A. naeslundii. The bactericidal effect of PI was 99.51-99.98% against E. faecalis, 99.27-99.95% against A. naeslundii and 99.93-100% against P. micra. The differences between controls and bacteria exposed to the antibacterial agents were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
SDF had an effective bactericidal effect against the examined bacteria. However, the limitations of this in vitro study do not allow a recommendation of the employment of these solutions as root canal irrigants. Additional investigations are necessary to assess their endodontic clinical applicability.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterococcus faecalis; Firmicutes; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Potassium Iodide; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Root Canal Irrigants; Silver Compounds
PubMed: 33827520
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01531-1 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2021Excessive biofilm formation on surfaces in the oral cavity is amongst the main reasons for severe infection development like periodontitis and peri-implantitis....
BACKGROUND
Excessive biofilm formation on surfaces in the oral cavity is amongst the main reasons for severe infection development like periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Mechanical biofilm removal as well as the use of adjuvant antiseptics supports the prevention of pathogenic biofilm formation. Recently, the antibacterial effect of the oral care product REPHA-OS, based on medicinal plant extracts and essential oils, has been demonstrated on oral pathogens grown on agar plates. In the present study, the effectiveness of the product on medical relevant oral biofilm development should be demonstrated for the first time.
METHODS
An established in vitro oral multispecies biofilm, composed of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar and Porphyromonas gingivalis, was used to analyze the antibacterial effect of different REPHA-OS concentrations on planktonic bacteria, biofilm formation and mature biofilms. It was quantified using metabolic activity assays and live/dead fluorescence staining combined with three-dimensional confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Additionally, effects on species distribution inside the biofilm were assessed by means of quantitative real-time PCR.
RESULTS
REPHA-OS showed statistically significant antimicrobial effects on all stages of biofilm development: a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5% could be detected for both, for planktonic bacteria and for biofilm formation. Interestingly, only a slightly higher concentration of 10% was necessary to completely kill all bacteria in mature biofilms also. In contrast, an influence on the biofilm matrix or the species distribution could not be observed. The effect could be attributed to the herbal ingredients, not to the contained ethanol.
CONCLUSION
The strong antibacterial effect of REPHA-OS on different stages of oral biofilm development strengthens its application as an alternative adjuvant in oral care therapies.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Veillonella
PubMed: 33794846
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01504-4 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2021Severe periodontal disease is highly prevalent worldwide, affecting 20% of the population between the ages of 35 and 44 years. The etiological epidemiology in Peru is...
BACKGROUND
Severe periodontal disease is highly prevalent worldwide, affecting 20% of the population between the ages of 35 and 44 years. The etiological epidemiology in Peru is scarce, even though some studies describe a prevalence of 48.5% of periodontal disease in the general population. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases associated with site-specific changes in the oral microbiota and it has been associated with a socioeconomic state. This study aimed to determine the etiology and resistance profile of bacteria identified in a group of Peruvian patients with periodontal disease.
METHODS
Six subgingival plaque samples were collected from eight patients with severe periodontitis. Bacterial identification was carried out by an initial culture, PCR amplification, and subsequently DNA sequencing. We evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility by the disk diffusion method.
RESULTS
Variable diversity in oral microbiota was identified in each one of the eight patients. The bacterial genus most frequently found was spp. (15/48, 31.3%) followed by spp. (11/48, 22.9%), spp. (9/48, 18.8%), and spp. (4/48, 8.3%). The most common species found was (8/48, 16.7%). The antimicrobial susceptibility assay varied according to the species tested; however, among all the isolates evaluated, was resistant to penicillin and tetracycline; was resistant to dicloxacillin; and was resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and metronidazole but also susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
CONCLUSIONS
The most prevalent periodontal bacterium found in this study was Specific antimicrobial therapy is required to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with periodontal disease and avoid antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 33679978
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2695793 -
Microorganisms Feb 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of sp. nov. To test anti-biofilm properties, and were grown in a biofilm...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of sp. nov. To test anti-biofilm properties, and were grown in a biofilm model in the presence or not of sp. nov. for up to 120 h. For the potential antibacterial activity, 24 h-biofilms were exposed to sp. nov for 24 and 48 h. Biofilms structures and bacterial viability were studied by microscopy, and the effect in bacterial load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A generalized linear model was constructed, and results were considered as statistically significant at < 0.05. The presence of sp. nov. during biofilm development did not affect the structure of the community, but an anti-biofilm effect against was observed ( < 0.001, after 96 and 120 h). For antibacterial activity, after 24 h of exposure to sp. nov., counts of ( = 0.019) and ( = 0.020) were significantly reduced in well-structured biofilms. Although moderate, anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of sp. nov. against oral bacteria, including some periodontal pathogens, were demonstrated in an in vitro biofilm model.
PubMed: 33671537
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020450 -
Heliyon Feb 2021Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers release antibacterial borate and fluoride ions. We fabricated nanoscale S-PRG fillers (S-PRG nanofillers) for...
OBJECTIVES
Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers release antibacterial borate and fluoride ions. We fabricated nanoscale S-PRG fillers (S-PRG nanofillers) for antibacterial coating of tooth surfaces and assessed the antibacterial effects of this coating in vitro. In addition, we creating a canine model of periodontitis to evaluate the effectiveness of S-PRG nanofiller application on tooth roots and improvement of periodontal parameters.
METHODS
Human dentin blocks were coated with S-PRG nanofiller (average particle size: 0.48 μm) and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), and ion-releasing test. Antibacterial effects of dentin blocks coated with S-PRG nanofiller were examined using bacterial strains, and Next, we created an experimental model of periodontitis in furcation of premolars of beagle dogs. Then, S-PRG nanofiller coating was applied onto exposed tooth root surfaces. Periodontal parameters, gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured from baseline until 4 weeks. In addition, bone healing was radiographically and histologically examined.
RESULTS
SEM and EDX revealed that S-PRG nanofillers uniformly covered the dentin surface after coating. Dentin blocks coated with S-PRG nanofiller showed ion-releasing property, bacterial growth inhibition, and sterilization effects. In the experimental periodontitis model, S-PRG nanofiller coating significantly reduced clinical inflammatory parameters, such as GI (P < 0.01) and BOP (P < 0.05), compared to uncoated samples. In addition, PPD and CAL significantly decreased by S-PRG nanofiller coating (2 weeks: P < 0.05; 3 and 4 weeks: P < 0.01), suggesting the improvement of periodontitis. Micro-CT and histology revealed that bone healing of furcation defects was enhanced by S-PRG nanofiller coating.
CONCLUSION
S-PRG nanofiller coating provides antibacterial effects to tooth surfaces and improves clinical parameters of periodontitis.
PubMed: 33644453
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06147 -
IDCases 2021Preterm birth is a global concern with considerable morbidity and mortality. Intrapartum infection is a known cause of preterm birth and infection is one of the...
Preterm birth is a global concern with considerable morbidity and mortality. Intrapartum infection is a known cause of preterm birth and infection is one of the infections contributing to preterm birth. We report a case of preterm birth of a trisomy-21 neonate to a mother with positive from an intra-operative placental swab sample and discussed the relationship of this bacteria and preterm delivery, and the role of postpartum antibiotics use in this case.
PubMed: 33532241
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01051 -
BioMed Research International 2021Quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) are useful antimicrobial compounds against oral bacteria. Here, we investigated the effects of two QAMs, dimethylaminododecyl...
Quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) are useful antimicrobial compounds against oral bacteria. Here, we investigated the effects of two QAMs, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), on biofilm formation, survival and development of tolerance by biofilm, and survival and development of tolerance against QAMs after prolonged starvation. (. ), (. ), (. ), and (. ) were used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of QAMs against multispecies biofilm was determined. Biofilm formed under sub-MIC was observed by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Metabolic activity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactic acid production measurement. Development of tolerance was determined by MIC values before and after exposure to QAMs or after prolonged starvation. It was found that . and . could survive and form biofilm under sub-MIC of QAMs. Lactic acid production from biofilms formed under sub-MIC was significantly higher than control specimens ( < 0.05). The exposure to sub-MIC of QAMs promoted biofilm formation, and prolonged starvation or prolonged contact with sub-MIC helped bacteria develop tolerance against killing by QAMs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Diseases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Methacrylates; Methylamines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Streptococcus gordonii
PubMed: 33511211
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8461245 -
BioMed Research International 2020This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial property of an injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) scaffold containing triple antibiotic mixture against an ()...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial property of an injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) scaffold containing triple antibiotic mixture against an () and () biofilm in an infected immature root canal model.
METHODS
A dual-species biofilm was inoculated inside the root canals via a series of centrifugal cycles. The samples were allocated to three experimental groups (i.e., G1: triple antibiotic mixture, G2: I-PRF containing triple antibiotic mixture, and G3: antibiotic-free I-PRF scaffold) and two control groups (G4: seven-day biofilm untreated and G5: bacteria-free untreated).
RESULTS
Bacterial gene quantification change and the overall reduction of live bacteria were evaluated. The highest antibacterial activity against belonged to G2. However, G1 and G2 had similar antibacterial property against ( value = 0.814). In general, experimental groups revealed higher levels of antibacterial activity against than against ( value < 0.001). Notably, G2 could dramatically decrease the number of live bacteria up to near 92%.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study provides insight into the antibacterial property of an antibiotic-eluting I-PRF scaffold against a dual-species biofilm colonized inside the root canal. The fabricated scaffold contains not only the antibiotics but also the growth factors, which favor the regeneration.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bicuspid; Biofilms; Dental Pulp Cavity; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 33490247
DOI: 10.1155/2020/6623830 -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2021To identify novel autoantigens from circulating immune complexes (CICs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and further explore their clinical significance.
OBJECTIVES
To identify novel autoantigens from circulating immune complexes (CICs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and further explore their clinical significance.
METHODS
From serum samples of 10 early RA (ERA) patients and 10 healthy donors, CICs were isolated and subjected to orbitrap mass spectrometry for autoantigen identification. Antibodies against the peptidoglycan recognition protein-2 (PGLYRP-2) derived from CICs were further detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 178 patients with RA, compared with 59 osteoarthritis (OA), 59 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 55 ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 95 primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and 50 healthy controls (HC).
RESULTS
Thirty-three potential antigens out of 323 proteins were identified from CICs of RA patients. The autoantibodies to PGLYRP-2 were significantly increased in RA patients with 42.70% sensitivity and 85.20% specificity in comparison to other rheumatic diseases and healthy controls. The prevalence of anti-PGLYRP-2 was also elevated in subgroups of RA, with 34.72% in ERA, 35.29% in RF negative and 42.86% in anti-CCP negative patients. Further analysis suggested that anti-PGLYRP-2 was potentially accompanied with production of other autoantibodies in RA. In addition, we found by homology analysis that an epitope of PGLYRP-2442-447 mimics amino acid residues 431-436 of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (NAMLAA) in actinomyces naeslundii.
CONCLUSIONS
Autoantibody against PGLYRP-2 was identified as a promising biomarker in RA, especially in early and seronegative patients.
Topics: Actinomyces; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; Carrier Proteins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 33427621
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/vlvlqu