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Gynecologic Oncology Reports Jun 2024
PubMed: 38736718
DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101407 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a subset of immunological constituents within the tumor microenvironment that can influence cancer growth. We...
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a subset of immunological constituents within the tumor microenvironment that can influence cancer growth. We retrospectively evaluate the density and pattern of CD3 and CD20 expression in salivary gland tumors and their relation to clinical pathologic parameters. A total of 44 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of salivary gland tumors were included. These tumors were stained immunohistochemically with CD3 and CD20. The chi-square test was used to relate immune scoring, intensity, and clinical pathological parameters to different salivary tumors. -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The intra-tumoral CD3 infiltrating count was high and diffused in (71.4%) of pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) followed by mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) (66.7%). At the same time, adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs) exhibited significantly low infiltration (71.4%) ( = 0.046). The three types of tumors exhibited high tumor-infiltrating counts diffused in peripheral areas with significant differences between malignant tumors ( = 0.047). The intra-tumoral CD20 infiltrating count significantly differed among the tumors ( = 0.002); it was low in all PAs and AdCCs, while MECs showed an equal percentage of expression. However, in the peripheral area, PAs and MECs exhibited significantly ( = 0.007) high infiltrating counts (69.2% and 84.6), and the lowest infiltrating count was predominantly found for AdCCs. The two markers had a significant positive correlation between the mean of CD3 in the intra-tumoral and peripheral regions and CD20 in the peripheral zone across the total samples. In conclusion, the density of CD3 expression is notably higher than CD20 across tumor types. PAs and MECs showed high-density scores, while AdCCs were characterized by low scores. TIL expression was found to be significantly associated with patients' outcomes in the intra-tumoral area.
PubMed: 38732373
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090959 -
BMC Cancer May 2024Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (NACC) is a rare malignancy with special biological features. Controversies exist regarding the treatment approach and prognostic...
OBJECTIVE
Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (NACC) is a rare malignancy with special biological features. Controversies exist regarding the treatment approach and prognostic factors in the IMRT era. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and management approaches in NACC.
METHODS
Fifty patients with NACC at our institution between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. Sixteen patients received primary radiotherapy (RT), and 34 patients underwent primary surgery.
RESULTS
Between January 2010 and October 2020, a total of 50 patients with pathologically proven NACC were included in our analysis. The median follow-up time was 58.5 months (range: 6.0-151.0 months). The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and progression-free survival rate (PFS) were 83.9% and 67.5%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates of patients whose primary treatment was surgery and RT were 90.0% and 67.3%, respectively (log-rank P = 0.028). The 5-year PFS rates of patients whose primary treatment was surgery or RT were 80.8% and 40.7%, respectively (log-rank P = 0.024). Multivariate analyses showed that nerve invasion and the pattern of primary treatment were independent factors associated with PFS.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to the relative insensitivity to radiation, primary surgery seemed to provide a better chance of disease control and improved survival in NACC. Meanwhile, postoperative radiotherapy should be performed for advanced stage or residual tumours. Cranial nerve invasion and treatment pattern might be important factors affecting the prognosis of patients with NACC.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Male; Female; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Middle Aged; Adult; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Young Adult; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Follow-Up Studies; Adolescent; Progression-Free Survival
PubMed: 38730348
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12159-z -
Gland Surgery Apr 2024Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor. The primary TACC usually metastasizes to the lung and bone, rarely involving the thyroid....
BACKGROUND
Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor. The primary TACC usually metastasizes to the lung and bone, rarely involving the thyroid. Although some previous reports have described the imaging features of TACC with thyroid invasion, the multimodal ultrasound findings of TACC with thyroid invasion and mimicking thyroid tumors have not been reported before.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 69-year-old woman who had been experiencing hoarseness for 2 years and a thyroid nodule for 2 months was presented to our clinic. Conventional ultrasound showed a hypoechoic nodule about 33×25×50 mm in the left lobe and isthmus of the thyroid, adjacent to the trachea and extending to the right lobe. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed that the nodule was unevenly enhanced, with iso-enhancement in the periphery and hypo-enhancement in most of the central area. Shear wave elastography showed that the maximum Young's modulus of nodules was 237.5 kPa, the minimum was 0.1 kPa, and the average was 60.5 kPa. Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone and calcitonin were within the normal range. The patient underwent radical surgery with an uneventful postoperative recovery. Combined with the intraoperative findings and pathological examination, the diagnosis of TACC with thyroid invasion was made.
CONCLUSIONS
This rare case shows that TACC invading the thyroid may be manifested as a thyroid tumor on ultrasound. Preoperative pathological examination and comprehensive imaging examination are of great significance for the clinical management of patients. We also reviewed the literature on the imaging findings and clinical performance for TACC with thyroid invasion.
PubMed: 38720680
DOI: 10.21037/gs-23-485 -
Gastroenterology Research Apr 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders that are caused by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors and...
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders that are caused by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors and affects a significant portion of the global population. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is known to play a crucial role in immune modulation and maintaining gut microbiota balance. Dysbiosis in the latter has a known link to IBD. Therefore, the increasing prevalence of adenoidectomy in children should be explored for its potential association with IBD. The objective of this paper was to assess the association between adenoid tissue removal and the risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
METHODS
We conducted a pooled meta-analysis to evaluate the extended clinical outcomes in patients who underwent appendicectomy and tonsillectomy compared to those who did not. Our approach involved systematically searching the PubMed database for relevant observational studies written in English. We followed the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines to collect data from various time periods, and to address the diversity in study results; we employed a random-effects analysis that considered heterogeneity. For outcomes, odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Seven studies, out of a total of 114,537, met our inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis revealed a significant association between appendicectomy and CD (OR: 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 - 2.43; heterogeneity I = 93%). Similarly, we found a significant association between tonsillectomy and CD (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 0.96 - 3.89; I = 62%). However, no significant association was observed between appendicectomy and UC (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.24 - 1.47; I = 96%), while a modest association was found between tonsillectomy and UC (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.30; I = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, we found that the trend of appendicectomy is linked to higher odds of CD, and tonsillectomy is more likely associated with increased odds for both CD and UC, with a risk of bias present.
PubMed: 38716286
DOI: 10.14740/gr1672 -
Case Reports in Dentistry 2024Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid had been perceived as a rare odontogenic tumor with bridging histopathological features between ameloblastoma and adenomatoid...
Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid had been perceived as a rare odontogenic tumor with bridging histopathological features between ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Due to the mixture of histopathological features of two separate and well-recognized entities, adenoid ameloblastoma was also regarded as a hybrid lesion. The diversity in the histopathological presentation among the cases has disaccorded the nature, behaviour, and prognosis of this pathology. Despite the literature acknowledging the histopathological diversity, categorizing all these variations into one and addressing them as a single entity was lagging till the 5 edition of the odontogenic tumor classification by the WHO was forwarded. With the establishment of the new terminology of adenoid ameloblastoma and the enlistment of its diagnostic criteria, the scientific literature has advocated updating, contributing, and redefining the various aspects of this pathology. Here, we present a case of a 34-year-old male who presented with a chief complaint of swelling in the lower front region of his jaw in the past one month. The swelling was associated with pain that was sudden in onset with a progressive increase in size. The swelling was also associated with discharge that resembled pus. A panoramic radiograph showed a mixed radiopaque and radiolucent area, extending from the distal aspect of 32 up to the distal aspect of 43. The entire cystic lining along with the growth was excised and sent for histopathological examination. Correlating clinically, the histopathological features are suggestive of adenoid ameloblastoma. Scientific literature has stood as a boon to evidence-based practice. The diagnosis for the present case report is truly an outcome of the literature-based update which helped the diagnosis of the case as a separate entity rather than as a hybrid pathology. The goal was to enhance the understanding of the lesions in terms of their clinical characteristics and diverse histopathological morphology.
PubMed: 38716224
DOI: 10.1155/2024/8366045 -
Fujita Medical Journal May 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of microdebrider adenoidectomy on sleep-disordered breathing among pediatric patients with OSA.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of microdebrider adenoidectomy on sleep-disordered breathing among pediatric patients with OSA.
METHODS
In the microdebrider group (Group I), there were 30 Japanese OSA patients consisting of 26 boys and 4 girls. For comparison, we had 15 children (13 boys and 2 girls) who underwent classical adenoidectomy (Group II). Patients in Group I were selected from a pool of 95 pediatric Japanese OSA patients and were matched by age, preoperative AHI, and Kaup index with those in Group II.Parameters such as the amount of residual adenoid tissue, bleeding, duration of the procedure, and sleep-related metrics were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
A significant improvement in postoperative AHI was observed in Group I (<0.05). The prevalence of AHI <1 was significantly higher in Group I compared with Group II (<0.05). Additionally, the amount of postoperative residual adenoid was significantly less in Group I (3/30 of Grade 3 and 4 adenoid size) than in Group II (7/15, <0.05). Furthermore, a reduction in postoperative AHI was proportionally associated with a decrease in residual adenoid.
CONCLUSIONS
The newly developed microdebrider adenoidectomy technique for pediatric OSA patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy demonstrated greater accuracy and efficacy in ameliorating sleep apnea symptoms compared with the standard adenoidectomy approach.
PubMed: 38708075
DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2023-009 -
Nursing Open May 2024To evaluate the influencing factors of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children with adenoid hypertrophy and to provide evidence for clinical treatment and care of...
AIM
To evaluate the influencing factors of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children with adenoid hypertrophy and to provide evidence for clinical treatment and care of children with adenoid hypertrophy.
DESIGN
A retrospective study.
METHODS
Preschool children with adenoid hypertrophy treated in our hospital from 1 January 2021 to 30 July 2022 were included. We analysed the characteristics of OME and non-OME children with adenoid hypertrophy. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the risk factors for OME in children with adenoid hypertrophy.
CONCLUSION
A total of 166 children with adenoid hypertrophy were included; the incidence of OME in children with adenoid hypertrophy was 34.94%. The incidence of OME decreased significantly with the increase in age (p = 0.014). Logistic regression analysis showed that age < 3 years (OR = 3.149, 95%CI: 2.812-3.807) and duration of adenoid hypertrophy ≥12 months (OR = 2.326, 95%CI: 2.066-2.612) were the risk factors of OME in children with adenoid hypertrophy (all p < 0.05).
PATIENT CONTRIBUTION
The incidence of adenoid hypertrophy with OME is high in preschool children, and it is related to the age and duration of adenoid hypertrophy.
Topics: Humans; Otitis Media with Effusion; Male; Child, Preschool; Risk Factors; Adenoids; Female; Retrospective Studies; Hypertrophy; Incidence; Child; Logistic Models
PubMed: 38701327
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2165 -
BMC Pediatrics Apr 2024Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) may lead to poor asthma control in children.
BACKGROUND
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) may lead to poor asthma control in children.
OBJECTIVE
To identify risk factors of SDB in children with asthma and assess its impact on asthma control.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, we collected data of outpatients with asthma at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2020 to August 2021. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire-Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder and the age-appropriate asthma control tests Childhood Asthma Control Test and Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids were completed.
RESULTS
We enrolled 397 children with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1 and a mean age of 5.70 ± 2.53 years. The prevalence of SDB was 21.6%. Allergic rhinitis (odds ratio OR = 3.316), chronic tonsillitis (OR = 2.246), gastroesophageal reflux (OR = 7.518), adenoid hypertrophy (OR = 3.479), recurrent respiratory infections (OR = 2.195), and a family history of snoring (OR = 2.048) were risk factors for the development of combined SDB in children with asthma (p < 0.05). Asthma was poorly controlled in 19.6% of the children. SDB (OR = 2.391) and irregular medication use (OR = 2.571) were risk factors for poor asthma control (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Allergic rhinitis, chronic tonsillitis, gastroesophageal reflux, adenoid hypertrophy, recurrent respiratory infections, and a family history of snoring were independent risk factors for the development of SDB in children with asthma. SDB and irregular medication use were independent risk factors for poor asthma control.
Topics: Humans; Asthma; Male; Female; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Child; Child, Preschool; Rhinitis, Allergic; Prevalence; China; Tonsillitis; Snoring; Adenoids; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 38689232
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04762-7 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2024First bite syndrome (FBS) is a symptom of severe pain at the beginning of a meal that lessens as the meal progresses. It is a common postoperative complication of...
BACKGROUND/AIM
First bite syndrome (FBS) is a symptom of severe pain at the beginning of a meal that lessens as the meal progresses. It is a common postoperative complication of parapharyngeal space tumors and is rarely reported as the first symptom of parotid carcinoma. The parapharyngeal space is considered a difficult area for approach; hence, preoperative histopathology is often challenging. However, there are hardly any reports on the approach of performing biopsies under computerized tomography (CT) guidance.
CASE REPORT
A 28-year-old woman presented to our hospital with the chief complaint of pain in the left parotid region since the past year. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid gland revealed a 10-mm high-signal area on T2-weighted images extending from the deep lobe of the left parotid gland to the parapharyngeal space, which could not be visualized on ultrasound. She was suspected to have a malignant tumor because of the presence of a parotid tumor with FBS. Therefore, she underwent CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and was diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patient underwent left parotid tumor resection and left cervical dissection, and her pain during feeding improved postoperatively.
CONCLUSION
In a patient with parotid tumor extending into the parapharyngeal space with FBS as the initial symptom, CT-guided FNAC was successfully used to diagnose parotid carcinoma. Symptoms of pain, including FBS, should be considered in cases of malignancy. CT-guided FNAC is effective for lesions that cannot be visualized by ultrasound, such as those in the parapharyngeal space.
Topics: Humans; Female; Parotid Neoplasms; Adult; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Image-Guided Biopsy; Parotid Gland; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Cytology
PubMed: 38688641
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13590