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Iranian Journal of Basic Medical... 2024This study focused on the evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of polyherbal extract (PHE), containing (L.), (R. Br.), (L.), and (L.), in...
Polyherbal extract improves glycometabolic control in alloxan-induced diabetic rats down-regulating the MAPK/JNK pathway, modulating Nrf-2/Keap-1 expression, and stimulating insulin signaling.
OBJECTIVES
This study focused on the evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of polyherbal extract (PHE), containing (L.), (R. Br.), (L.), and (L.), in alloxan-induced diabetes model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
, HPLC characterization, DPPH scavenging assay, and α-amylase inhibition test were conducted. , acute oral toxicity of PHE was assessed. Alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats (n=6) were orally treated with PHE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg/day) and glibenclamide (GLB; 10 mg/kg/day) for six consecutive weeks. Then, biochemical biomarkers, oxidative stress parameters, histopathological examination, and mRNA expression levels (RT-qPCR) were determined.
RESULTS
The presence of polyphenols in PHE was confirmed in correlation to marked DPPH scavenging (IC: 1.60 mg/ml) and α-amylase inhibition (IC: 0.82 mg/ml). PHE demonstrated no toxicity in rats up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg. In diabetic rats, PHE dose-dependently ameliorated the serum levels of glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), leptin, and glucokinase (GCK). Also, PHE substantially alleviated serum inflammatory markers (TNF-α and CRP) and oxidative stress indicators (MDA, SOD, and CAT) in pancreatic tissues. PHE, particularly at 600 mg/kg, attenuated cellular oxidative stress modulating the mRNA expression levels of genes regulating MAPK/JNK (Mapk-8, Traf-4, and Traf-6) and Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathways and promoted insulin signaling through up-regulating insulin signaling cascade (Pdx-1, Ins-1, and Ins-2), as compared to GLB. Furthermore, histopathological findings supported the aforementioned results.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that polyherbal extract has promising antioxidant and antidiabetic activities by modulating the MAPK/JNK, Nrf-2/Keap-1, and insulin signaling pathways.
PubMed: 38234664
DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2023.72553.15780 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of L. flower extracts, solvent fractions, and isolated compounds. L flowers were extracted...
The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of L. flower extracts, solvent fractions, and isolated compounds. L flowers were extracted with aqueous methanol, and concentrated extract was successively partitioned into EtOAc, -BuOH, and HO fractions. Repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for EtOAc and -BuOH fractions led to the isolation of a new phenylalkyl glycoside (), along with five known ones. Several spectroscopic data led to the structure determination of one new phenylalky glycoside as brugmansioside C (named) () and five known ones as benzyl---D-glucopyranoside (), benzyl---D-glucosyl-(1→6)--D-glucopyranoside (), 2-phenylethyl---D-glucopyranoside (), 2-phenylethyl---D-glucosyl-(1→6)--D-glucopyranoside (), and 3-phenylpropyl---D-glucopyranoside (). The five known ones (-) were isolated from flowers for the first time in this study. The extract, solvent fractions, and all isolated compounds showed radical scavenging activities using ABTS radical, and EtOAc fraction showed the highest scavenging capacity, whereas compounds 2, 4, and 6 did not display the capacity to use the DPPH radical. The extract, solvent fractions, and all isolated compounds showed a protective effect on pancreatic islets damaged by alloxan treatment in zebrafish larvae. The pancreatic islet size treated with EtOAc, -BuOH fractions, and all compounds significantly increased by 64.0%, 69.4%, 82.0%, 89.8%, 80.0%, 97.8%, 103.1%, and 99.6%, respectively, compared to the alloxan-induced group. These results indicate that flowers and their isolated compounds are useful as potential antioxidant and antidiabetic agents.
PubMed: 38140402
DOI: 10.3390/plants12244075 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023The study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activity and evaluate the protective effects of the date seeds powder kentichi against alloxan-induced damage in the...
The study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activity and evaluate the protective effects of the date seeds powder kentichi against alloxan-induced damage in the liver, kidney, and pancreas in diabetic's rats. Group 1: control group, that did not receive any treatment, Group 2: alloxan was injected intraperitoneally (120 mg/kg body weight) for two days (Diab), Group 3: treated only by date seeds powder added in the diet (300 g/kg) for 6 weeks (DSPK), Group 4: alloxan-diabetic rats treated with date seeds powder (300 g/kg) (DSPK + Diab). Estimations of biochemical parameters in blood were determined. TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were determined. A histopathological study was done by immersing pieces of both organs in a fixative solution followed by paraffin hematoxylin-eosin staining. In addition, the antioxidant activities of DSPK were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ABTS free radical scavenging. The results revealed that date seeds significantly decreased serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, T-protein, ALP, D-bili and T-bili levels. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities that had been reduced in liver, kidney, and pancreas of the treated group were restored by DSPK treatments and, therefore, the lipid peroxidation level was reduced in the liver, kidney and pancreas tissue compared to the control group. Additionally, the histological structure in these organs was restored after treatment with date seeds powder.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Antioxidants; Phoeniceae; Alloxan; Oxidative Stress; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Rats, Wistar; Powders; Plant Extracts; Superoxide Dismutase; Seeds; Lipid Peroxidation
PubMed: 38126632
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274405 -
Food Science & Nutrition Dec 2023The current study aimed to explore the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extracts of , and mixture of both the plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. A total of 30...
The current study aimed to explore the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extracts of , and mixture of both the plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits were grouped into six equal groups as: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) , diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw , diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw mixture of both the plants and diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg bw metformin for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced to all the study group animals except normal control by intravenous administration of alloxan monohydrate (80 mg/kg bw). Blood glucose was measured by glucometer and other biochemical parameters were determined through various kit methods. Serum insulin was measured through ELISA kit method. Results showed that both the plants and metformin significantly ( < .05) decreased the fasting blood glucose. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of and metformin was found slightly higher than aqueous extract of and the mixture of both the plants. However, a significant ( < .05) rise in insulin secretion was observed in studied plants extract treated rabbits. Serum urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes were found reduced significantly ( < .05) in treated rabbits whereas packed cell volume was also returned to normal in treated animals as compared to control group. The study concluded that and extracts have comparable effects with metformin in normalizing the blood glucose level and have more pronounced effect than metformin in restoring the serum biochemical parameters to normal levels. Hence, these plants may be the good alternative medicine in managing the diabetes mellitus.
PubMed: 38107140
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3685 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Various animal and cell culture models of diabetes mellitus (DM) have been established and utilized to study diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The divergence of... (Review)
Review
Various animal and cell culture models of diabetes mellitus (DM) have been established and utilized to study diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The divergence of metabolic abnormalities among these models makes their etiology complicated despite some similarities regarding the pathological and neurological features of DPN. Thus, this study aimed to review the omics approaches toward DPN, especially on the metabolic states in diabetic rats and mice induced by chemicals (streptozotocin and alloxan) as type 1 DM models and by genetic mutations (MKR, db/db and ob/ob) and high-fat diet as type 2 DM models. Omics approaches revealed that the pathways associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation in dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves were enriched and controlled in the levels of gene expression among these animal models. Additionally, these pathways were conserved in human DPN, indicating the pivotal pathogeneses of DPN. Omics approaches are beneficial tools to better understand the association of metabolic changes with morphological and functional abnormalities in DPN.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Rats; Animals; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Sciatic Nerve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
PubMed: 38089620
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1208441 -
Cureus Nov 2023Background Diabetes mellitus is often associated with neurohistopathological changes, resulting in cognitive deficits. This study aimed to explore the...
Background Diabetes mellitus is often associated with neurohistopathological changes, resulting in cognitive deficits. This study aimed to explore the neurohistopathological alterations induced by Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts in diabetic male Wistar rats. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 64 male Wistar rats aged between 8 and 12 weeks were allocated evenly into eight different groups. The first group, consisting of eight rats, served as the control, receiving only a standard diet with no additional treatment. The second group was treated with 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan to induce a diabetic model. The third group received a metformin treatment at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight. The fourth and fifth groups were administered with Theobroma cacao and Camellia sinensis extracts, respectively, at respective doses of 340 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight. Groups six and seven were diabetic models treated with either Theobroma cacao extract (340 mg/kg) or Camellia sinensis extract (200 mg/kg). The eighth group, another diabetic model, was treated with a combination of both extracts at the same doses. Brain tissues were harvested at the end of an eight-week treatment period for histopathological evaluation. Cresyl violet staining was the method used for histopathological examination of the harvested brain tissues. Results Histopathological evaluations revealed normal neuronal structures in the control group. Alloxan-treated rats displayed significant neurodegeneration, including vacuolization and apoptosis. Metformin treatment showed moderate improvements in the neural architecture. Remarkably, Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts exhibited protective effects against neurodegeneration in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Furthermore, a combination of both extracts in diabetic rats led to synergistic improvements in the neural structures, closely approximating normal conditions. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among the groups (F(7,56) = 24.11, p < 0.001). A Tukey post hoc test further indicated significant improvements in Metformin, Theobroma Cacao, and Camellia Sinensis-treated groups compared to the alloxan-induced diabetes model. Conclusions Both Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts unveiled notable promise in countering the neurohistopathological alterations spurred by diabetes in the study. This pioneering observation accentuates the innovative possibility of utilizing these natural extracts as potential therapeutic agents for neural complications in diabetes mellitus. The compelling findings of this study contribute significantly to the existing body of research and emphatically advocate for further exhaustive exploration into the mechanistic actions of Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts. The understanding gleaned from such in-depth studies could revolutionize the approach to managing and treating neural complications associated with diabetes, thereby enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.
PubMed: 38073976
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48492 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2023The present research aimed to fractionate L. (XSL) foliage phenolics into a set of solvents and evaluate their antioxidant potential and anti-diabetic activity...
The present research aimed to fractionate L. (XSL) foliage phenolics into a set of solvents and evaluate their antioxidant potential and anti-diabetic activity against Alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic mice. For this purpose, XSL foliage was fractionated into petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water orbital type shaking and tested for the presence of phenolics, and their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction of XSL foliage contained the highest amount of total phenolics 95.25 mg GAE/g of extract, followed by ethanol (65.14 mg GAE/g), petroleum ether (25.12 mg GAE/g), water (12.20 mg GAE/g), and XSL powder (69.13 mg GAE/g). At the end of treatment time (day 18 of oral administration of 400 mg/kg body weight of mice), the ethyl acetate fraction significantly ( ≤ 0.05) lowered blood glucose level (353 ± 10.6 to 220 ± 25.5 mg/dL) which might due to the elevated level of phenolic compounds in this fraction. Overall, it can be speculated that ethyl acetate and ethanol may work efficiently for the enrichment of XSL phenolic without compromising their antidiabetic potential.
PubMed: 38053673
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1279729 -
Revista Peruana de Medicina... 2023To determine the in vitro antioxidant capacity of Corryocactus brevistylus and its effect on glycemia and the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
OBJECTIVE.
To determine the in vitro antioxidant capacity of Corryocactus brevistylus and its effect on glycemia and the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS.
The antioxidant capacity of the hydroethanolic extract of sanky (HEES) was evaluated by assessing its ability to reduce 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion (FRAP). We used thirty adult rats, which were induced to diabetes with two doses of alloxan (80mg/kg). Rats were distributed into 5 groups (n=6), all groups received treatment by orogastric route for eight days. Group I received water, group II received metformin 14mg/kg and groups III, IV and V received sanky juice at 1.0; 4.0 and 16 mL/kg, respectively. Glycemia was evaluated by the rapid method (glucometer) (first and eighth day). After treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the pancreas was removed for histopathological study.
RESULTS.
The antioxidant capacity of HEES by DPPH showed an IC50 of 0.77 mg/mL; the FRAP method showed a TEAC-FRAP of 22.31µg/mg. Glycemia decreased on the eighth day of treatment, with respect to the first day; a decrease in glycemia was also found in groups III-V, when compared to group I. Histologically, groups I-II presented severe atrophy and moderate necrosis of the islets of Langerhans; groups IV-V presented hypertrophy and mild multifocal necrosis at the islet level.
CONCLUSIONS.
The extract of sanky showed antioxidant capacity in vitro and the juice exerts a hypoglycemic and protective effect on the pancreas.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Antioxidants; Alloxan; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Blood Glucose; Pancreas; Hypoglycemic Agents; Plant Extracts; Necrosis
PubMed: 37991035
DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2023.403.12481 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Nov 2023This study aimed to investigate the effects of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) on connexin43 (Cx43) expression and its subsequent effects on...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the effects of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) on connexin43 (Cx43) expression and its subsequent effects on tight junction properties in diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS
O-GlcNAcylation levels in primary human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs) and retinas from rats with diabetes were regulated by treatment with Thiamet G or alloxan. Immunoprecipitation was used to examine the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and Cx43 expression. Stable overexpression and knockdown of Cx43 in HRVECs were achieved using lentivirus constructs; further, their effects on occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) expression and tight junction barrier function were determined.
RESULTS
O-GlcNAcylation level increased significantly, whereas Cx43 expression decreased in retinas from rats with diabetes and HRVECs cultured under high-glucose conditions. Immunoprecipitation revealed that Cx43 was modified by O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation simultaneously. O-GlcNAcylation inhibition negatively regulated both total Cx43 and phosphorylated Cx43 expression, subsequently disrupting tight junction properties. Conversely, Cx43 overexpression reversed the disruption of tight junction properties and downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Consistently, Cx43 overexpression increased transendothelial electrical resistance values in HRVEC layers.
CONCLUSIONS
O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulated Cx43 expression, contributing to the disruption of the blood retinal barrier. However, O-GlcNAcylation inhibition and Cx43 overexpression could reverse the tight junction disruption. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylation inhibition is a potential target for avoiding tight junction disruption through the Cx43 pathway in DR.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Animals; Diabetic Retinopathy; Connexin 43; Tight Junctions; Endothelial Cells; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Endothelium, Vascular; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37982762
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.30 -
American Journal of Translational... 2023The use of medicinal plants for diabetes treatment is increasing owing to their effectiveness and safety compared to synthetic drugs. Thus, the ameliorative effects of...
OBJECTIVES
The use of medicinal plants for diabetes treatment is increasing owing to their effectiveness and safety compared to synthetic drugs. Thus, the ameliorative effects of (F. Hoffm.) fractions in diabetes-induced dyslipidemia, hepatopathy, and nephropathy in rats were evaluated in this study.
METHODS
Rats with alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight (BW))-induced diabetes were randomized into different groups (=5) and treated with the crude methanolic extract, and fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions) of each at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg BW) was used as a reference drug, and all treatments were administered orally daily for 6 weeks.
RESULTS
Our data revealed that treatment with the crude extract caused a dose-dependent hypoglycemic effect of 61.32±3.45%, 76.05±3.05%, and 78.59±5.90% at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively and improved the BW of the animals. The extract also ameliorated the elevated cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with untreated control animals. The extract also reversed serum biochemical alterations in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total and direct bilirubin, urea, and uric acid that were observed in untreated diabetic rats. Interestingly, the fraction also exhibited significant protection against diabetes-induced dyslipidemia, hepatopathy, and nephropathy in rats, with the ethyl acetate fraction exhibiting a remarkable protective effect. The LC-MS characterisation of the active fraction identified the presence of various phenolic and flavonoid compounds that could be responsible for the bioactivity of the fraction.
CONCLUSION
Collectively, this study suggests the potential application of for effective treatment of diabetic nephropathy, with the ethyl acetate fraction of this plant representing a reserve of potential candidates for developing new drugs.
PubMed: 37969197
DOI: No ID Found