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Science Advances Jun 2024Chronic wounds are a common and costly complication of diabetes, where multifactorial defects contribute to dysregulated skin repair, inflammation, tissue damage, and...
Chronic wounds are a common and costly complication of diabetes, where multifactorial defects contribute to dysregulated skin repair, inflammation, tissue damage, and infection. We previously showed that aspects of the diabetic foot ulcer microbiota were correlated with poor healing outcomes, but many microbial species recovered remain uninvestigated with respect to wound healing. Here, we focused on , a Gram-negative bacterium that is frequently recovered from chronic wounds but rarely causes infection. Treatment of diabetic wounds with accelerated healing during early stages. We investigated the underlying mechanisms and found that treatment promotes reepithelialization of diabetic keratinocytes, a process that is necessary for healing but deficient in chronic wounds. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases in diabetes contributes to failed epithelialization, and we found that treatment balances this overexpression to allow proper healing. This work uncovers a mechanism of bacterial-driven wound repair and provides a foundation for the development of microbiota-based wound interventions.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Wound Healing; Animals; Keratinocytes; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Diabetic Foot; Mice; Re-Epithelialization; Male
PubMed: 38924411
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2020 -
Science Advances Jun 2024Heterotrophic nitrifiers continue to be a hiatus in our understanding of the nitrogen cycle. Despite their discovery over 50 years ago, the physiology and environmental...
Heterotrophic nitrifiers continue to be a hiatus in our understanding of the nitrogen cycle. Despite their discovery over 50 years ago, the physiology and environmental role of this enigmatic group remain elusive. The current theory is that heterotrophic nitrifiers are capable of converting ammonia to hydroxylamine, nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, and dinitrogen gas via the subsequent actions of nitrification and denitrification. In addition, it was recently suggested that dinitrogen gas may be formed directly from ammonium. Here, we combine complementary high-resolution gas profiles, N isotope labeling studies, and transcriptomics data to show that hydroxylamine is the major product of nitrification in . We demonstrated that denitrification and direct ammonium oxidation to dinitrogen gas did not occur under the conditions tested. Our results indicate that is capable of hydroxylamine production from an organic intermediate. These results fundamentally change our understanding of heterotrophic nitrification and have important implications for its biotechnological application.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Nitrification; Hydroxylamine; Heterotrophic Processes; Ammonium Compounds; Nitrites; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 38848370
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3587 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jul 2024Phytate content in feed ingredients can negatively impact digestibility and palatability. To address this issue, it is necessary to study microbes capable of breaking...
Phytate content in feed ingredients can negatively impact digestibility and palatability. To address this issue, it is necessary to study microbes capable of breaking down phytate content. This study aimed to isolate and characterize phytase-producing bacteria from decaying materials rich in phytic acid. The research was conducted in several stages. The first stage involved isolating phytase-producing bacteria from the acidification of using growth media containing Na-phytate. Bacterial isolates that produced clear zones were then tested for their activity and ability to produce several enzymes, specifically phytase, cellulase, and protease. The next step was to test the morphological characteristics of the bacterial isolate. The final stage of bacterial identification consisted of DNA isolation, followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, DNA sequence homology analysis, and construction of a phylogenetic tree. Based on research, three isolates were found to produce clear phytase zones: isolates R5 (20.3 mm), R7 (16.1 mm) and R8 (31.7 mm). All isolates were able to produce the enzymes phytase (5.45-6.54 U/ml), cellulase (2.60-2.92 U/ml), and protease (22.2-23.4 U/ml). Metagenomic testing identified isolate R7 and R8 as and isolate R5 as . The isolation and characterization of phytase-producing bacteria from acidification resulted in the identification of two promising candidates that can be applied as sources of phytase producers. Phytase-producing bacteria can be utilized to improve digestibility and palatability in animal feed.
PubMed: 38813263
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104006 -
BMC Plant Biology May 2024Soil salinity is one of the major menaces to food security, particularly in dealing with the food demand of the ever-increasing global population. Production of cereal...
BACKGROUND
Soil salinity is one of the major menaces to food security, particularly in dealing with the food demand of the ever-increasing global population. Production of cereal crops such as wheat is severely affected by soil salinity and improper fertilization. The present study aimed to examine the effect of selected microbes and poultry manure (PM) on seedling emergence, physiology, nutrient uptake, and growth of wheat in saline soil. A pot experiment was carried out in research area of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Saline soil (12 dS m w/w) was developed by spiking using sodium chloride, and used in experiment along with two microbial strains (i.e., Alcaligenes faecalis MH-2 and Achromobacter denitrificans MH-6) and PM. Finally, wheat seeds (variety Akbar-2019) were sown in amended and unamended soil, and pots were placed following a completely randomized design. The wheat crop was harvested after 140 days of sowing.
RESULTS
The results showed a 10-39% increase (compared to non-saline control) in agronomic, physiological, and nutritive attributes of wheat plants when augmented with PM and microbes. Microbes together with PM significantly enhanced seedling emergence (up to 38%), agronomic (up to 36%), and physiological (up to 33%) in saline soil as compared to their respective unamended control. Moreover, the co-use of microbes and PM also improved soil's physicochemical attributes and enhanced N (i.e., 21.7%-17.1%), P (i.e., 24.1-29.3%), and K (i.e., 28.7%-25.3%) availability to the plant (roots and shoots, respectively). Similarly, the co-use of amendments also lowered the Na contents in soil (i.e., up to 62%) as compared to unamended saline control. This is the first study reporting the effects of the co-addition of newly identified salt-tolerant bacterial strains and PM on seedling emergence, physiology, nutrient uptake, and growth of wheat in highly saline soil.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that co-using a multi-trait bacterial culture and PM could be an appropriate option for sustainable crop production in salt-affected soil.
Topics: Triticum; Manure; Soil; Animals; Salinity; Poultry; Soil Microbiology; Seedlings; Fertilizers; Alcaligenes faecalis
PubMed: 38760709
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05137-x -
PloS One 2024Endophytic bacteria, recognized as eco-friendly biofertilizers, have demonstrated the potential to enhance crop growth and yield. While the plant growth-promoting...
Endophytic bacteria, recognized as eco-friendly biofertilizers, have demonstrated the potential to enhance crop growth and yield. While the plant growth-promoting effects of endophytic bacteria have been extensively studied, the impact of weed endophytes remains less explored. In this study, we aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from native weeds and assess their plant growth-promoting abilities in rice under varying chemical fertilization. The evaluation encompassed measurements of mineral phosphate and potash solubilization, as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production activity by the selected isolates. Two promising strains, tentatively identified as Alcaligenes faecalis (BTCP01) from Eleusine indica (Goose grass) and Metabacillus indicus (BTDR03) from Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, exhibited noteworthy phosphate and potassium solubilization activity, respectively. BTCP01 demonstrated superior phosphate solubilizing activity, while BTDR03 exhibited the highest potassium (K) solubilizing activity. Both isolates synthesized IAA in the presence of L-tryptophan, with the detection of nifH and ipdC genes in their genomes. Application of isolates BTCP01 and BTDR03 through root dipping and spraying at the flowering stage significantly enhanced the agronomic performance of rice variety CV. BRRI dhan29. Notably, combining both strains with 50% of recommended N, P, and K fertilizer doses led to a substantial increase in rice grain yields compared to control plants receiving 100% of recommended doses. Taken together, our results indicate that weed endophytic bacterial strains BTCP01 and BTDR03 hold promise as biofertilizers, potentially reducing the dependency on chemical fertilizers by up to 50%, thereby fostering sustainable rice production.
Topics: Oryza; Endophytes; Alcaligenes faecalis; Plant Weeds; Fertilizers; Phosphates; Indoleacetic Acids; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; Eleusine; Cynodon; Potassium
PubMed: 38753661
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296547 -
Data in Brief Jun 2024The sea cucumber () is a species found in the shallow waters near coral reefs and seagrass beds in Puerto Rico. To characterize the microbial taxonomic composition and...
The sea cucumber () is a species found in the shallow waters near coral reefs and seagrass beds in Puerto Rico. To characterize the microbial taxonomic composition and functional profiles present in the sea cucumber, total DNA was obtained from their intestinal system, fosmid libraries constructed, and subsequent sequencing was performed. The diversity profile displayed that the most predominant domain was Bacteria (76.56 %), followed by Viruses (23.24 %) and Archaea (0.04 %). Within the 11 phyla identified, the most abundant was Proteobacteria (73.16 %), followed by Terrabacteria group (3.20 %) and Fibrobacterota, Chlorobiota, Bacteroidota (FCB) superphylum (1.02 %). The most abundant species were (21.77 %), (14.78 %), and (5.00 %). The functional profile revealed that the most abundant functions are related to transporters, MISC (miscellaneous information systems), organic nitrogen, energy, and carbon utilization. The data collected in this project on the diversity and functional profiles of the intestinal system of the provided a detailed view of its microbial ecology. These findings may motivate comparative studies aimed at understanding the role of the microbiome in intestinal regeneration.
PubMed: 38690316
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110421 -
African Journal of Infectious Diseases 2024Infectious diseases due to antibiotic resistant pathogens are a global public health problem. This study aimed at determining the potential effect of bacterial-fungal...
BACKGROUND
Infectious diseases due to antibiotic resistant pathogens are a global public health problem. This study aimed at determining the potential effect of bacterial-fungal interaction on the antibiotic susceptibility profile of
MATERIALS AND METHODS
was isolated from water samples. The isolate was identified using the conventional biochemical tests and the 16S rRNA molecular sequencing technique. Additionally, species was isolated and identified based on colony morphological characteristics and microscopic features. Standardized isolates were co-cultured in broth medium. Antibiotic susceptibility evaluation of the from the co-culture and the original was carried out using the Kirby bauer disk diffusion method.
RESULTS
The antibiotic susceptibility profile of before and after co-culture remained largely unchanged except in the case of chloramphenicol, where the isolate showed reduced susceptibility. Molecular analysis of resistance gene revealed the absence of tested gene encoding antibiotic resistance, including the streptomycin resistance (str) genes ( and ) and the erythromycin resistance methylase () gene.
CONCLUSION
The result of this study showed that there is a minimal influence of cultures on the susceptibility of . Further research involving a wide spectrum of microorganisms and their interactions should be conducted to acquire a thorough understanding of the influence of microbial interactions on antibiotic susceptibility profiles in order to pave way for novel strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
PubMed: 38606189
DOI: 10.21010/Ajidv18i2.2 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024The potential to degrade ochratoxin A (OTA), a highly poisonous mycotoxin, was investigated in cultures from Alcaligenes-type strains. Genome sequence analyses from...
The potential to degrade ochratoxin A (OTA), a highly poisonous mycotoxin, was investigated in cultures from Alcaligenes-type strains. Genome sequence analyses from different Alcaligenes species have permitted us to demonstrate a direct, causal link between the gene coding a known N-acyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase from A. faecalis (AfOTH) and the OTA-degrading activity of this bacterium. In agreement with this finding, we found the gene coding AfOTH in two additional species included in the Alcaligenes genus, namely, A. pakistanensis, and A. aquatilis, which also degraded OTA. Notably, A. faecalis subsp. faecalis DSM 30030 was able to transform OTα, the product of OTA hydrolysis. AfOTH from A. faecalis subsp. phenolicus DSM 16503 was recombinantly over-produced and enzymatically characterized. AfOTH is a Zn-containing metalloenzyme that possesses structural features and conserved residues identified in the M20D family of enzymes. AfOTH is a tetramer in solution that shows both aminoacylase and carboxypeptidase activities. Using diverse potential substrates, namely, N-acetyl-L-amino acids and carbobenzyloxy-L-amino acids, a marked preference towards C-terminal Phe and Tyr residues could be deduced. The structural basis for this specificity has been determined by in silico molecular docking analyses. The amidase activity of AfOTH on C-terminal Phe residues structurally supports its OTA and OTB degradation activity.
Topics: Ochratoxins; Alcaligenes; Amidohydrolases; Substrate Specificity; Amino Acid Sequence; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 38574921
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131342 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Mar 2024Since the middle of the 1980s, severe skin disorders have been observed in Baltic cod () each year. Available data on the spectrum of bacteria isolated from the clinical...
INTRODUCTION
Since the middle of the 1980s, severe skin disorders have been observed in Baltic cod () each year. Available data on the spectrum of bacteria isolated from the clinical cases being limited, and evaluation of the microbial background of fish skin lesions being useful, a bacteriological examination has been undertaken.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 1,381 cod were caught during two voyages of the Baltica research vessel in the Polish exclusive economic zone of the southern Baltic Sea. After an examination which found lesions in 164 of the fish, a microbiological analysis was performed to isolate bacteria from them. The collected strains were phenotyped and genotyped, and their antimicrobial resistance was analysed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques.
RESULTS
Bacteriological examinations provided 850 isolates. The dominant microorganisms were mesophilic spp., spp. and . Opportunistic bacteria potentially hazardous to human health were also isolated, . , , and sp. The MIC analysis determined the highest number of bacteria to resist sulphamethoxazole and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.
CONCLUSION
Most of the collected bacteria were opportunistic pathogens for fish, widespread in the aquatic environment, and potentially threatening to humans.
PubMed: 38525229
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0004 -
PloS One 2024Dysbiotic biliary bacterial profile is reported in cancer patients and is associated with survival and comorbidities, raising the question of its effect on the influence...
BACKGROUND
Dysbiotic biliary bacterial profile is reported in cancer patients and is associated with survival and comorbidities, raising the question of its effect on the influence of anticancer drugs and, recently, the suggestion of perichemotherapy antibiotics in pancreatic cancer patients colonized by the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we investigated the microbial communities that colonize tumours and which bacteria could aid in diagnosing pancreatic and biliary cancer and managing bile-colonized patients.
METHODS
A retrospective study on positive bile cultures of 145 Italian patients who underwent cholangiopancreatography with PC and EPC cancer hospitalized from January 2006 to December 2020 in a QA-certified academic surgical unit were investigated for aerobic/facultative-anaerobic bacteria and fungal organisms.
RESULTS
We found that among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp were the most frequent in the EPC group, while Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Pseudomonas spp were the most frequent in the PC group. Enterococcus spp was the most frequent Gram-positive bacteria in both groups. Comparing the EPC and PC, we found a significant presence of patients with greater age in the PC compared to the EPC group. Regarding Candida spp, we found no significant but greater rate in the PC group compared to the EPC group (11.7% vs 1.96%). We found that Alcaligenes faecalis was the most frequent bacteria in EPC than the PC group, among Gram-negative bacterial species.
CONCLUSIONS
Age differences in gut microbiota composition may affect biliary habitats in our cancer population, especially in patients with pancreatic cancer. Alcaligenes faecalis isolated in the culture of bile samples could represent potential microbial markers for a restricted follow-up to early diagnosis of extra-pancreatic cancer. Finally, the prevalence of Candida spp in pancreatic cancer seems to trigger new aspects about debate about the role of fungal microbiota into their relationship with pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Humans; Bile; Retrospective Studies; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Biliary Tract Neoplasms; Candida; Escherichia coli; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38381746
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294049