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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022For dental caries and periodontal diseases initiated by dental plaque (as bacterial communities) and to inhibit the growth of oral pathogenic bacteria, oral care...
For dental caries and periodontal diseases initiated by dental plaque (as bacterial communities) and to inhibit the growth of oral pathogenic bacteria, oral care products containing antiseptic active ingredients are highly recommended, nonetheless, side effects of such actives are a concern (teeth discoloration/staining and taste perception, for example). In this context, we challenged xylityl sesquicaprylate, an antiseptic compound from natural resources, as an active ingredient to be used in an alcohol-free mouthwash formulation. The xylityl sesquicaprylate sample was compared to a respective blank mouthwash formulation and one containing triclosan. The in vitro efficacy was screened by the time-kill assay against eight microorganisms. The xylityl sesquicaprylate-containing mouthwash (0.45% w/w) presented a particularly interesting profile of efficacy against Actinomyces viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia, with results of greater magnitude to reduce the log10 of those microorganisms in comparison with the triclosan sample.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Mouthwashes; Triclosan; Dental Caries; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 36615226
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010028 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Sep 2022The present study aims to study antibacterial effects and cellular mechanisms of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles loaded with piroctone olamine (Fe3O4@PO NPs) against...
BACKGROUND
The present study aims to study antibacterial effects and cellular mechanisms of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles loaded with piroctone olamine (Fe3O4@PO NPs) against some cariogenic bacteria ( and
METHODS
Nanoparticles was synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Antibacterial effects of Fe3O4@PO NPs were performed by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). We also evaluated the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein leakage to assess whether antibacterial effects may be dependent on these mechanisms.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that PO showed the lowest antibacterial effect compared to other drugs tested with MICs values of 53.33 and 64 μg/ml for and , respectively. In contrast, the highest antibacterial effect was related to Fe3O4@PONPs with MICs values of 2.66 and 3.33 μg/ml for and , respectively. Fe3O4@PONPs, Fe3O4MNP, and PO markedly increased (p < 0.001) ROS production and protein leakage of tested bacteria at ≥¼ MIC, ≥1/3 MIC, and ½ MIC, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The findings of the present survey revealed the promising antibacterial effects of Fe3O4@PONP against some cariogenic bacteria; whereas it triggered the ROS production and protein leakage as the possible antibacterial mode of action of anti-infective agents. However, additional surveys are necessary to elucidate the accurate mechanisms of these nanoparticles.
PubMed: 36147164
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104291 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 2022Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various...
Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various bacterial species previously implicated in root caries disease or health using quantitative real-time PCR in a pilot study of 7 patients with 1 to 4 root caries lesions per person. Levels of 12 different species on diseased roots compared to healthy (contralateral control) roots were measured. Four species were found at significantly higher levels on diseased roots (Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula/dispar, Actinomyces naeslundii/viscosus, and Capnocytophaga granulosa) compared across all plaque samples. The level of colonization by these species varied dramatically (up to 1,000-fold) between patients, indicating different patients have different bacteria contributing to root caries disease. Neither of the two species previously reported to correlate with healthy roots (C. granulosa and Delftia acidovorans) showed statistically significant protective roles in our population, although D. acidovorans showed a trend toward higher levels on healthy teeth (0.08). There was a significant positive correlation between higher levels of S. mutans and V. parvula/dispar on the same diseased teeth. mixed biofilm studies demonstrated that co-culturing S. mutans and V. parvula leads to a 50 to 150% increase in sucrose-dependent biofilm mass compared to S. mutans alone, depending on the growth conditions, while V. parvula alone did not form biofilms. The presence of V. parvula also decreased the acidification of S. mutans biofilms when grown in artificial saliva and enhanced the health of mixed biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Streptococcus mutans; Root Caries; Saliva, Artificial; Pilot Projects; Veillonella; Biofilms; Sucrose; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36129298
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00355-22 -
European Review For Medical and... Aug 2022The aim of the study was to determine the bacterial-adherence to the experimental pellicle pretreated with commercially available oral-rinse/ photosensitizer (mimicking...
The effect of selected commercially available mouth-rinses vs. curcumin photosensitizers in an artificial mouth model mimicking their use before meals on early colonizers single species biofilm.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to determine the bacterial-adherence to the experimental pellicle pretreated with commercially available oral-rinse/ photosensitizer (mimicking use of oral-rinse/ photosensitizer before meals).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An artificial mouth (NAM) system was used for the development of single-species biofilm (Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis respectively). Two commercially available oral-rinses containing active ingredients [Essential oils (EO) and Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) were used. Curcumin photosensitizer (PS) was used as a photosensitizer against the microbes. For the adherence study, the experimental pellicle on the beads (in the capillary tubes of the NAM system) was pretreated with the oral-rinse and photosensitizer before the inoculation of bacteria; this would resemble the use of rinse/ photosensitizer before meal. The bacterial population of the biofilm was determined using serial dilution assay and expressed as colony forming unit per ml. Deionized distilled water was used in place of oral-rinse/photosensitizer and served as a negative-control. For the qualitative study, bacterial population viewing was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
RESULTS
It was observed that on treatment with the oral-rinses the bacterial population of S.mitis, S.sanguinis and A.viscosus (adherence) was significantly reduced where the reduction was less for EO-based oral-rinse compared with that of CHX and curcumin PS in the following sequence EO
CONCLUSIONS
From the results, it appears that curcumin photosensitizer and oral-rinses contain CHX to be preferably used before-meal and EO after-meal.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Biofilms; Curcumin; Meals; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35993642
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202208_29415 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022To investigate the degradation effect of bovine trypsin on multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related bacteria and to provide an experimental reference for exploring...
To investigate the degradation effect of bovine trypsin on multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related bacteria and to provide an experimental reference for exploring new methods for controlling biofilms of periodontitis-related microorganisms, the multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related microorganisms was established. Standard strains of subsp. , , and were co-cultured to form the biofilm. The experimental groups were treated with bovine trypsin, distilled water was applied as the blank control group, and phosphate saline buffer (pH = 7.4) as the negative control group. Morphological observation and quantitative analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), live bacteria, and dead bacteria were conducted using a laser confocal microscope. The morphological changes of EPS and bacteria were also observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results of morphological observations of modeling were as follows. EPS aggregated as agglomerates, and bacteria flora were wrapped by them, showing a three-dimensional network structure, and channel-like structures were inside the biofilm. Live bacteria were distributed on the surface of the EPS or embedded in them, dead bacteria aggregated between live flora and the bottom layer of biofilms. After being treated with bovine trypsin, the three-dimensional network structure and the channel-like structure disappeared, and the EPS and live and dead bacteria decreased. Quantitative analysis results are as follows. When biofilm was treated for 30 s, 1 min, and 3 min, the minimum effective concentrations of bovine trypsin to reduce EPS were 2 mg/ml ( < 0.05), 0.5 mg/ml ( < 0.05), and 0.25 mg/ml ( < 0.05), respectively. The minimum effective concentrations of bovine trypsin to reduce the live or dead bacteria were 2 mg/ml ( < 0.05), 0.5 mg/ml ( < 0.05), and 0.5 mg/ml ( < 0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the ratio of live/dead bacteria after the biofilm was treated for 30 s with bovine trypsin at the concentration of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml ( > 0.05), and the minimum effective concentration to reduce the ratio of live bacteria/dead bacteria was 0.25 mg/ml ( < 0.05) after treatment for 1 min and 3 min. Therefore, bovine trypsin can destroy biofilm structure, disperse biofilm and bacteria flora, and reduce the EPS and bacterial biomass, which are positively correlated with the application time and concentration.
PubMed: 35992661
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951291 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2022, commonly known as frangipani or West Indian jasmine, is a traditional and ancient folklore medicine known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant...
CONTEXT
, commonly known as frangipani or West Indian jasmine, is a traditional and ancient folklore medicine known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The extracts from obtained from the leaves, bark, and flowers, are commonly used to manage bacterial, fungal, and viral infections such as herpes, scabies, and fungal infections. The constituents of the plant have shown promising antihelmintic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic properties. Although studies have confirmed that extracts from species are effective against microbial infections and cancer, its role in managing oral diseases, particularly the chronic inflammatory disease of the gums (gingivitis and periodontitis), has never been explored. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the flower extract against oral and periodontal pathogens compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This was an study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The ethanolic extract was prepared from the freshly plucked flowers. The antimicrobial properties of the extract were evaluated by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and well-diffusion assay against , and . The results were compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline. The cytotoxicity was checked by the against human-derived gingival fibroblast and keratinocytes.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
One-way ANOVA for the mean zones of inhibition against all the microorganisms was done.
RESULTS
extract inhibited the growth for all the tested oral and periodontal pathogens at 25 μg/ml. The well-diffusion assay of extract was comparable to chlorhexidine but was not statistically significant compared to doxycycline.
CONCLUSION
can be used as a promising alternative to chlorhexidine for the management of oral and periodontal infections.
PubMed: 35959306
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_329_21 -
The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2022In dental treatments, the reason for secondary caries and the failure of root canal treatment is the microbial infection, which concerns most dentists. The challenge of...
INTRODUCTION
In dental treatments, the reason for secondary caries and the failure of root canal treatment is the microbial infection, which concerns most dentists. The challenge of how to reduce the number of bacteria at the filling materials and the number of residual bacteria in the root canal has become a research hotspot. In this study, the bacterial adhesion properties of several common dental materials were compared to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of antibacterial properties of dental materials. . Three commonly used dental restorative materials and five sealers in root canal treatment were selected. Each material block was immersed in the corresponding supragingival ( and ) or subgingival ( and ) bacterial solution and cultured under anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h. The adhesion of bacteria was observed, and the number of different bacteria adhering to various material model disks was calculated at different time intervals under a scanning electron microscope. The adherent CFU load of the materials was determined by colony counting.
RESULTS
and exhibited the strongest adhesion ability to the resin material blocks. and exhibited the highest adhesion ability to the AH-Plus sealer block.
CONCLUSIONS
In dental treatments, dental materials should be selected based on the chemical, physical, and biological properties of materials. In addition, it is necessary to develop new antibacterial dental materials.
PubMed: 35959001
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9595067 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022The cross-kingdom interactions between Candida albicans and Actinomyces viscosus play critical roles in root caries. However, the key pathway by which C. albicans...
The cross-kingdom interactions between Candida albicans and Actinomyces viscosus play critical roles in root caries. However, the key pathway by which C. albicans regulates its interactions with A. viscosus is unclear. Here, we first employed 39 volunteers with root caries and 37 caries-free volunteers, and found that the abundances of C. albicans and A. viscosus were significantly increased in the individuals with root caries and showed a strong positive correlation. Their dual-species combination synergistically promoted biofilm formation and root caries in rats. The arginine biosynthesis pathway of C. albicans was significantly upregulated in dual-species biofilms and dental plaques from another 10 root caries volunteers compared with the 10 caries-free volunteers. The exogenous addition of arginine increased the cariogenicity of the dual-species biofilm. The C. albicans , a key gene from the arginine biosynthesis pathway, null mutant failed to promote dual-species biofilm formation and root caries in rats; however, the addition of arginine restored its synergistic actions with A. viscosus. Our results identified the critical roles of the C. albicans arginine biosynthesis pathway in its cross-kingdom interactions with A. viscosus for the first time and indicated that targeting this pathway was a practical way to treat root caries caused by multiple species. Root caries is a critical problem that threatens the oral health of the elderly population. Our results identified the essential roles of the C. albicans arginine biosynthesis pathway in its cross-kingdom interactions with A. viscosus in root caries for the first time and indicated that targeting this pathway was a practical way to treat root caries caused by multiple species.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Aged; Animals; Arginine; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Dental Caries; Humans; Rats; Root Caries
PubMed: 35862976
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00782-22 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022Peri-implantitis is the leading cause of dental implant failure, initially raised by biofilm accumulation on the implant surface. During the development of biofilm, ()...
Peri-implantitis is the leading cause of dental implant failure, initially raised by biofilm accumulation on the implant surface. During the development of biofilm, () plays a pivotal role in initial attachment as well as the bacterial coaggregation of multispecies pathogens. Hence, eliminating the -associated biofilm is fundamental for the regeneration of the lost bone around implants. Whereas clinical evidence indicated that antimicrobials and debridement did not show significant effects on the decontamination of biofilm on the implant surface. In this study, alpha-amylase was investigated for its effects on disassembling biofilm. Then, in order to substantially disperse biofilm under biosafety concentration, D-arginine was employed to appraise its enhancing effects on alpha-amylase. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of D-arginine enhancing alpha-amylase. 0.1-0.5% alpha-amylase showed significant effects on disassembling biofilm, with definite cytotoxicity toward MC3T3-E1 cells meanwhile. Intriguingly, 8 mM D-arginine drastically enhanced the eradication of biofilm biomass by 0.01% alpha-amylase with biosafety in 30 min. The exopolysaccharides of biofilm were also thoroughly hydrolyzed by 0.01% alpha-amylase with 8 mM D-arginine. The biofilm thickness and integrity were disrupted, and the exopolysaccharides among the extracellular matrix were elusive. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that with the hydrogen bonding of D-arginine to the catalytic triad and calcium-binding regions of alpha-amylase, the atom fluctuation of the structure was attenuated. The distances between catalytic triad were shortened, and the calcium-binding regions became more stable. Molecular docking scores revealed that D-arginine facilitated the maltotetraose binding process of alpha-amylase. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that D-arginine enhances the disassembly effects of alpha-amylase on biofilm through potentiating the catalytic triad and stabilizing the calcium-binding regions, thus providing a novel strategy for the decontamination of biofilm contaminated implant surface.
PubMed: 35309977
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.864012 -
Scanning 2021To compare the effects of bleaching associated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser on enamel structure and mixed biofilm formation on teeth surfaces.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of bleaching associated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser on enamel structure and mixed biofilm formation on teeth surfaces.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty-eight enamel samples were randomly divided into four groups ( = 17), control, Opalescence Boost only, Opalescence Boost plus Er: YAG laser, and Opalescence Boost plus Nd:YAG laser. The structure was observed using SEM after bleaching. Subsequently, the treated enamel samples were also cultured in suspensions of , , , and () for 24 and 48 h. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining, and the structure was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis method.
RESULTS
The enamel structure significantly changed after bleaching. There was no obvious difference in the biofilm formation after 24 h; however, after 48 hours, the amount of biofilm increased significantly. Remarkably, the amount was significantly higher on enamel bleached only, however, there was no significant difference between samples bleached with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser compared to the control.
CONCLUSIONS
Bleaching only appeared to markedly promote biofilm formation after 48 h, and the biofilms on samples bleached with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser did not change significantly, showing that bleaching with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser can be safely applied in clinical practice.
Topics: Biofilms; Dental Enamel; Lasers, Solid-State; Tooth Bleaching; Humans
PubMed: 35003484
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6400605